CN107860623B - Testing device and testing method for processing of soft rock - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for processing of soft rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN107860623B CN107860623B CN201711082822.9A CN201711082822A CN107860623B CN 107860623 B CN107860623 B CN 107860623B CN 201711082822 A CN201711082822 A CN 201711082822A CN 107860623 B CN107860623 B CN 107860623B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soft rock processing test device and a test method thereof, which are used for processing rock samples and are characterized by comprising a test bench, a lower bearing plate, a connecting rod, an upper bearing plate, a signal control module, a grindstone motor, an annular restraining device and an end face polishing module; the connecting rod adopts a telescopic structure; the two annular restraining devices are an upper annular restraining device and a lower annular restraining device respectively; the upper annular restraining device is also provided with an end face polishing device for polishing the end part of the rock sample; and a cylindrical grinding body is arranged on the grinding stone motor. The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the test device can complete the manufacture of the standard sample of the weak rock, and provides a standard sample manufacture guarantee for carrying out the basic physical and mechanical property test of the weak rock; the device has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, convenient operation, fine processing, low damage, high efficiency and reliable use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soft rock processing test device and a test method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rock sample processing.
Background
Soft rock is a complex rock-soil medium with significant plastic deformation and viscoelastic deformation in a specific environment, and is basically characterized by low strength and large deformation. Lithology is the most basic factor influencing the stability of soft rock roadway or tunnel surrounding rock, and rock strength and deformation characteristics are the basis of theoretical calculation and design of underground engineering.
The mechanical property test of the sample by adopting a rock testing machine can obtain main mechanical property parameters of the rock, such as deformation parameters (elastic modulus, Poisson ratio) and strength parameters (internal friction angle, cohesion) of the rock, and the like, which are the basis for carrying out related theoretical analysis, similar material simulation test and numerical calculation and are necessary data for carrying out researches on underground engineering supports, surrounding rock stability analysis and the like of mine roadways (chambers) or tunnels. The strength and deformation characteristics of the soft rock are disclosed, and the method has important theoretical significance and application value for analyzing the damage mechanism of the soft rock roadway or tunnel surrounding rock.
Generally speaking, if uniaxial and triaxial compression tests, triaxial unloading tests, rheological tests and the like of rocks are carried out, rock blocks or cores taken on site need to be processed into standard samples (specified in standard GBT 50266 and 2013 of an engineering rock mass test method, the size of the sample is that the rock sample is a cylindrical sample, the diameter of the sample is 48-54 mm, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the sample is preferably 2.0-2.5. (2) the processing precision of the sample is that the error of the non-parallelism of two end faces of the sample is not more than 0.05mm, the error of the diameter along the height of the sample is not more than 0.3mm, the end face is perpendicular to the axis of the sample, and the deviation is not more than 0.25 ℃).
However, for some weak rocks (mainly including mudstone, argillaceous cemented sandstone, weakly cemented rock soft rock and the like), due to poor cementation (argillaceous cementation, a plurality of internal micropores), low strength (uniaxial compressive strength is about 0-5 MPa, and part of the rocks are crushed by hand), easy weathering (the rocks can be weathered into a bulk state in a short time), and disintegration in the presence of argillaceous disintegration (the rocks can be rapidly disintegrated into a block state or a paste state after being wetted), the rocks are subjected to small construction disturbance (blasting tunneling, tunneling machine excavation, pneumatic pick rock breaking), exposure, and argillation action, are easy to break or disintegrate and break, and suitable rock blocks after blasting or tunneling machine construction can hardly be taken on site or cylinder rock samples with standard diameters can hardly be taken through a core drilling machine.
