CN107866242B - Preparation method of catalyst for producing maleic anhydride - Google Patents

Preparation method of catalyst for producing maleic anhydride Download PDF

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CN107866242B
CN107866242B CN201610846752.9A CN201610846752A CN107866242B CN 107866242 B CN107866242 B CN 107866242B CN 201610846752 A CN201610846752 A CN 201610846752A CN 107866242 B CN107866242 B CN 107866242B
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catalyst
maleic anhydride
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CN107866242A (en
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曾炜
顾龙勤
陈亮
赵欣
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J27/195—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with vanadium, niobium or tantalum
    • B01J27/198—Vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D307/60—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Furan Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A preparation method of a catalyst for producing maleic anhydride mainly solves the problems of small specific surface area of the catalyst and poor catalytic performance of hydrocarbon selective oxidation reaction in the prior art. The invention adopts the preparation of VOPO4·2H2O and carrying out intercalation reaction with organic structure to obtain intercalated VOPO with modulated structure4The compound is reduced and roasted and activated in a high-pressure synthesis kettle by organic alcohols to obtain the active vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst, so that the existing technical problems are well improved, and the catalyst can be used for producing maleic anhydride by selective oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons.

Description

Preparation method of catalyst for producing maleic anhydride
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a catalyst for producing maleic anhydride. The catalyst prepared by the method is particularly suitable for preparing maleic anhydride by gas-phase hydrocarbon selective oxidation.
Technical Field
Maleic anhydride (Maleic anhydride, MA) is an important organic chemical raw material, and is mainly used for producing unsaturated polyester resin, alkyd resin, 1, 4-Butanediol (BDO), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), Tetrahydrofuran (THF), and other chemicals. In addition, the method has wide application in the field of various fine chemicals.
The main method for producing maleic anhydride is gas phase oxidation. Among them, the gas phase oxidation using n-butane is one of the most important production methods of maleic anhydride.
Vanadium Phosphorus Oxide (VPO) catalysts have been by far the most effective catalysts for the catalysis of gas phase hydrocarbons, especially n-butane, to produce maleic anhydride. The industrialized VPO catalyst usually adopts a water solvent or organic solvent method to prepare a precursor VOHPO4·0.5H2And O, molding, roasting and activating the obtained precursor to obtain the final catalyst.
Early VPO catalyst precursors generally employed pentavalent vanadium oxides such as vanadium pentoxide (V)2O5) The catalyst is obtained by reaction in the presence of water and HCl, and the current VPO catalyst precursor is mainly prepared by an organic method, wherein the preparation process usually adopts pentavalent vanadium oxide and phosphoric acid in organic phaseRefluxing in solvent (mainly alcohol) to obtain precursor, in the course of which the change state of vanadium is that pentavalent vanadium oxide is reduced by organic alcohol to tetravalent vanadium oxide V2O4And the obtained tetravalent vanadium oxide and phosphoric acid are subjected to reflux reaction to obtain VOHPO4·0.5H2And O. The VPO catalyst prepared by the above conventional preparation method has high performance and has been commercialized, but the catalyst still has room for improvement of performance and heat accumulation during the reaction. In recent years Hutchings et al have employed the reaction of pentavalent vanadium oxide with water and phosphoric acid to obtain VOPO4·2H2O, then VOPO is added4·2H2Reducing O to obtain VOHPO4·0.5H2The VPO precursor prepared by the O method has larger specific surface area and can generate better catalytic performance (a new look at the active components of catalysts for the oxidation of butane, G J Hutchings, J MaterChem,2004,14, 3385). Through VOPO4The route improved VPO preparation method leads to larger specific surface area and more reasonable catalyst structure, thus possibly leading to better catalyst performance. VOPO4And VOHPO4Are layered structures, which allows the structure of the VPO catalyst to be modulated to some extent by the effect of the intercalation compound. In addition, the conventional organic alcohol reduction process is realized by heating, stirring and refluxing under normal pressure, so that the temperature of the reduction process depends on the organic alcohol used, the refluxing process is time-consuming and often long, and the influence factors in the process are many, so that the preparation stability of the catalyst is poor
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of small specific surface area and long preparation time of the existing VPO catalyst and poor catalytic performance, and aims to provide an improved maleic anhydride catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The method adopts the preparation of the intercalated VOPO4The compound further obtains a VPO technical route, so that the prepared VPO catalyst has larger specific surface area and better heat distribution characteristic, thereby having better catalytic performance; meanwhile, the reaction mode of the high-pressure kettle is adopted, so that the preparation time is shortened, and the catalysis is further improvedThe performance of the catalyst is improved, and the preparation stability is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the preparation method of the catalyst for producing maleic anhydride mainly comprises the following main steps:
1) mixing a pentavalent vanadium compound with a phosphoric acid solution diluted by water, and heating and refluxing for 2-36h to obtain hydrated vanadyl phosphate;
2) cooling the obtained hydrated vanadyl phosphate, filtering, washing with hot water and an organic solvent respectively, and drying the obtained filter cake at 110-180 ℃ to form a precursor A;
3) mixing the dried hydrated vanadyl phosphate with an organic structure at the temperature of 30-90 ℃ for intercalation reaction for 1-10h, washing and drying at the temperature of 110-180 ℃ to obtain the vanadyl phosphate for intercalation of the organic structure;
4) heating the intercalated vanadyl phosphate and the organic alcohol solvent in a high-pressure kettle in a closed manner for 2-20h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a catalyst precursor;
5) and activating the catalyst precursor to obtain the active vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst.
