CN107870346B - X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device - Google Patents
X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107870346B CN107870346B CN201711426316.7A CN201711426316A CN107870346B CN 107870346 B CN107870346 B CN 107870346B CN 201711426316 A CN201711426316 A CN 201711426316A CN 107870346 B CN107870346 B CN 107870346B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2978—Hybrid imaging systems, e.g. using a position sensitive detector (camera) to determine the distribution in one direction and using mechanical movement of the detector or the subject in the other direction or using a camera to determine the distribution in two dimensions and using movement of the camera or the subject to increase the field of view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/1606—Measuring radiation intensity with other specified detectors not provided for in the other sub-groups of G01T1/16
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device which is suitable for 50 eV-80 keV X rays and comprises an adjustable diaphragm, an auxiliary aiming device, an X-ray imaging device, a supporting and adjusting mechanism, a shielding barrel and a multiple X-ray imaging plate which are coaxially arranged. After aiming the target by the auxiliary aiming device, the target emits X rays of 50 eV-80 keV, the X rays are imaged on a multiple X-ray imaging plate by an X-ray imaging device, and the multiple images on the multiple X-ray imaging plate are subjected to data extraction, conversion and superposition treatment, so that the quasi-lossless image with the intensity can be restored. The imaging device can realize 50 eV-80 keV X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging, improves the information content of the obtained X-ray image by 0% -85%, and has wide and important application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of X-ray imaging, and particularly relates to an X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device.
Background
In inertial confinement fusion ICF, the X-ray imaging technology is widely used for monitoring the time and space distribution conditions of various instantaneous radiation X-ray intensities released in the processes of laser-plasma interaction, X-ray ablation of a target material, microsphere target implosion and the like, and has great significance for ICF experimental study.
Currently, the devices for receiving the X-ray image mainly include an X-ray imaging plate, an X-ray CCD and an X-ray film. The X-ray imaging plate has higher signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity compared with the X-ray film; in contrast to X-ray CCDs, X-ray imaging plates are flexible and are therefore most widely used.
However, the existing X-ray image receiving device has the following disadvantages: because of the strong penetrability of high-energy X-rays, for example, for SR-type X-ray imaging panels, the transmittance of X-rays of 40keV exceeds 50%, and thus the information of the high-energy X-ray image extracted on the X-ray image receiving device is largely lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device.
The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device is suitable for 50 eV-80 keV X-rays, and comprises an adjustable diaphragm, an auxiliary aiming device, an X-ray imaging device, a supporting and adjusting mechanism, a shielding barrel and a multiple X-ray imaging plate which are coaxially arranged;
the supporting and adjusting mechanism is a horizontally placed cylinder, the auxiliary aiming device is clamped at the front position of the cylinder and faces the target, and the X-ray imaging device is positioned at the center of the auxiliary aiming device; the adjustable diaphragm is annular and is positioned in front of the auxiliary sighting device, and is assembled with the front end face of the cylinder of the supporting and adjusting mechanism; the supporting and adjusting mechanism adjusts the optical directions of the auxiliary aiming device and the X-ray imaging device through an adjuster positioned at the rear part of the cylinder; the front end of the shielding cylinder is in sealing connection with the supporting and adjusting mechanism, the rear end of the shielding cylinder is in sealing connection with the multiple X-ray imaging plates, and the middle part of the shielding cylinder is in smooth transition from the adjusting mechanism to the multiple X-ray imaging plates;
the imaging device has the following working processes:
the visible light emitted by the target is in an adjustable aperture opening state, and the auxiliary X-ray imaging device aims at the target through the auxiliary aiming device and the supporting and adjusting mechanism; x rays emitted by the target are imaged on the multiple X-ray imaging plate through the X-ray imaging device in a state that the adjustable diaphragm is closed; and carrying out data extraction, conversion and superposition processing on multiple X-ray images on the multiple X-ray imaging plate by a computer to obtain an intensity quasi-lossless image.
The target is one of a cavity target, a ball target or a plane target used for inertial confinement fusion ICF.
The adjustable diaphragm is in a closed state, and the light limiting aperture is larger than the target size and smaller than the boundary size of the X-ray imaging device.
