CN107860470B - Detection device for high-order coherence and noise characteristics of light field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of research of microscopic statistical properties of light fields, and provides a device for researching high-order coherence and noise properties of a light field on a single photon level, which comprises a semiconductor laser, a polarization controller, a circulator, an optical fiber coupler, an adjustable optical fiber attenuator, an isolator, a half-wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a first collimating lens, an optical fiber, a second collimating lens, an optical attenuator, a focusing lens, a ground glass plate, a diaphragm, a filter plate, an attenuator, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a third beam splitter, a first single photon detector, a second single photon detector, a third single photon detector, a fourth single photon detector and a data acquisition system; the data acquisition system is connected with the signal output ends of the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the third single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector; the invention can research the high-order coherence and the noise characteristic of the light field and can be applied to the field of light field characteristic research.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of research on microscopic statistical properties of light fields, and particularly relates to a device for detecting high-order coherence and noise characteristics of a light field on a single photon level.
Background
The security of the related systems is increasingly important in many aspects such as national security and social stability of the confidential communication matters. The urgent need is provided for the information security technology and the field of confidential communication according to the 2006-2020 national information development strategy. At present, a relatively safe secret communication mechanism realized by utilizing a physical layer is quantum secret communication based on the principle of inaccuracy measurement of quantum mechanics and the basic principles of unclonable theorem and the like, and the other type is chaotic secret communication utilizing the macroscopic aperiodic fast random phenomenon and the synchronization characteristic. Based on the former secure communication system: information is encoded through quantum states, an eavesdropper cannot copy and steal information of two legal communication parties, once eavesdropping is discovered, the scheme is unconditionally safe in principle. The chaotic laser belongs to the latter type, and due to the characteristics of long-term unpredictability, noise-like, wide frequency spectrum, sensitivity to initial value, high complexity and the like, the chaotic laser meets the basic requirements of secret communication and cryptography, and has attracted extensive attention and deeply researched under the trend of high-speed development of the current information science and technology. As early as 1949, shannon theoretically proposed a "one-time pad" absolutely secure communication scheme based on which it was necessary to generate truly physical random keys in real time at high speed and to enable remote secret distribution of the keys [ see document c.e. shannon, BellSystem tech.j.28,656(1949) ]. However, the current obstacles to chaotic secure communication are focused on how to realize absolute secure remote distribution of the "one-time pad" key, the security of the system and the effective secure transmission distance. The problems affecting the safety information transmission rate, efficiency, distance, safety and the like are closely related to the characteristics of microscopic high-order coherence and noise of a deeper light field, but the research aiming at the chaotic light field at present mainly focuses on characteristics of a macroscopic time domain, a macroscopic frequency domain and the like, and the main problems faced by the chaotic light field cannot be solved fundamentally. Therefore, the micro quantum coherence and the noise characteristic of the chaotic light field become an urgent problem to be solved before the high-speed remote absolute safe chaotic secret communication is realized. In addition, in the current technical means for researching the light field, the measurement of the light field parameters reaches the microscopic quantum level, and the research feasibility is ensured. Although the HBT experiment can detect the non-classical effect of the light field, the measurement error is very large due to the limitation of the dead time and the quantum efficiency of the detector, and the deeper non-classical effect of the light field to be measured cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and solves the technical problems that: a detection device for the high-order coherence and noise characteristics of a light field on a single photon level is provided.
