CN107873365A - 一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法 - Google Patents

一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法 Download PDF

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CN107873365A
CN107873365A CN201711179664.9A CN201711179664A CN107873365A CN 107873365 A CN107873365 A CN 107873365A CN 201711179664 A CN201711179664 A CN 201711179664A CN 107873365 A CN107873365 A CN 107873365A
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王祝广
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Gongcheng Fumaosheng Camellia Culture Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，属于果树种植技术领域。所述方法包括病害防治、虫害防治、保护天敌和冬季清园等步骤；其中病害防治是春梢期和谢花后用杀菌剂对整个果园的果树和地面进行喷雾防治，所述杀菌剂原料为马齿苋提取液、龙舌兰提取液、山梨醇脂肪酸酯和醋酸；虫害防治为春梢期和谢花后先用驱避剂喷施叶、花和果，再用诱杀剂喷施茎杆处和地面，所述驱避剂的原料为猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香、洋葱和矿物油，所述诱杀剂的原料为补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊。与传统方法相比，本发明可使病虫害得到及时、有效的控制，还减少化学农药使用，使果实农药残留符合标准，提高了果实的品质。

Description

一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及果树种植技术领域，特别涉及一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法。
【背景技术】
砂糖桔在南方地区已有大面积的种植，是我国南方主产区农村的支柱产业，种植管理技术已趋于成熟，但大面积砂糖桔生产管理模式粗放，病虫害防治依然以化学农药为主，导致农药使用量逐年增加，果园生态环境遭到严重破坏，天敌数量减少，砂糖桔蚜虫、木虱、蚧壳虫、天牛、潜叶蛾和粉虱等虫害，烟煤病、炭疽病、溃疡病和疫霉病等病害呈逐年上升趋势，果实农药残留超标，影响果实的品质。因此，砂糖桔病虫害科学、快速、全面的防治方法，是当前砂糖桔大规模种植面临的重要问题。
【发明内容】
鉴于上述内容，本发明提供了一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，该方法可使病虫害得到及时、有效的控制，还减少化学农药使用，使果实农药残留符合标准，提高了果实的品质。
为达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)病害防治：春梢期和谢花后用杀菌剂对整个果园的果树和地面进行喷雾防治，所述杀菌剂的制备方法为：按重量份数计，将马齿苋提取液10-16份、龙舌兰提取液12-18份、山梨醇脂肪酸酯20-25份和醋酸7-14份经高速搅拌混制而成；
(2)虫害防治：春梢期和谢花后先用驱避剂喷施叶、花和果，再用诱杀剂喷施茎杆处和地面；所述驱避剂包括以下重量份数的原料：猫薄荷15-25份、蒲公英12-18份、迷迭香5-11份、洋葱20-28份和矿物油30-40份；所述诱杀剂包括以下重量份数的原料：补骨脂10-20份、秦皮3-8份、茵陈10-14份、砂糖桔嫩叶12-20份和除虫菊20-30份；
(3)保护天敌：春季在砂糖桔果树行间混合种植三叶草和葛缕子，并在所述三叶草和葛缕子开花期投放害虫天敌；
(4)冬季清园：冬季剪除干枯枝、病虫枝和过密枝，将地表杂草铲除干净后进行全园翻土、晒土，并用石灰浆将树干涂白。
进一步地，所述马齿苋提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜马齿苋放入10-20重量倍的60-70％的乙醇溶液中研磨1-2h，过滤，将滤液进行离心，取上清液，干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
进一步地，所述龙舌兰提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜的龙舌兰叶片进行液氮研磨后，用2-3重量倍的蒸馏水抽提3-5次，离心，取上清液，冷冻干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
进一步地，所述驱避剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香和洋葱一同磨碎后加入5-10倍重量的85-95％的乙醇中回流提取，重复提取2-4次，合并提取液，浓缩至原体积的1/4，并与矿物油高速混合搅拌均匀，即得。
进一步地，所述诱杀剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊一同磨碎后加入8-10倍重量的90-95％的乙醇中浸泡1-2天，抽滤，将滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2，即得。
进一步地，所述杀菌剂的喷施量为500-800mL/亩,喷施时进行1000-2000倍稀释。
进一步地，所述驱避剂的喷施量为300-600mL/亩,喷施时进行500-800倍稀释；所述诱杀剂的喷施量为800-1000mL/亩,喷施时进行100-200倍稀释。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明可使病虫害得到及时、有效的控制，还减少化学农药使用，使果实农药残留符合标准，提高了果实的品质。