The auxiliary aiming device is one of a double-light-path aiming device, a lens aiming device or a multi-section limiting aiming device.
The X-ray imaging device is one of a pinhole and an array thereof, a slit and an array thereof, a special-shaped hole and an array thereof, a KB mirror or a bent crystal for X-ray imaging in the inertial confinement fusion ICF.
The support and adjustment mechanism performs planar displacement based on the X axis and the Y axis of the plane and overturning based on the X axis and the Y axis of the plane on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the auxiliary sighting device.
The shielding cylinder is made of lead, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is larger than 5mm.
The number of imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plate is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, and the model of the imaging plate is one of MS, SR or TR.
The imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plates are stuck together and are placed at the imaging position of the X-ray imaging device; the X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV is single-energy or mixed X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV.
The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device can realize X-ray intensity lossless two-dimensional imaging of 50 eV-80 keV, improves the information quantity of the obtained X-ray image by 0% -85%, and has wide and important application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the theoretical principle of the X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an image acquired by the X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device and an intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional image obtained after superposition processing;
in the figure, 1, a target 2, an adjustable diaphragm 3, an auxiliary sighting device 4, an X-ray imaging device 5, a supporting and adjusting mechanism 6, a shielding cylinder 7 and a multiple X-ray imaging plate.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device is suitable for 50 eV-80 keV X-rays, and comprises an adjustable diaphragm 2, an auxiliary aiming device 3, an X-ray imaging device 4, a supporting and adjusting mechanism 5, a shielding cylinder 6 and a multiple X-ray imaging plate 7 which are coaxially arranged;
the supporting and adjusting mechanism 5 is a cylinder which is horizontally placed, the auxiliary aiming device 3 is clamped at the front position of the cylinder and faces the target 1, and the X-ray imaging device 4 is positioned at the center of the auxiliary aiming device 3; the adjustable diaphragm 2 is in a circular shape and is positioned in front of the auxiliary sighting device 3, and is assembled with the front end face of the cylinder of the supporting and adjusting mechanism 5; the supporting and adjusting mechanism 5 adjusts the optical directions of the auxiliary aiming device 3 and the X-ray imaging device 4 through an adjuster positioned at the rear part of the cylinder; the front end of the shielding cylinder 6 is in sealing connection with the supporting and adjusting mechanism 5, the rear end of the shielding cylinder 6 is in sealing connection with the multiple X-ray imaging plates 7, and the middle part of the shielding cylinder 6 is in smooth transition from the adjusting mechanism 5 to the multiple X-ray imaging plates 7;
the imaging device has the following working processes:
the visible light emitted by the target 1 aims the target 1 through the auxiliary aiming device 3 and the supporting and adjusting mechanism 5 under the opening state of the adjustable diaphragm 2; x-rays emitted by the target 1 are imaged on the multiple X-ray imaging plate 7 through the X-ray imaging device 4 under the closing state of the adjustable diaphragm 2; the multiple X-ray images on the multiple X-ray imaging plate 7 are subjected to data extraction, conversion and superposition processing by a computer, so that an intensity quasi-lossless image is obtained.
The target 1 is one of a cavity target, a ball target or a plane target used for inertial confinement fusion ICF.
In the closed state, the adjustable diaphragm 2 has a light limiting aperture larger than the size of the target 1 and smaller than the boundary size of the X-ray imaging device 4.
The auxiliary aiming device 3 is one of a double-light-path aiming device, a lens aiming device or a multi-section limiting aiming device.
The X-ray imaging device 4 is one of a pinhole and an array thereof, a slit and an array thereof, a special-shaped hole and an array thereof, a KB mirror or a bent crystal for X-ray imaging in the inertial confinement fusion ICF.
The support and adjustment mechanism 5 performs planar displacement based on the planar X-axis and Y-axis, and flipping based on the planar X-axis and Y-axis, on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the auxiliary sighting device 3.
The shielding cylinder 6 is made of lead, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is larger than 5mm.
The number of imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plate 7 is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8, and the model number of the imaging plates is one of MS, SR or TR.
The imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plates 7 are stuck together and placed at the imaging position of the X-ray imaging device 4; the X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV is single-energy or mixed X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the target 1 is a planar target used for inertial confinement fusion ICF; the auxiliary aiming device 3 is a double-light-path aiming device; the X-ray imaging device 4 is a pinhole for X-ray imaging in an inertial confinement fusion ICF; the thickness of the wall of the shielding cylinder 6 is 6mm; the number of imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plates 7 is 3, and the model number of the imaging plates is SR; the X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV is mixed X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-25 keV.
The center of the adjustable diaphragm 2, the center of the auxiliary sighting device 3, the center of the supporting and adjusting mechanism 5, the center of the shielding cylinder 6 and the center of the multiple X-ray imaging plate 7 are on the same straight line. The supporting and adjusting mechanism 5 is matched with the auxiliary aiming device 3 to realize the aim of the auxiliary X-ray imaging device 4 on a target under the visible light illumination condition before an experiment, because the clear aperture (in the order of tens of micrometers) of the X-ray imaging device 4 is small, and the aim is difficult to realize; then, a target shooting experiment is carried out, the target 1 emits mixed X rays of 50 eV-25 keV, and the mixed X rays are imaged on the multiple X-ray imaging plate 7 through the X-ray imaging device 4. The X-ray imaging device 4 here is a commonly used imaging device on a large laser device of the nerve III prototype in the field of ICF research, which is a pinhole with a diameter of 50 um.
In inertial confinement fusion ICF experimental research, an X-ray pinhole imaging technology is widely used for monitoring the time and space distribution conditions of various instantaneous radiation X-ray intensities released in the processes of laser-plasma interaction, X-ray ablation of a target material, microsphere target implosion and the like, and has important significance for ICF experimental research as a conventional diagnosis technology. The current X-ray image receiving device matched with pinhole imaging mainly comprises an X-ray imaging plate, an X-ray CCD and an X-ray film. However, the existing X-ray image receiving device has obvious defects, because of the strong penetrability of high-energy X-rays, for example, for an SR type X-ray imaging plate, the transmittance of 80keV X-rays exceeds 90%, while for an X-ray CCD and an X-ray film, the amount of the penetrated 80keV high-energy X-rays is inevitably not neglected according to the material properties thereof, so that the intensity information of the high-energy X-ray image extracted on the X-ray receiving device is up to 90%. In addition, the thickness of each type of X-ray imaging plate is only about 0.43 mm.
For the multiple X-ray imaging plates 7, the number of imaging plates is first defined asThe total intensity of the incident mixed X-rays is +.>The X-ray intensity of each energy point is +.>，/>To count, obviously->Defining the X-ray transmittance of the X-ray imaging plate to each energy point as +.>This value increases with increasing X-ray energy. Referring to fig. 2, the X-ray intensity absorbed by each imaging plate is:
（1）
（2）
（3）
（4）
first, theThe image has been substantially not observed on the imaging plate (submerged in the image noise floor), i.e.>Then->Thus, it is
（5）
I.e.It can be seen that a two-dimensional image with substantially no loss in X-ray intensity can be obtained by superimposing the images on each imaging plate. In order to obtain the maximum value of the number of imaging plates in practical use, define +.>The intensity of the X-rays absorbed on the imaging plate is only +.>Whereas the SR-type imaging plate has a transmittance of 80keV for X-raysThen get->. Here, the X-ray after passing through the 8 th imaging plate is ignored, and the weak absorption of the X-ray by the hydrocarbon substrate of the imaging plate is ignored, so that the invention is a quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device. It should be noted that, instead of directly summing the gray values corresponding to the images, the gray values of the images are converted into PSLs, then the PSLs of the images are added, and then the summed PSLs are converted back into gray values for display. PSL is used as a medium because PSL responds linearly to X-rays at each energy point, i.e., the intensity of X-rays at each energy point increases and the PSL value increases linearly.
The invention has been successfully applied to X-ray source calibration devices commonly used in the ICF field, in this example, the target 1 is an 8mm diameter Ag planar target. The image observed by the three-layer X-ray imaging plate in the quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device is shown in figure 3. It is apparent that the images on the imaging plates are significantly different, especially the image on the first imaging plate and the superimposed image, which physically reflects the significant differences between the actual temperature, density and morphology of the target and the observations of the existing observation devices. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device realizes quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging, improves the information quantity of the obtained X-ray image by 20%, and has wide and important application prospect.