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a device for detecting the high-order coherence and noise characteristics of optical field is composed of semiconductor laser, polarization controller, circulator, optical fiber coupler, adjustable optical fiber attenuator, isolator, half-wave plate, polarization plateThe device comprises a beam splitter prism, a first collimating lens, an optical fiber, a second collimating lens, an optical attenuator, a focusing lens, a ground glass sheet, a diaphragm, a filter, an attenuation sheet, a first beam splitter, a second beam splitter, a third beam splitter, a first single-photon detector, a second single-photon detector, a third single-photon detector, a fourth single-photon detector and a data acquisition system; the light generated by the semiconductor laser is sequentially incident to the circulator and the optical fiber coupler after passing through the polarization controller, the light emitted from the optical fiber coupler is divided into two beams, one beam returns to the circulator after passing through the adjustable optical fiber attenuator and is fed back to the semiconductor laser through the polarization controller, the other beam is divided into two beams after passing through the isolator, the half-wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism, one beam is used as the background light and is detected by the detector, the other beam is incident to the spatial light attenuator after being coupled into the optical fiber by the first collimating lens and then is incident to the spatial light attenuator by the second collimating lens, the light which passes through the spatial light attenuator is converged by the focusing lens and is incident to the frosted glass plate with adjustable rotation speed, the light scattered by the frosted glass plate is divided into two beams by the diaphragm and the filter plate by the first beam splitter, one beam is divided into two beams after passing through the second beam splitter and is, the other beam is divided into two beams after passing through a third beam splitter and is respectively incident to a third single-photon detector and a fourth single-photon detector; the data acquisition system is connected with the signal output ends of the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the third single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector and is used for receiving the photon number n transmitted by the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the third single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector respectively1、n2、n3、n4And according to the number of photons n1、n2、n3、n4and calculating the second-order coherence, the third-order coherence and the fourth-order coherence of the light field.
The data acquisition system is based on a formulaCalculating the second order coherence g of the light field(2)(τ), said t representing time, said τ representing a firstThe relative delay of the detection time of the single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector as well as the detection time of the third single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector,< >Representing a time average.
The data acquisition system is also used for obtaining the noise intensity of the light field according to the deviation of the obtained second-order coherence from a real value predicted by theory.
The data acquisition system is based on a formulaCalculating the third-order coherence g of the light field(3)(τ1,τ2) Where t represents time, and τ1Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first and second single-photon detectors, said2Representing the relative delays in the detection times of the first and third single-photon detectors,< >Representing a time average.
The data acquisition system is based on a formulaCalculating the fourth order coherence of the light field, said t representing time, said τ1representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first and second single-photon detectors, said2Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first and third single-photon detectors, said3the relative delay of the detection time of the first single-photon detector and the fourth single-photon detector is shown, and the time average is shown.
The data acquisition system is further used for obtaining the statistical distribution of the light field according to the detection signals of the first single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the third single-photon detector or the fourth single-photon detector.
The first beam splitter, the second beam splitter and the third beam splitter are beam splitters with the transmittance and the reflection ratio of 1: 1.
the semiconductor laser is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser; the polarization controller is a three-paddle optical fiber polarization controller; the optical fiber is a single-mode optical fiber; the first collimating lens and the second collimating lens are triple lens fiber collimating lenses/couplers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a detection device for high-order coherence and noise characteristics of a light field, which is characterized in that light generated by a semiconductor laser is sequentially incident to a circulator and an optical fiber coupler after passing through a polarization controller, the light is divided into two beams by the optical fiber coupler, one beam returns to the circulator after passing through an adjustable optical fiber attenuator, chaotic light is generated by adjusting the optical fiber attenuator and the polarization controller, and the other beam is detected by four single photon detectors, so that the requirements of the detection process on the dead time and efficiency of a counter are reduced, the detection resolution time and precision are improved, and the detection device can replace a photon number-distinguishable detector.
In addition, the detection device of the invention can not only realize the measurement of the second-order coherence of the light field and the statistical characteristics of noise, but also obtain the second-order coherence of the light field with the resolution time in picosecond magnitude, and the measurement result of the second-order coherence can be more accurate than that of a double detector through a four detector; moreover, the invention can also obtain the high-order coherence and the noise characteristic of the light field, provides a new visual angle and a new method for recognizing the light field from the angle of microscopic photon statistics, and can provide a research foundation for providing the optimal condition for transmitting and distributing the safety information by the random key generated by the optical feedback chaotic light field.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a research apparatus proposed by the present invention, in which a solid line represents a propagation path of light and a dotted line represents an electrical signal;