The vanadium compound used in step 1) of the catalyst preparation method of the present invention may be vanadium pentoxide, ammonium metavanadate or organic acid vanadium, preferably vanadium pentoxide.
The concentration of the phosphoric acid diluted by water adopted in the step 1) of the preparation method of the catalyst can be controlled to be 10-80 wt%, and 10-30 wt% is preferred.
In the preparation method of the catalyst, the organic solvent in the step 2) can be easily removed by drying, and at least one of acetone, ethanol or methanol is selected.
The intercalation organic matter in step 3) of the catalyst preparation method of the invention can be capable of reacting with VOPO4·2H2And O acts on the organic compound between the layers, wherein the organic compound comprises at least one of polyalcohol, organic amine and aldehyde ketone compound.
In the above technical solution, the preferable organic structure is selected from a mixture of a polyol compound and an aldehyde ketone compound.
In the above technical solution, the preferable organic structure is selected from ethylene glycol, 1.4-butanediol and methyl ethyl ketone.
In the above technical solution, the preferable organic structure is selected from a mixture of a polyol compound, an organic amine and an aldehyde ketone compound.
In the above technical solution, the preferable organic structure is selected from 1, 4-butanediol, methyl ethyl ketone and dodecylamine.
The organic alcohol solvent in step 4) of the catalyst preparation method of the present invention mainly refers to one or more organic alcohols with certain reducing ability, and is different from the intercalated organic matter in step 3, preferably a primary alcohol solvent, and particularly preferably isobutanol.
In the autoclave reaction in the step 4) of the catalyst preparation method, the heating temperature can be controlled between 50 and 300 ℃, the pressure in the autoclave is provided by vaporized organic solvent and inert gas which can be introduced, and the pressure is controlled between 0.1 and 3 MPa. The preferred conditions are a reaction temperature of 100 ℃ and 200 ℃ and a pressure of 0.1 to 2 MPa.
The heat treatment activation process in step 5) of the catalyst preparation method of the present invention refers to a process of obtaining an active catalyst by heat treatment under a certain atmosphere, which may be the same activation method as that used in the conventional organic method for preparing an active catalyst, and the certain atmosphere may be a mixed gas of light hydrocarbon/air, or a mixed gas of air/inert gas/water vapor, or a mixed gas of air/inert gas/carbon oxide/water vapor. The heat treatment temperature is preferably 380-500 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the VPO catalyst precursor is obtained by a preparation method of synthesizing vanadyl phosphate compound, introducing organic structure for intercalation reaction and reducing in a high-pressure kettle, and the active catalyst is obtained by heat treatment and activation, compared with the traditional preparation method, the preparation method has larger specific surface area (A)>40m2Per gram), and the conversion rate of the catalyst can reach 86.3 percent through the evaluation of the reaction for preparing maleic anhydride by oxidizing n-butane, and the highest yield of the maleic anhydride is 59.7 percent
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Detailed Description
[ example 1 ]
Adding about 0.22mol of vanadium pentoxide into 1000ml of 20 wt% phosphoric acid solution, stirring, heating the mixed solution until the mixed solution flows back, refluxing for 24h, filtering the mixed solution after heating and cooling are stopped, washing the mixed solution with hot water, washing the mixed solution with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 105 ℃ for 12h to obtain VOPO4And (4) precursor A. Adding the obtained precursor A into 400ml of ethylene glycol to react for 1h at 50 ℃ and 80 ℃, respectively, cooling, filtering, washing with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake for 20h at 120 ℃ to obtain a precursor B. And (3) placing the precursor B and 400ml of isobutanol in a small-sized high-pressure autoclave for sealing, heating to 130 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling the obtained solution, filtering, washing with isobutanol, and drying at 120 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the VPO precursor. Heating the VPO precursor to 415 ℃ in an atmosphere of 20% air/20% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor by volume ratio, roasting for 3h, and finally roasting for 3h at 450 ℃ in an atmosphere of 40% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor to obtain the active catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 40.7m as measured by nitrogen adsorption2(ii) in terms of/g. The resulting catalyst was charged at 1.5 vol% butane, 2000hr-1Evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at space velocity, the butane conversion was found to be 82.4% with a molar yield of maleic anhydride of 58.2%.