At present, the diameter of the geological drill bit of 60-220 mm is adopted for coring usually, the diameter of the drilled rock core is about 70-200 mm, the coring rate of weak rocks is improved to a certain extent, and the coring effect is ensured. However, if the rock block or the large-diameter cylindrical rock sample taken on site is made into a standard sample required by the test, a core-taking machine is required to perform coring (core sleeving) for the 2 nd time, then a slicing machine is adopted to cut the rock core taken out by the core-taking machine (ensuring that the rock sample is not too long and is convenient for subsequent polishing), then a stone grinder is adopted to grind and level the end face of the rock sample cut by the slicing machine, and because the core-taking machine, the slicing machine and the stone grinder are required to be cooled by water in the working process, the rock sample is accelerated to be broken or even destroyed by exposure and weathering and water argillization in the processing process, and because of the continuous vibration influence of mechanical disturbance on the rock sample, the rock block or the large-diameter cylindrical rock sample is difficult or almost impossible to be made into the standard rock sample by the coring mode, so that the conventional rock processing method (core-taking machine is adopted), Slicer cutting, stone grinder grinding) to make a standard sample of weak rock with a very low success rate and the quality of the rock sample is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the development of a soft rock processing test device is necessary, and the standard sample manufacturing guarantee can be provided for the development of the basic physical and mechanical property test of the soft rock.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a soft rock processing test device and a test method thereof, and solve the problems of complicated sampling and reprocessing of soft rock and complex processing procedure in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
a soft rock processing test device is used for processing a rock sample and is characterized by comprising a test bench, a lower bearing plate, a connecting rod, an upper bearing plate, a signal control module, a grindstone motor, an annular restraining device and an end face polishing module; the test bed, the lower bearing plate, the connecting rod and the upper bearing plate are sequentially connected from bottom to top; the connecting rod adopts a telescopic structure; the connecting rod is arranged between the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate through an inner hole; the two annular restraining devices are an upper annular restraining device and a lower annular restraining device respectively; the lower annular restraining device is arranged on the lower bearing plate, the upper annular restraining device is arranged on the upper bearing plate, and the upper annular restraining device and the lower annular restraining device are arranged oppositely; the upper annular restraining device is also provided with an end face polishing device for polishing the end part of the rock sample; the grindstone motor is arranged on the lower bearing plate and is close to the lower annular restraining device; the grindstone motor is connected with the signal control module through a cable; a cylindrical grinding body is arranged on the grinding stone motor; the cylindrical frosted body faces the rock sample and is used for polishing the circumferential direction of the periphery of the rock sample.
The device for processing and testing the weak rock is characterized in that each circumferential restraining device comprises an inner hoop and an outer hoop; a spring is arranged between the outer hoop and the inner hoop; the inner hoop and the outer hoop are of a retractable structure.
The device is characterized in that the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate are respectively provided with a rock sample placing large hole for placing a rock sample and fixing the outer hoop.
The soft rock processing test device is characterized in that the end face polishing device comprises a polishing sheet and a rotating handle; the rotating handle is fixed on the abrasive sheet; the rotary handle drives the end part sanding sheet to rotate through rotation, and axial sanding is carried out on the end face of the rock sample.
The soft rock processing test device is characterized in that a directional slideway is arranged on the grindstone motor; a rotating shaft is arranged in the directional slideway; the cylindrical frosted body is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft facing the rock body;
the rotating shaft is used for driving the cylindrical frosted body to rotate and slide along the directional slideway to the direction of the position of the rock sample.
The device is characterized in that the signal control module is used for regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the cylindrical frosting body and the sliding speed along the directional slideway.
The device for testing the processing of the soft rock is characterized in that the signal control module is connected with a power supply through a cable.
The device for testing the processing of the weak rocks is characterized in that the grinding stone motor is fixed on the lower bearing plate in a welding mode.
The device is characterized in that four grinding motors are arranged and are uniformly distributed around the lower annular restraining device.
A test method of a weak rock processing test device is characterized in that,
step 1) a test bed is poured by adopting cement, sand and water in a certain proportion, and a grindstone motor is fixed on a lower bearing plate in a bottom full-length welding mode;
after the test bed is maintained for 28 days, fixing the lower bearing plate on the test bed through a bottom plate bolt;
step 2) fixing the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate together through an inner hole by adopting a connecting rod, fixing the outer ring hoop in a rock sample placing large hole reserved between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate by adopting a connecting bolt, connecting the inner ring hoop and the outer ring hoop together by adopting a spring, placing the rock sample in the inner ring hoop, and providing an annular restraining force for the rock sample by using an elastic force provided by the spring and the inner ring hoop;
step 3) adopting a cable to connect a power supply, and regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the stone grinding motor through a signal control module; after the grindstone motor starts, the axis of rotation can drive the cylinder dull polish body and rotate and slide along the orientation of directional slide to the direction of rock specimen position, and then carries out three-dimensional hoop to the rock specimen and polish and make its diameter constantly reduce. Meanwhile, the rotating handle is rotated, so that on one hand, the periphery of the rock sample can be uniformly polished by the cylindrical sand polishing body, and the circumferential polishing of the rock sample is prevented from being uneven; on the other hand, the rotation of the rotating handle can drive the end part sanding sheet to rotate, and axial sanding on the end face of the rock sample can be performed.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects: the test device can complete the manufacture of the standard sample of the weak rock (mainly mudstone, argillaceous cemented sandstone and weak cemented rock soft rock), and provides a standard sample manufacture guarantee for developing the basic physical and mechanical property test of the weak rock; meanwhile, the processing test of soft rock and hard rock can be carried out. The device has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, convenient operation, fine processing, low damage, high efficiency and reliable use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the grinding wheel motor and its upper part of the device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the circumferential restraining device of the present device;
figure 4 is a top view of the upper circumferential restraining device.