FIG. 2 is a spectral plot of chaotic light, with solid lines representing the signal and dashed lines representing the noise floor;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of the chaotic light;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the second order coherence of a chaotic light field as a function of delay time;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the third-order and fourth-order coherence degree as a function of delay time of a chaotic light field measured by the device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a photon statistical distribution diagram of the single photon detector for respectively detecting the laser field, the thermo-optic field and the chaotic light field when the average photon number is 2;
In the figure, 1-semiconductor laser; 2-a polarization controller; 3-a circulator; 4-optical fiber coupler; 5-adjustable optical fiber attenuator; 6, an isolator; 7, a half-wave plate; 8-a polarizing beam splitting prism; 9-a first collimating lens; 10-an optical fiber; 11-a second collimating lens; 12-an optical attenuator; 13-first 45 degree entrance mirror; 14-a second 45 degree entrance mirror; 15-a focusing lens; 16-ground glass sheets; 17-a diaphragm; 18-a filter; 19-an attenuation sheet; 20-a first beam splitter; 21-a second beam splitter; 22-a first single photon detector; 23-a second single photon detector; 24-a third beam splitter; a first beam splitter; 25-a third single photon detector; 26-a fourth single photon detector; 27-data acquisition system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a solid line represents a propagation path of light, and a dotted line represents an electrical signal. As shown in fig. 1, the chaotic light field high-order coherence and noise characteristic study device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a semiconductor laser 1, a polarization controller 2, a circulator 3, an optical fiber coupler 4, an adjustable optical fiber attenuator 5, an isolator 6, a half-wave plate 7, a polarization beam splitter prism 8, a first collimating lens 9, an optical fiber 10, a second collimating lens 11, an optical attenuator 12, a focusing lens 15, a ground glass plate 16, a diaphragm 17, a filter plate 18, an attenuator plate 19, a first beam splitter 20, a second beam splitter 21, a third beam splitter 24, a first single photon detector 22, a second single photon detector 23, a third single photon detector 25, a fourth single photon detector 26, and a data acquisition system 27; the above-mentionedLight generated by a semiconductor laser 1 is sequentially incident to a circulator 3 and an optical fiber coupler 4 after passing through a polarization controller 2, the light emitted from the optical fiber coupler 4 is divided into two beams, one beam returns to the circulator 3 after passing through an adjustable optical fiber attenuator 5 and is fed back to the semiconductor laser 1 through the polarization controller 2, the other beam is divided into two beams after passing through an isolator 6, a half-wave plate 7 and a polarization beam splitter prism 8, one beam is detected by a detector as background light, the other beam is coupled into an optical fiber 10 through a first collimating lens 9 and then is incident to a spatial light attenuator 12 through a second collimating lens 11, the light passing through the spatial light attenuator 12 is reflected by a first 45-degree incident reflector 13 and a second 45-degree incident reflector 14, is converged by a focusing lens 15 and then is incident to a ground glass 16 with adjustable rotating speed, the light scattered by the ground glass 16 is divided into two beams through a diaphragm 17 and a filter 18 by the first beam splitter 20, one of the beams is divided into two beams after passing through a second beam splitter 21, and the two beams are respectively incident to a first single-photon detector 22 and a second single-photon detector 23, and the other beam is divided into two beams after passing through a third beam splitter 24, and the two beams are respectively incident to a third single-photon detector 25 and a fourth single-photon detector 26; the data acquisition system 27 is connected with the signal output ends of the first single-photon detector 22, the second single-photon detector 23, the third single-photon detector 25 and the fourth single-photon detector 26, and is used for receiving the photon number n transmitted by the first single-photon detector 22, the second single-photon detector 23, the third single-photon detector 25 and the fourth single-photon detector 26 respectively1、n2、n3、n4。
In the embodiment of the invention, the chaotic laser can be formed by adjusting the adjustable optical fiber attenuator 5 and the polarization controller 2. The polarization controller 2 is used for adjusting the polarization direction of the feedback light field to enable the feedback light to be coupled with the light field in the laser cavity as much as possible, and the adjustable optical fiber attenuator 5 is used for controlling the intensity of the feedback light. The first 45-degree incidence mirror 13 and the second 45-degree incidence mirror 14 can adjust the incidence position and angle of the light beam, so that the light path is easy to adjust. In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the ground glass sheet 16 with adjustable rotating speed is arranged, so that the coherence time of the light field can be adjusted, and the purpose of researching chaotic light fields with different characteristics is achieved. The light beam scattered by the frosted glass sheet 17 can select a specific incidence direction through the diaphragm 17, and the filter sheet 18 is used for filtering stray light.
Wherein, the data acquisition system 27 receives the photon number n detected by the four single photon detectors1、n2、n3、n4Then, the second order coherence, the third order coherence and the fourth order coherence of the light field can be calculated according to the first order coherence, the third order coherence and the fourth order coherence. Wherein the second order degree of coherence g(2)The formula for the calculation of (τ) is:
in the formula (1), t represents time, τ represents a relative delay of the detection time of the first and second single-photon detectors 22 and 23 and the third and fourth single-photon detectors 25 and 26, and < > represents time averaging.
