CN107868682A - A kind of hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L1/106—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives mixtures of inorganic compounds with organic macromolecular compounds
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1216—Inorganic compounds metal compounds, e.g. hydrides, carbides
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
- C10L1/1832—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom mono-hydroxy
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/20—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C10L1/201—Organic compounds containing halogen aliphatic bond
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2368—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2406—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium mercaptans; hydrocarbon sulfides
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
- C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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- C10L1/265—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen and/or sulfur bonds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel and preparation method, belong to aircraft fuel area.Component includes heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel and metal hydride.The present invention includes the component of following weight/mass percentage composition:Heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel:55%~86%;Metal hydride:12%~40%;Surfactant:0%~5%;Other functional additives:0%~2%.The preparation-obtained high heat absorbing type fuel density of the present invention is high(ρ20℃ ≥ 0.780g/cm3), heat sink value height(750 DEG C of effectively heat sink values are higher than 5.0MJ/kg), pyrolysis coking amount is few, has calorific value high(≥35MJ/Kg), ignition delay time is short, rapid tissue can be burnt in scramjet engine, weapon flight Mach number can be made higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of hypersonic aircraft fuel.Particularly relate to a kind of hypersonic aircraft actively
Cooled scramjet engine heat absorbing type fuel, belongs to aircraft fuel field.
Background technology
Hypersonic speed refers to that flying speed is more than 5Ma, and hypersonic missile has the advantage that compared with service missile:It hurry up
Fast striking capabilities, extremely strong penetration ability, long-range precision strike capability, powerful target Damage ability.Hypersonic speed weapon is than existing
Non- nuclear weapon have stronger power, can perform a variety of combat duties and (such as attack time critical target, destroy deep under ground target
Deng), have with nuclear weapon in general damage effectiveness, but there is the battle application and credibility more more flexible than nuclear weapon.This tool
There is the appearance of the armament systems of strategic deterrence effect, reach conventional weapon and fear the effect that war develops simultaneously.At present, the U.S., Russia,
Nearly ten countries such as France have carried out this aspect research.
During aircraft high-speed flight, overcome air drag and produce substantial amounts of heat, resulting temperature is referred to as stagnation temperature
Degree.With the increase of flying speed, viscosity retardance causes temperature to raise so that thermic load is multiplied, more than known structure material
The ability to bear of material, the heat management problems of aircraft turn into the key that witch is to be solved in hypersonic aircraft evolution and asked
Topic.Though can effectively be cooled down using mechanical refrigeration systems or non-flammable cooling agent, the load of aircraft can be added, most easily
Cooling source is the fuel entrained by aircraft, and now fuel undertakes cooling and the dual role promoted, is to restrict hypersonic speed to lead
The bottleneck of bullet development.
At present, Hypersonic Weapon fuel used predominantly Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuel and liquid hydrogen.Liquid hydrogen reaction speed is fast, single
Position quality calorific value, heat sink value are high, and specific heat capacity is raised and increased with temperature, but liquid hydrogen density is low, only 0.071g/cm3, it is single
Position volume combustion calorific value is very low, about 8.746MJ/L, can increase the design weight of aircraft, reduce payload;Meanwhile liquid hydrogen
Preparation cost it is high, poor safety performance is harsh to the container for storing and transporting and pipeline material requirement, and logistics costs demand is high,
And Cord blood and volatilization problems be present, there is significant deficiency for armament systems.
Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuel first carries out physical and chemical reaction before combustion chambers burn is entered on high-temperature component surface,
Absorb a large amount of useless so that harmful heat, own partial are decomposed into the gaseous fuel with high heating value, this entrained by it
Partially recycled energy finally discharges in a combustion chamber;On the one hand the consumed energy that rubs has been reclaimed, has improved combustion
Expect energy density, while reduce the temperature of chamber wall and fuselage again solve the problem of material selection.
Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuel has the advantages of easily storing, carry, being easy to practical application compared with liquid hydrogen, but cools down energy
Power is limited, and easy coking at high temperature, and so as to influence the normal work of engine, while its chemical reaction velocity is slow (slower than hydrogen
3~5 orders of magnitude), calorific value it is low (calorific value of unit mass only has the 1/3 of hydrogen).It is mainly shown as the effectively heat sink value of fuel
The thermal management requirements of High Mach number aircraft can not be met, fuel ignition, combustibility have to be hoisted, fuel engineering application difficulty
Greatly.
Hypersonic Weapon developing goal is " higher, faster, farther ".Develop a kind of high heat sink, high heating value, burning
The high heat absorbing type fuel of indoor energy fast reaction, promote demand extremely urgent to adapt to medium-long term near space.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of existing heat absorbing type fuel, there is provided a kind of high-energy, high density, height
Heat sink value, low coking amount, the hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel that energy rapid tissue burns in combustion chamber.
The present invention also aims to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel.
Design philosophy of the present invention is to add metal hydride in existing Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuel, utilizes metal hydride
High heat sink value improves the heat absorption capacity of fuel;The heat transfer property of fuel is improved using metal hydride solid particle;Utilize metal
The high heating value of hydride improves the calorific value of fuel;Utilize metal hydride high-temperature split product high activity metal, H2Fired Deng raising
Shots fire, combustibility;Improve the combination property of fuel using other additives.So that new high heat absorbing type fuel is simultaneously full
Sufficient aircraft cooling and propulsion dual requirementses, simplify Flight Vehicle Design structure, realize that aircraft overall plan closes.
The technical scheme is that:A kind of hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel, its component include heat absorbing type
Liquid carbon hydrogen fuel and metal hydride.
The present invention includes the component of following weight/mass percentage composition:
Heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel:55%~86%;
Metal hydride:12%~40%;
Surfactant:0%~5%;
Other functional additives:0%~2%.
Heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel of the present invention is oil rectifying product or artificial synthesized hydro carbons or two based compositions;
The oil rectifying product is alkane, the wherein mixture of cycloalkane composition, arene content≤5%.
Oil rectifying product of the present invention is No. 1 jet fuel(RP-1), No. 2 jet fuels(RP-2), No. 3 jet combustions
Material(RP-3), Number 4 jet fuel(RP-4), No. 5 jet fuels(RP-5)Deng the one or more in jet fuel.
Synthin fuel of the present invention is hanging type tetrahydrochysene dicyclopentadiene(JP-10).
Metal hydride of the present invention is LiH, AlH3、MgH2、ZrH2、B10H16、LiBH4、Mg(BH4)2、LiAlH4In
It is one or more.
Surfactant of the present invention is lauryl amine, hexadecylamine, paraffin, dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid pyrrole
Pyridine salt, dodecyl aliphatic acid, cetyl aliphatic acid, N, N '-diethyl sodium sulfonate-N, N '-two dehydrogenation fir base-a, w- bis-
It is amine, lauryl mercaptan, hexadecyl mercaptan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, CTAB, lithium stearate, soft
One or more in resin acid lithium, odium stearate, sodium palmitate.
Other functional additives of the present invention are one or both of antioxidant, cracking initiator composition.
Antioxidant of the present invention is DBPC 2,6 ditertiary butyl p cresol;The cracking initiator is bromomethane.
Hypersonic aircraft of the present invention high heat absorbing type fuel process, including two kinds of situations:
When that need to add surfactant, its preparation method is:Surfactant and 1/3 heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel are made into
Wiring solution-forming A is sufficiently mixed, metal hydride, other functional additives are sufficiently mixed with 2/3 heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel matches somebody with somebody
Into solution B, at 20 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C, under inert gas shielding, solution A is slowly added dropwise into solution B, after dripping, is stirred for
2-10 hours, hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel is made;
When that need not add surfactant, its preparation method is:In glove box, under inert gas shielding, by metallic hydrogen
Compound, heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel, other functional additives(Or do not add)Four-hole boiling flask is proportionally added into, is sufficiently mixed close
It is honored as a queen, ultrasonic mixing 2 ~ 10 hours in Ultrasound Instrument, hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel is made.