Comparative example 1
Adding about 0.22mol of vanadium pentoxide into 1000ml of 20 wt% phosphoric acid solution, stirring, heating the mixed solution until the mixed solution flows back, refluxing for 24h, filtering the mixed solution after heating and cooling are stopped, washing the mixed solution with hot water, washing the mixed solution with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 105 ℃ for 12h to obtain VOPO4And (4) precursor A. Heating the precursor A in 400ml of isobutanol to reflux and refluxing for 16h, cooling, filtering, washing with isobutanol, and drying at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain the VPO precursor. Heating the VPO precursor to 415 ℃ in an atmosphere of 20% air/20% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor by volume ratio, roasting for 3h, and finally roasting for 3h at 450 ℃ in an atmosphere of 40% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor to obtain the active catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 33.5m as measured by nitrogen adsorption2(ii) in terms of/g. The catalyst was found to be 1.5 vol%Butane feed, 2000hr-1The butane conversion rate is 79.3 percent and the molar yield of the maleic anhydride is 54.1 percent when the catalyst is evaluated in a fixed bed reactor under the space velocity.
[ example 2 ]
Adding about 0.22mol of vanadium pentoxide into 1000ml of 20 wt% phosphoric acid solution, stirring, heating the mixed solution until the mixed solution flows back, refluxing for 24h, filtering the mixed solution after heating and cooling are stopped, washing the mixed solution with hot water, washing the mixed solution with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 105 ℃ for 12h to obtain VOPO4And (4) precursor A. And mixing the precursor A with 300ml of 1, 4-butanediol, reacting at 50 ℃ and 80 ℃ for 1h respectively, cooling, filtering, washing with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain a precursor B. And (3) placing the precursor B and 400ml of isobutanol in a small-sized high-pressure autoclave for sealing, heating to 130 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, cooling the obtained solution, filtering, washing with isobutanol, and drying at 120 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the VPO precursor. Heating the VPO precursor to 415 ℃ in an atmosphere of 20% air/20% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor by volume ratio, roasting for 3h, and finally roasting for 3h at 450 ℃ in an atmosphere of 40% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor to obtain the active catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 42.5m as measured by nitrogen adsorption2(ii) in terms of/g. The resulting catalyst was charged at 1.5 vol% butane, 2000hr-1Evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at space velocity, found that butane conversion was 83.5% and maleic anhydride molar yield was 57.4%.
[ example 3 ]
Adding about 0.22mol of vanadium pentoxide into 1000ml of 20 wt% phosphoric acid solution, stirring, heating the mixed solution until the mixed solution flows back, refluxing for 24h, filtering the mixed solution after heating and cooling are stopped, washing the mixed solution with hot water, washing the mixed solution with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 105 ℃ for 12h to obtain VOPO4And (4) precursor A. And mixing the precursor A with 400ml of methyl ethyl ketone, reacting at 50 ℃ and 70 ℃ for 1h respectively, cooling, filtering, washing with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain a precursor B. And placing the precursor B and 400ml of isobutanol in an autoclave, sealing, heating to 140 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, cooling, filtering, washing with isobutanol, and drying at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain the VPO precursor. VPO precursor is prepared by mixing 20% air/20% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor by volumeHeating to 415 ℃ for roasting for 3h, and finally roasting for 3h at 450 ℃ in an atmosphere of 40% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor to obtain the active catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 40.9m as measured by nitrogen adsorption2(ii) in terms of/g. The resulting catalyst was charged at 1.5 vol% butane, 2000hr-1Evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at space velocity, found that butane conversion was 83.9% and maleic anhydride molar yield was 57.7%.
[ example 4 ]
Adding 0.22mol of vanadium pentoxide into 1000ml of 20 wt% phosphoric acid solution, starting stirring, heating the mixed solution until the mixed solution flows back, refluxing for 24h, filtering the mixed solution after stopping heating and cooling, washing with hot water, washing with acetone, drying the obtained filter cake at 105 ℃ for 12h to obtain VOPO4And (4) precursor A. And (2) mixing the precursor A with 400ml of a mixed solution of 1.4-butanediol and methyl ethyl ketone (wherein the volume ratio of the 1.4-butanediol to the methyl ethyl ketone is 2:1), respectively reacting at 50 ℃ and 70 ℃ for 1h, cooling, filtering, washing with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain a precursor B. And placing the precursor B and 400ml of isobutanol in an autoclave, sealing, heating to 140 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, cooling, filtering, washing with isobutanol, and drying at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain the VPO precursor. Heating the VPO precursor to 415 ℃ in an atmosphere of 20% air/20% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor by volume ratio, roasting for 3h, and finally roasting for 3h at 450 ℃ in an atmosphere of 40% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor to obtain the active catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 43.3m as measured by nitrogen adsorption2(ii) in terms of/g. The resulting catalyst was charged at 1.5 vol% butane, 2000hr-1Evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at space velocity, the butane conversion was found to be 85.9% with a molar yield of maleic anhydride of 58.8%.