Example 2
Example 2 is essentially the same as the embodiment of example 1, the main difference being that the target 1 is a ball target for use in inertial confinement fusion ICF; the auxiliary aiming device 3 is a lens aiming device; the X-ray imaging device 4 is a KB mirror for X-ray imaging in an inertial confinement fusion ICF; the thickness of the wall of the shielding cylinder 6 is 10mm; the number of imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plates 7 is 8, and the model of the imaging plates is MS; the X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV is mixed X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV. The invention is successfully applied to a starlight laser target device in the ICF field of China, and in the embodiment, the target 1 is a 0.6mm diameter ball target. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device realizes quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging, improves the information quantity of the obtained X-ray image by 75%, and has wide and important application prospect.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. An X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device, characterized in that: the imaging device is suitable for 50 eV-80 keV X rays and comprises an adjustable diaphragm (2), an auxiliary aiming device (3), an X ray imaging device (4), a supporting and adjusting mechanism (5), a shielding barrel (6) and a multiple X ray imaging plate (7) which are coaxially arranged;
the supporting and adjusting mechanism (5) is a cylinder which is horizontally placed, the auxiliary aiming device (3) is clamped at the front position of the cylinder and faces the target (1), and the X-ray imaging device (4) is positioned at the center of the auxiliary aiming device (3); the adjustable diaphragm (2) is annular and is positioned in front of the auxiliary sighting device (3) and is assembled with the front end face of the cylinder of the supporting and adjusting mechanism (5); the supporting and adjusting mechanism (5) adjusts the optical directions of the auxiliary aiming device (3) and the X-ray imaging device (4) through an adjuster positioned at the rear part of the cylinder; the front end of the shielding cylinder (6) is in sealing connection with the supporting and adjusting mechanism (5), the rear end of the shielding cylinder is in sealing connection with the multiple X-ray imaging plates (7), and the middle part of the shielding cylinder (6) is in smooth transition from the adjusting mechanism (5) to the multiple X-ray imaging plates (7);
the imaging device has the following working processes:
the visible light emitted by the target (1) aims the target (1) through the auxiliary aiming device (3) and the supporting and adjusting mechanism (5) under the opening state of the adjustable diaphragm (2); x-rays emitted by the target (1) are imaged on a multiple X-ray imaging plate (7) through an X-ray imaging device (4) under the closing state of the adjustable diaphragm (2); the computer is used for extracting, converting and superposing the multiple X-ray images on the multiple X-ray imaging plate (7) to obtain an intensity quasi-lossless image; the number of imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plates (7) is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 8, and the model of the imaging plates is one of MS, SR or TR; the imaging plates of the multiple X-ray imaging plates (7) are stuck together and are placed at the imaging position of the X-ray imaging device (4); the X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV is single-energy or mixed X-ray with the energy of 50 eV-80 keV;
the gray values of the respective pictures are converted into PSLs, then the PSLs of the respective pictures are added, and then the summed PSLs are converted back into gray values for display.
2. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the target (1) is one of a cavity target, a ball target or a plane target used for inertial confinement fusion ICF.
3. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the adjustable aperture (2) is larger than the size of the target (1) and smaller than the boundary size of the X-ray imaging device (4) in the closed state.
4. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary aiming device (3) is one of a dual-optical-path aiming device, a lens aiming device or a multi-section limiting aiming device.
5. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the X-ray imaging device (4) is one of a pinhole and an array thereof, a slit and an array thereof, a special-shaped hole and an array thereof, a KB mirror or a bent crystal for X-ray imaging in the inertial confinement fusion ICF.
6. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the supporting and adjusting mechanism (5) performs plane displacement based on the X axis and the Y axis of the plane and overturning based on the X axis and the Y axis of the plane on the plane perpendicular to the axis of the auxiliary sighting device (3).
7. The X-ray intensity quasi-lossless two-dimensional imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the shielding cylinder (6) is made of lead, and the thickness of the cylinder wall is larger than 5mm.
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