(2)本发明杀菌剂中马齿苋提取液、龙舌兰提取液和醋酸可杀灭致病菌，山梨醇脂肪酸酯可包裹致病菌有机体及其孢子，防止其大面积扩散，同时山梨醇脂肪酸酯包裹致病菌后，马齿苋提取液、龙舌兰提取液和醋酸可对其进行抑杀，防治病害的传染和蔓延。
(3)本发明驱避剂中猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香、洋葱和矿物油可发出特殊气味，可驱除害虫，显著减少害虫在新梢上停留、危害和产卵；而诱杀剂中的补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊不但能发出吸引害虫的气味，还能抑杀害虫；先使用驱避剂将害虫驱赶，再使用诱杀剂诱杀害虫，可有效灭虫，减少危害。
【具体实施方式】
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要)中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
实施例1
本实施例一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)病害防治：春梢期和谢花后用杀菌剂对整个果园的果树和地面进行喷雾防治，所述杀菌剂的喷施量为500mL/亩,喷施时进行1000倍稀释，所述杀菌剂的制备方法为：按重量份数计，将马齿苋提取液10份、龙舌兰提取液12份、山梨醇脂肪酸酯20份和醋酸7份经高速搅拌混制而成；所述马齿苋提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜马齿苋放入10重量倍的60％的乙醇溶液中研磨1h，过滤，将滤液进行离心，取上清液，干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得；所述龙舌兰提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜的龙舌兰叶片进行液氮研磨后，用2重量倍的蒸馏水抽提3次，离心，取上清液，冷冻干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
(2)虫害防治：春梢期和谢花后先用驱避剂喷施叶、花和果，再用诱杀剂喷施茎杆处和地面，所述驱避剂的喷施量为300mL/亩,喷施时进行500倍稀释，所述诱杀剂的喷施量为800mL/亩,喷施时进行100倍稀释；所述驱避剂包括以下重量份数的原料：猫薄荷15份、蒲公英12份、迷迭香5份、洋葱20份和矿物油30份；所述诱杀剂包括以下重量份数的原料：补骨脂10份、秦皮3份、茵陈10份、砂糖桔嫩叶12份和除虫菊20份；所述驱避剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香和洋葱一同磨碎后加入5倍重量的85％的乙醇中回流提取，重复提取2次，合并提取液，浓缩至原体积的1/4，并与矿物油高速混合搅拌均匀，即得；所述诱杀剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊一同磨碎后加入8倍重量的90％的乙醇中浸泡1天，抽滤，将滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2，即得。
(3)保护天敌：春季在砂糖桔果树行间混合种植三叶草和葛缕子，并在所述三叶草和葛缕子开花期投放害虫天敌。
(4)冬季清园：冬季剪除干枯枝、病虫枝和过密枝，将地表杂草铲除干净后进行全园翻土、晒土，并用石灰浆将树干涂白。
实施例2
本实施例一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)病害防治：春梢期和谢花后用杀菌剂对整个果园的果树和地面进行喷雾防治，所述杀菌剂的喷施量为800mL/亩,喷施时进行2000倍稀释，所述杀菌剂的制备方法为：按重量份数计，将马齿苋提取液16份、龙舌兰提取液18份、山梨醇脂肪酸酯25份和醋酸14份经高速搅拌混制而成；所述马齿苋提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜马齿苋放入20重量倍的70％的乙醇溶液中研磨2h，过滤，将滤液进行离心，取上清液，干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得；所述龙舌兰提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜的龙舌兰叶片进行液氮研磨后，用3重量倍的蒸馏水抽提5次，离心，取上清液，冷冻干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
(2)虫害防治：春梢期和谢花后先用驱避剂喷施叶、花和果，再用诱杀剂喷施茎杆处和地面，所述驱避剂的喷施量为600mL/亩,喷施时进行800倍稀释，所述诱杀剂的喷施量为1000mL/亩,喷施时进行200倍稀释；所述驱避剂包括以下重量份数的原料：猫薄荷25份、蒲公英18份、迷迭香11份、洋葱28份和矿物油40份；所述诱杀剂包括以下重量份数的原料：补骨脂20份、秦皮8份、茵陈14份、砂糖桔嫩叶20份和除虫菊30份；所述驱避剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香和洋葱一同磨碎后加入10倍重量的95％的乙醇中回流提取，重复提取4次，合并提取液，浓缩至原体积的1/4，并与矿物油高速混合搅拌均匀，即得；所述诱杀剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊一同磨碎后加入10倍重量的95％的乙醇中浸泡2天，抽滤，将滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2，即得。
(3)保护天敌：春季在砂糖桔果树行间混合种植三叶草和葛缕子，并在所述三叶草和葛缕子开花期投放害虫天敌。
(4)冬季清园：冬季剪除干枯枝、病虫枝和过密枝，将地表杂草铲除干净后进行全园翻土、晒土，并用石灰浆将树干涂白。
实施例3