[ example 5 ]
Adding 0.22mol of vanadium pentoxide into 1000ml of 20 wt% phosphoric acid solution, starting stirring, heating the mixed solution until the mixed solution flows back, refluxing for 24h, filtering the mixed solution after stopping heating and cooling, washing with hot water, washing with acetone, drying the obtained filter cake at 105 ℃ for 12h to obtain VOPO4And (4) precursor A. Mixing the precursor A with 400ml of 1, 4-butanediol, methyl ethyl ketone and dodecylamine solution (the volume ratio of the three is 6:2:1) to obtain a mixtureRespectively reacting at 50 ℃ and 70 ℃ for 1h, cooling, filtering, washing with acetone, and drying the obtained filter cake at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain a precursor B. And placing the precursor B and 400ml of isobutanol in an autoclave, sealing, heating to 140 ℃, preserving heat for 6h, cooling, filtering, washing with isobutanol, and drying at 120 ℃ for 20h to obtain the VPO precursor. Heating the VPO precursor to 415 ℃ in an atmosphere of 20% air/20% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor by volume ratio, roasting for 3h, and finally roasting for 3h at 450 ℃ in an atmosphere of 40% nitrogen/10% carbon dioxide/50% water vapor to obtain the active catalyst. The specific surface area of the catalyst was 45.1m as measured by nitrogen adsorption2(ii) in terms of/g. The resulting catalyst was charged at 1.5 vol% butane, 2000hr-1Evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at space velocity, the butane conversion was found to be 86.3% with a molar yield of maleic anhydride of 59.7%.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing a catalyst for the production of maleic anhydride, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
1) mixing a pentavalent vanadium compound with a phosphoric acid solution diluted by water, and heating and refluxing for 2-36h to obtain hydrated vanadyl phosphate;
2) cooling the obtained hydrated vanadyl phosphate, filtering, washing with hot water and an organic solvent respectively, and drying the obtained filter cake at 110-180 ℃ to form a precursor A;
3) mixing the precursor A and the organic structure at the temperature of 30-90 ℃ to carry out intercalation reaction for 1-10h, washing and drying at the temperature of 110-180 ℃ to obtain vanadyl phosphate for intercalation of the organic structure;
the organic structure in the step 3) is selected from a mixture of a polyalcohol compound and an aldehyde ketone compound, or is selected from a mixture of a polyalcohol compound, an organic amine and an aldehyde ketone compound;
4) heating the intercalated vanadyl phosphate and the organic alcohol solvent in a high-pressure kettle in a closed manner for 2-20h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a catalyst precursor;
5) and activating the catalyst precursor to obtain the active vanadium-phosphorus oxide catalyst.
2. The method for preparing a catalyst for use in producing maleic anhydride according to claim 1, wherein the pentavalent vanadium compound used is vanadium pentoxide, ammonium metavanadate or an organic acid vanadium; wherein, the phosphoric acid solution diluted by water adopted in the step 1) has the phosphoric acid concentration controlled between 10 and 80wt percent.
3. The method for preparing a catalyst for producing maleic anhydride according to claim 1, wherein the pentavalent vanadium compound used is vanadium pentoxide, and the concentration of phosphoric acid is controlled to 10 to 30 wt%.
4. The method for preparing a catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent in the step 2) is at least one of acetone, ethanol and methanol.
5. The method for preparing a catalyst for producing maleic anhydride according to claim 1, characterized in that; the organic alcohol solvent in the step 4) is one or more of organic alcohols with reducing capability, and is different from the intercalated organic structure in the step 3).
6. The method for preparing a catalyst for producing maleic anhydride according to claim 1, wherein the organic structure in the step 3) is selected from the group consisting of 1, 4-butanediol, methyl ethyl ketone and dodecylamine.
7. The method for preparing a catalyst for maleic anhydride production according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the autoclave reaction in the step 4) is 50 to 300 ℃ and the pressure is 0.1 to 1 MPa.
8. The method for preparing a catalyst for producing maleic anhydride according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst activation process in the step 5) is a process of obtaining an active catalyst by heat treatment under an atmosphere selected from a mixed gas of light hydrocarbon and air, or a mixed gas of air, inert gas and steam, or a mixed gas of air, inert gas, carbon oxide and steam, the heat treatment temperature of which is 380-500 ℃.
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