The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures:
1-a test bed, 2-a lower bearing plate, 3-a bottom plate bolt, 4-an inner hole, 5-an upper bearing plate, 6-a connecting rod, 7-a rock sample, 8-a spring, 9-an inner hoop, 10-an outer hoop, 11-a rock sample placing large hole, 12-a connecting bolt, 13-a grindstone motor, 14-a directional slideway, 15-a rotating shaft, 16-a cylindrical grinding body, 17-a cable, 18-a signal control module, 19-a power supply, 20-an end part grinding sheet and 21-a rotating handle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the device structurally comprises a test bed 1, a lower bearing plate 2, a connecting rod 6, an upper bearing plate 5, a signal control module 18, a grindstone motor 13, an annular restraining device and an end face grinding module.
The test bed 1, the lower bearing plate 2, the connecting rod 6 and the upper bearing plate 5 are sequentially connected from bottom to top. Wherein, the connecting rod 6 adopts the retractable structure to in the difference in height of accepting the board and accepting the board in lower part according to the height control upper portion of rock specimen 7. The connecting rod 6 is mounted between the lower carrier plate 2 and the upper carrier plate 5 through the inner hole 4.
The annular restraining devices comprise two annular restraining devices, namely an upper annular restraining device and a lower annular restraining device. Lower hoop restraint device sets up and accepts the board in the lower part, goes up the hoop restraint device setting and accepts on the board on upper portion, and goes up the relative setting of hoop restraint device and lower hoop restraint device for rock specimen 7 can be vertical to be placed. The upper annular restraining device is further provided with an end face polishing device for polishing the end part of the rock sample 7.
Each circumferential restraining means comprises an inner hoop 9 and an outer hoop 10. A spring 8 is arranged between the outer hoop 10 and the inner hoop 9. The outer ring band 10 is fixed to the upper and lower bearing plates 5 and 2 by means of the connecting bolts 12. The inner hoop 9 and the outer hoop 10 are both retractable structures so as to be adapted to the condition that the diameter of the rock sample 7 is gradually reduced in the machining process, and effective restriction of the inner hoop 9 on the rock sample 7 in the machining process is guaranteed. In use, the circumferential restraining device may provide a circumferential restraining force on the rock sample 7 by means of the resilient force provided by the spring 8 and the inner collar 9.
The end face grinding device comprises a grinding sheet and a rotating handle 21. The rotating handle 21 is fixed on the grinding sheet, and the rotating handle 21 drives the end part grinding sheet 20 to rotate through rotation so as to grind the axial direction of the end face of the rock sample 7. The rotation of rotating the handle 21 can drive the rotation of tip dull polish piece 20, can carry out the axial of 7 terminal surfaces of rock specimen and polish for rock specimen 7 constantly reduces its diameter under hoop and the three-dimensional effect of polishing of axial.
The grindstone motor 13 is arranged on the lower bearing plate and close to the lower annular restraining device. The stone motor 13 is connected to a signal control module 18 by a cable 17. The grinding stone motor 13 is provided with a directional slideway 14, a rotating shaft 15 is arranged in the directional slideway 14, and one end of the rotating shaft 15 facing the rock mass is provided with a cylindrical grinding body 16. In this embodiment, the stone motor 13 is fixed to the lower carrier plate 2 by welding.
The rotating shaft 15 can drive the cylindrical frosting body 16 to rotate and slide along the directional slideway 14 to the position direction of the rock sample 7. The cylindrical sand grinding body 16 is used for grinding the circumferential direction of the periphery of the rock sample 7. The signal control module 18 is used for regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the cylindrical sand grinding body 16 and the sliding speed along the directional slideway 14, so that the rock sample 7 is finely ground, and the manufacturing quality and efficiency of the rock sample 7 are ensured.
The soft rock processing test method adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
step 1) pouring a test bed 1 by adopting cement, sand and water in a certain proportion, and fixing a grindstone motor 13 on a lower bearing plate 2 in a manner of welding the whole length of the bottom; after the test bed 1 is maintained for 28 days, the lower bearing plate 2 is fixed on the test bed 1 through the bottom plate bolts 3.