Hypersonic aircraft of the present invention is achieved unexpected compared with prior art with high heat absorbing type fuel
Technique effect, its advantage also resides in:
1)Hypersonic aircraft of the present invention is high with high heat absorbing type fuel value, and heat sink value is high(750 DEG C of heat sink values are higher than
5.0MJ/kg), fuel high-temperature cracking coking amount is low, and ignition delay time is short, rapid tissue can be fired in scramjet engine
Burn.
2)With high heat absorbing type fuel compared with liquid hydrogen, heat absorbing type fuel has close hypersonic aircraft of the present invention
Degree is high(ρ20℃ ≥ 0.780g/cm3), can storage at normal temperature, cost is low, is easy to the advantages such as practical application, for Hypersonic Weapon
Weapon mobility can be made more preferable, load one can regularly increase range or range one regularly increases payload.
3)With highly endothermic moulding mixture compared with Endothermic Hydrocarbon Fuel, fuel has hypersonic aircraft of the present invention
Calorific value is high(≥35MJ/Kg), heat sink value height(750 DEG C, effectively heat sink value is higher than 5.0MJ/kg), ignition delay time is short, can be
Rapid tissue is burnt in scramjet engine, and weapon flight Mach number can be made higher.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by way of specific embodiment, but not limiting the protection domain of patent.
Embodiment 1
0.50g octadecylamines are added in 1.83g JP-10 fuel, is sufficiently mixed after dissolving and forms solution A, in glove box,
4.00gLiBH is added in four-hole boiling flask4, 3.67g JP-10 form solution B after being sufficiently mixed, under argon gas protection, by solution A
It is added dropwise to dropwise in solution B, after dripping, is stirred for full and uniform mixing in 5 hours, hypersonic aircraft is made with highly endothermic
Type fuel, fuel density 0.909g/cm3, volume calorific value 38.1MJ/L.
Embodiment 2
By 0.25gN, N '-diethyl sodium sulfonate-N, N '-two dehydrogenation fir base-a, w- diamines is added in 2.35g RP-3 fuel, filled
Form solution A after point mixed dissolution, in glove box, 2.60gLiH is added in four-hole boiling flask, 4.70g RP-3 are sufficiently mixed
Solution B is formed after even, under argon gas protection, solution A is added dropwise in solution B dropwise, after dripping, added in mixed liquor
0.10g2,6- BHT are stirred for full and uniform mixing in 8 hours, and hypersonic aircraft is made and is fired with high heat absorbing type
Material, fuel density 0.794g/cm3, volume calorific value 37.3MJ/L.
Embodiment 3
In glove box, 1.20gLiH is added under argon gas protection in four-hole boiling flask, 8.60g RP-3,0.20g bromomethane are fully mixed
After closing sealing, ultrasonic mixing 3 hours in Ultrasound Instrument, hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel, fuel density is made
0.793g/cm3, volume calorific value 35.1MJ/L.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:Including heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel and gold Belong to hydride.
- A kind of 2. hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:It includes following matter Measure the component of percentage composition:Heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel:55%~86%;Metal hydride:12%~40%;Surfactant:0%~5%;Other functional additives:0%~2%.
- 3. hypersonic aircraft as claimed in claim 1 or 2 high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:The heat absorbing type Liquid carbon hydrogen fuel is oil rectifying product or artificial synthesized hydro carbons or two based compositions;The oil rectifying product be alkane, The mixture of cycloalkane composition, wherein arene content≤5%.
- 4. hypersonic aircraft as claimed in claim 4 high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:The oil rectifying production Product are No. 1 jet fuel(RP-1), No. 2 jet fuels(RP-2), No. 3 jet fuels(RP-3), Number 4 jet fuel(RP-4)、5 Number jet fuel(RP-5)In one or more.