本实施例一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)病害防治：春梢期和谢花后用杀菌剂对整个果园的果树和地面进行喷雾防治，所述杀菌剂的喷施量为600mL/亩,喷施时进行1500倍稀释，所述杀菌剂的制备方法为：按重量份数计，将马齿苋提取液14份、龙舌兰提取液16份、山梨醇脂肪酸酯22份和醋酸11份经高速搅拌混制而成；所述马齿苋提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜马齿苋放入15重量倍的65％的乙醇溶液中研磨1.5h，过滤，将滤液进行离心，取上清液，干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得；所述龙舌兰提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜的龙舌兰叶片进行液氮研磨后，用2.5重量倍的蒸馏水抽提4次，离心，取上清液，冷冻干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
(2)虫害防治：春梢期和谢花后先用驱避剂喷施叶、花和果，再用诱杀剂喷施茎杆处和地面，所述驱避剂的喷施量为500mL/亩,喷施时进行600倍稀释，所述诱杀剂的喷施量为900mL/亩,喷施时进行150倍稀释；所述驱避剂包括以下重量份数的原料：猫薄荷19份、蒲公英15份、迷迭香8份、洋葱25份和矿物油35份；所述诱杀剂包括以下重量份数的原料：补骨脂15份、秦皮6份、茵陈13份、砂糖桔嫩叶16份和除虫菊25份；所述驱避剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香和洋葱一同磨碎后加入7倍重量的90％的乙醇中回流提取，重复提取3次，合并提取液，浓缩至原体积的1/4，并与矿物油高速混合搅拌均匀，即得；所述诱杀剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊一同磨碎后加入9倍重量的93％的乙醇中浸泡1.5天，抽滤，将滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2，即得。
(3)保护天敌：春季在砂糖桔果树行间混合种植三叶草和葛缕子，并在所述三叶草和葛缕子开花期投放害虫天敌。
(4)冬季清园：冬季剪除干枯枝、病虫枝和过密枝，将地表杂草铲除干净后进行全园翻土、晒土，并用石灰浆将树干涂白。
对比试验：
申请人在广西桂林市荔浦县某砂糖桔种植基地进行试验，试验布设第一组、第二组、第三组、对比组1、对比组2、共4个小组，每个小组面积均为2亩，中间设10m隔离带。第一组、第二组、第三组分别采用实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的方法进行病虫害防治；对比组1采用市售杀菌剂代替本发明的杀菌剂进行防治，其他步骤均与实施例3相同；对比组2采用市售杀虫剂代替本发明的驱避剂和诱杀剂进行防治，其他步骤均与实施例3相同。各组其他管理条件均一致，通过3年的防治后，病虫害发生情况、果实农药残留量和第三年的平均产量如表1所示：
表1
从表1中本发明防病效果优于传统化学防治方法，农药残留量低，产量高。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)病害防治：春梢期和谢花后用杀菌剂对整个果园的果树和地面进行喷雾防治，所述杀菌剂的制备方法为：按重量份数计，将马齿苋提取液10-16份、龙舌兰提取液12-18份、山梨醇脂肪酸酯20-25份和醋酸7-14份经高速搅拌混制而成；
(2)虫害防治：春梢期和谢花后先用驱避剂喷施叶、花和果，再用诱杀剂喷施茎杆处和地面；所述驱避剂包括以下重量份数的原料：猫薄荷15-25份、蒲公英12-18份、迷迭香5-11份、洋葱20-28份和矿物油30-40份；所述诱杀剂包括以下重量份数的原料：补骨脂10-20份、秦皮3-8份、茵陈10-14份、砂糖桔嫩叶12-20份和除虫菊20-30份；
(3)保护天敌：春季在砂糖桔果树行间混合种植三叶草和葛缕子，并在所述三叶草和葛缕子开花期投放害虫天敌；
(4)冬季清园：冬季剪除干枯枝、病虫枝和过密枝，将地表杂草铲除干净后进行全园翻土、晒土，并用石灰浆将树干涂白。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：所述马齿苋提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜马齿苋放入10-20重量倍的60-70％的乙醇溶液中研磨1-2h，过滤，将滤液进行离心，取上清液，干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：所述龙舌兰提取液的制备方法为：将新鲜的龙舌兰叶片进行液氮研磨后，用2-3重量倍的蒸馏水抽提3-5次，离心，取上清液，冷冻干燥浓缩至原体积的1/5，即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：所述驱避剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将猫薄荷、蒲公英、迷迭香和洋葱一同磨碎后加入5-10倍重量的85-95％的乙醇中回流提取，重复提取2-4次，合并提取液，浓缩至原体积的1/4，并与矿物油高速混合搅拌均匀，即得。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：所述诱杀剂的制备方法为：按上述重量份数计，将补骨脂、秦皮、茵陈、砂糖桔嫩叶和除虫菊一同磨碎后加入8-10倍重量的90-95％的乙醇中浸泡1-2天，抽滤，将滤液浓缩至原体积的1/2，即得。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：所述杀菌剂的喷施量为500-800mL/亩,喷施时进行1000-2000倍稀释。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种砂糖桔的防病种植方法，其特征在于：所述驱避剂的喷施量为300-600mL/亩,喷施时进行500-800倍稀释；所述诱杀剂的喷施量为800-1000mL/亩,喷施时进行100-200倍稀释。
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