Step 2) fixing the upper bearing plate 5 and the lower bearing plate 2 together through an inner hole 4 by adopting a connecting rod 6, fixing an outer hoop 10 in a rock sample placing large hole 11 reserved between the upper bearing plate 5 and the lower bearing plate 2 by adopting a connecting bolt 12, and connecting an inner hoop 9 and an outer hoop 10 together by adopting a spring 8; placing the rock sample 7 in the inner hoop 9, and providing a circumferential restraining force for the rock sample 7 through the elastic force provided by the spring 8 and the inner hoop 9; the inner hoop 9 and the outer hoop 10 are of a retractable structure so as to be adapted to the condition that the diameter of the rock sample 7 is gradually reduced in the machining process, and effective constraint of the inner hoop 9 on the rock sample 7 in the machining process is guaranteed. The connecting rod 6 is also of a collapsible construction to accommodate changes in the height of the rock sample 7.
Step 3) connecting a power supply 19 by using a cable 17, and regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the stone grinding motor 13 by using a signal control module 18; after the grindstone motor 13 is started, the rotating shaft 15 can drive the cylindrical grindstone body 16 to rotate and slide along the directional slideway 14 to the direction of the position of the rock sample 7, and then the rock sample 7 is subjected to three-dimensional annular grinding to enable the diameter of the rock sample 7 to be continuously reduced. Meanwhile, the rotating handle 21 is rotated, on one hand, the cylindrical sand grinding body 16 can perform annular grinding on the periphery of the rock sample 7, and the annular grinding of the rock sample 7 is prevented from being uneven; on the other hand, the rotation of the rotating handle 21 can drive the end part abrasive disc 20 to rotate, and the axial grinding of the end face of the rock sample 7 can be carried out.
In the embodiment, the test bed is of a concrete structure, ordinary portland cement with the strength grade of 32.5-42.5 is poured according to the proportion of 1: 2.0-3.0: 0.5-0.8 of cement, sand and water, and the size (length, width and height) of the test bed is 800-1000 mm, 500-800 mm.
The upper bearing plate 5, the lower bearing plate 2, the annular sleeve, the connecting rod 6, the rotating shaft 15 and the rotating handle 21 are all made of common steel (with the specification of Q235). The thickness of the upper bearing plate 5 and the lower bearing plate 2 is 5-10 mm, the diameter of the inner hole 4 is 20-22 mm, the diameter of the middle large hole is 150-200 mm, and the size (length multiplied by width) is 400-600 mm multiplied by 400-600 mm.
The connecting rod 6 is a retractable structure, the diameter of which is 20-22 mm, and the length of which is 100-300 mm. The rotating handle 21 is made of a common steel plate, the thickness of the steel plate is 3-5 mm, the width of the steel plate is 8-10 mm, and the length of the steel plate is 100-200 mm.
The inner hoop 9 and the outer hoop 10 are of a retractable structure, the diameter of the inner hoop 9 is 50-100 mm, the wall thickness is 3-5 mm, and the height is 10-20 mm; the diameter of the outer hoop 10 is 150-200 mm, the wall thickness is 3-5 mm, and the height is 10-20 mm; the diameter of the spring 8 is 8-10 mm, the length is 40-60 mm, and the maximum deformation is 100-150 mm. The strength grade of the bottom plate bolt 3 is 5.8-8.8, and the diameter of the bolt hole is 20-28 mm; the strength grade of the connecting bolt 12 is 3.6-5.6, and the diameter of the bolt hole is 4-6 mm. The grinding stone motor 13 adopts a low-speed rotating motor, and the rotating speed is 20-50 r/min; the diameter of the rotating shaft 15 is 18-20 mm, and the length of the rotating shaft is 100-300 mm; the width of the directional slideway 14 is 18-20 mm, the length is 80-100 mm, and the slotting depth is 8-10 mm; the abrasive sheet is made of common abrasive materials (corundum, silicon carbide and the like), and the diameter of the cylindrical abrasive body 16 is 60-80 mm, and the length is 100-300 mm; the diameter of the end sanding sheet 20 is 50-100 mm, and the height is 10-20 mm.