- 5. hypersonic aircraft as claimed in claim 3 high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:The Synthin combustion Expect for hanging type tetrahydrochysene dicyclopentadiene(JP-10).
- 6. hypersonic aircraft as claimed in claim 1 or 2 high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:The metallic hydrogen Compound is LiH, AlH3、MgH2、ZrH2、B10H16、LiBH4、Mg(BH4)2、LiAlH4In one or more.
- 7. hypersonic aircraft as claimed in claim 1 or 2 high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:Described surface Activating agent is lauryl amine, hexadecylamine, paraffin, dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid pyridiniujm, dodecyl aliphatic acid, 16 Alkyl fatty acid, N, N '-diethyl sodium sulfonate-N, N '-two dehydrogenation fir base-a, w- diamines, lauryl mercaptan, cetyl sulphur In alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, CTAB, lithium stearate, lithium palmitate, odium stearate, sodium palmitate One or more.
- 8. hypersonic aircraft as claimed in claim 1 or 2 high heat absorbing type fuel, it is characterised in that:Other work( Energy additive is one or both of antioxidant, cracking initiator composition:The antioxidant is 2,6- di-t-butyls to first Phenol;The cracking initiator is bromomethane.
- A kind of 9. preparation method of hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel described in claim 2, it is characterised in that including Following steps:The heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel of surfactant and 1/3 is sufficiently mixed wiring solution-forming A;Metal hydride, its Its functional additive and 2/3 heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel are sufficiently mixed wiring solution-forming B, at 20 DEG C ~ 50 DEG C, inert gas Under protection, solution A is slowly added dropwise into solution B, after dripping, is stirred for 2-10 hours, hypersonic aircraft use is made High heat absorbing type fuel.
- A kind of 10. preparation method of hypersonic aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel described in claim 2, it is characterised in that including Following steps:In glove box, under inert gas shielding, metal hydride, heat absorbing type liquid carbon hydrogen fuel, other functions are added Add agent to be proportionally added into four-hole boiling flask, after being sufficiently mixed sealing, ultrasonic mixing 2 ~ 10 hours in Ultrasound Instrument, be made hypersonic Aircraft high heat absorbing type fuel.
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Cited By (5)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN108795514A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-13 | 天津大学 | A kind of heat absorbing type aviation fuel and preparation method thereof |
CN109797014A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-24 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | A kind of novel hydrocarbon fuel and the preparation method and application thereof |
CN112342065A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-09 | 信阳师范学院 | Application of organic titanate or organic silicate in improving cracking performance of hydrocarbon fuel and method |
CN114574255A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-06-03 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | High-heat-stability high-heat-deposition fuel, preparation method and application thereof |
CN115400799A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-29 | 天津大学 | Fuel additive, preparation method thereof and hydrocarbon fuel nanofluid |
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Cited By (9)
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CN108795514A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-13 | 天津大学 | A kind of heat absorbing type aviation fuel and preparation method thereof |
CN109797014A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-05-24 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | A kind of novel hydrocarbon fuel and the preparation method and application thereof |
CN109797014B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2021-04-13 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | Hydrocarbon fuel and preparation method and application thereof |
CN112342065A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-09 | 信阳师范学院 | Application of organic titanate or organic silicate in improving cracking performance of hydrocarbon fuel and method |
CN112342065B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-07-20 | 信阳师范学院 | Application of organic titanate or organic silicate in improving cracking performance of hydrocarbon fuel and method |
CN114574255A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-06-03 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | High-heat-stability high-heat-deposition fuel, preparation method and application thereof |
CN114574255B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-03-10 | 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 | High-heat-stability high-heat-deposition fuel, preparation method and application thereof |
CN115400799A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-29 | 天津大学 | Fuel additive, preparation method thereof and hydrocarbon fuel nanofluid |
CN115400799B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2023-08-01 | 天津大学 | Fuel additive, preparation method thereof and hydrocarbon fuel nanofluid |
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