The test device can complete the manufacture of the standard sample of the weak rock (mainly mudstone, argillaceous cemented sandstone and weak cemented rock soft rock), and provides a standard sample manufacture guarantee for developing the basic physical and mechanical property test of the weak rock; meanwhile, the processing test of soft rock and hard rock can be carried out. The device has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, low cost, convenient operation, fine processing, low damage, high efficiency and reliable use.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A soft rock processing test device is used for processing a rock sample and comprises a test bed, a lower bearing plate, an upper bearing plate and a signal control module, and is characterized by also comprising a connecting rod, a grindstone motor, an annular restraining device and an end face polishing module;
the test bed, the lower bearing plate, the connecting rod and the upper bearing plate are sequentially connected from bottom to top; the connecting rod adopts a telescopic structure; the connecting rod is arranged between the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate through an inner hole;
the two annular restraining devices are an upper annular restraining device and a lower annular restraining device respectively; the lower annular restraining device is arranged on the lower bearing plate, the upper annular restraining device is arranged on the upper bearing plate, and the upper annular restraining device and the lower annular restraining device are arranged oppositely;
the upper annular restraining device is also provided with an end face polishing device for polishing the end part of the rock sample;
the grindstone motor is arranged on the lower bearing plate and is close to the lower annular restraining device; the grindstone motor is connected with the signal control module through a cable; a cylindrical grinding body is arranged on the grinding stone motor; the cylindrical frosted body faces the rock sample and is used for polishing the circumferential direction of the periphery of the rock sample.
2. The weak rock processing test device of claim 1, wherein each of the circumferential constraining means comprises an inner hoop and an outer hoop; a spring is arranged between the outer hoop and the inner hoop; the inner hoop and the outer hoop are of a retractable structure.
3. The weak rock processing test device of claim 2, wherein the lower bearing plate and the upper bearing plate are provided with a rock sample placing large hole for placing the rock sample and the fixed outer ring.
4. The weak rock processing test device of claim 2, wherein the end face grinding device comprises a grinding sheet and a rotating handle; the rotating handle is fixed on the abrasive sheet; the rotary handle drives the end part sanding sheet to rotate through rotation, and axial sanding is carried out on the end face of the rock sample.
5. The weak rock processing test device of claim 1, wherein a directional slideway is arranged on the grindstone motor; a rotating shaft is arranged in the directional slideway; the cylindrical frosted body is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft facing the rock body;
the rotating shaft is used for driving the cylindrical frosted body to rotate and slide along the directional slideway to the direction of the position of the rock sample.
6. The weak rock processing test device of claim 5, wherein the signal control module is used for regulating and controlling the rotation speed of the cylindrical frosting body and the sliding speed along the directional slideway.
7. The weak rock processing test device of claim 1, wherein the grindstone motors are provided in 4 numbers, and are uniformly distributed around the lower circumferential restraining device.
8. A test method based on the weak rock processing test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7,
step 1) a test bed is poured by adopting cement, sand and water in a certain proportion, and a grindstone motor is fixed on a lower bearing plate in a bottom full-length welding mode;
after the test bed is maintained for 28 days, fixing the lower bearing plate on the test bed through a bottom plate bolt;
step 2) fixing the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate together through an inner hole by adopting a connecting rod, fixing the outer ring hoop in a rock sample placing large hole reserved between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate by adopting a connecting bolt, connecting the inner ring hoop and the outer ring hoop together by adopting a spring, placing the rock sample in the inner ring hoop, and providing an annular restraining force for the rock sample by using an elastic force provided by the spring and the inner ring hoop;
step 3) adopting a cable to connect a power supply, and regulating and controlling the rotating speed of the stone grinding motor through a signal control module; after the grindstone motor is started, the rotating shaft can drive the cylindrical grinding body to rotate and slide along the directional slideway to the direction of the position of the rock sample, and then the rock sample is subjected to three-dimensional annular grinding to enable the diameter of the rock sample to be continuously reduced; meanwhile, the rotating handle is rotated, so that on one hand, the periphery of the rock sample can be uniformly polished by the cylindrical sand polishing body, and the circumferential polishing of the rock sample is prevented from being uneven; on the other hand, the rotation of the rotating handle can drive the end part sanding sheet to rotate, and axial sanding on the end face of the rock sample can be performed.
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| CN110363490A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-22 | 东莞新吉凯氏测量技术有限公司 | A kind of cloud Synergistic method of the workpiece with assembly relation |
| CN111929157A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-13 | 河南景链新材料有限公司 | Method for detecting performance of pyrophyllite block |
| CN113209517A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-06 | 东风延锋盐城汽车饰件系统有限公司 | Portable vehicle-mounted storage device |
| CN114428006B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-01-30 | 中国矿业大学 | Weak cemented rock sample preparation device and preparation method |
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