Third order degree of coherence g(3)(τ1,τ2) The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
In the formula (2), t represents time, and τ1Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first and second single-photon detectors, said2Representing the relative delays in the detection times of the first and third single-photon detectors,< >Representing a time average.
Fourth order degree of coherence g(4)(τ1,τ2,τ3) The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
In the formula (3), t represents time, and τ1Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first and second single-photon detectors, said2representing the first and third single-photon detectorsthe relative delay of the detection time of said unit3Representing the relative delays in the detection times of the first and fourth single-photon detectors,< >representing a time average.
In addition, since the second order coherence of the optical field directly reflects the fluctuation of the intensity of the optical field, the second order coherence g obtained can be used(2)(τ) the magnitude of the deviation from the true value predicted by theory to obtain the intensity of the noise in the light field, wherein the larger the deviation is, the larger the fluctuation of the noise is. According to the embodiment of the invention, the two-path single photon detection coherence technology is utilized to realize the measurement of the second-order coherence and the noise statistical property of the chaotic light field, so that the second-order coherence of the light field with the resolution time in picosecond magnitude can be obtained, and the second-order coherence is more accurate than that of a dual detector by utilizing a multi-detector.
In addition, the statistical distribution of the optical field can be obtained according to the detection signals of the first single-photon detector 22, the second single-photon detector 23, the third single-photon detector 25 or the fourth single-photon detector 26.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first beam splitter 20, the second beam splitter 21, and the third beam splitter 24 are beam splitters having a transmittance and a reflectance of 1: 1.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor laser 1 is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser; the polarization controller 2 is a three-paddle optical fiber polarization controller; the optical fiber 10 is a single mode optical fiber; the first collimating lens 9 and the second collimating lens 11 are triple lens fiber collimating lenses/couplers.
fig. 2 is a spectrogram of the chaotic light obtained by the detection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which a solid line represents a signal and a dotted line represents a noise floor, and a spectral bandwidth of the chaotic light is obtained from the spectrogram. The spectrogram of the chaotic light can be obtained by detecting the background light through a detector; as shown in fig. 3, which is a timing chart of the chaotic light obtained by the detection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, the intensity of the cycle of the chaotic light is obtained from the timing chart. As shown in fig. 4, it is a diagram of a second-order coherence of a chaotic light field as a function of delay time obtained by the detection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 5, it is a graph of the third-order and fourth-order coherence degree as a function of delay time of the chaotic light field obtained by the detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the photon statistical distribution maps of the detected laser field, the thermal light field and the chaotic light field when the average photon number is 2 are shown, and the photon statistical distribution maps of the single photon detector respectively detected the laser field, the thermal light field and the chaotic light field when the average photon number is 2 are shown; three light fields can be distinguished by statistical distribution.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The device for detecting the high-order coherence and the noise characteristic of the light field is characterized by comprising a semiconductor laser (1), a polarization controller (2), a circulator (3), an optical fiber coupler (4), an adjustable optical fiber attenuator (5), an isolator (6), a half-wave plate (7), a polarization beam splitter prism (8), a first collimating lens (9), an optical fiber (10), a second collimating lens (11), an optical attenuator (12), a focusing lens (15), a ground glass plate (16), a diaphragm (17), a filter plate (18), an attenuation plate (19), a first beam splitter (20), a second beam splitter (21), a third beam splitter (24), a first single photon detector (22), a second single photon detector (23), a third single photon detector (25), a fourth single photon detector (26) and a data acquisition system (27);
Light generated by the semiconductor laser (1) sequentially enters the circulator (3) and the optical fiber coupler (4) after passing through the polarization controller (2), light emitted from the optical fiber coupler (4) is divided into two beams, one beam returns to the circulator (3) after passing through the adjustable optical fiber attenuator (5) and is fed back to the semiconductor laser (1) through the polarization controller (2), the other beam is divided into two beams after passing through the isolator (6), the half-wave plate (7) and the polarization beam splitter prism (8), one beam is used as background light and is detected by the detector, the other beam is coupled into the optical fiber (10) through the first collimating lens (9) and then enters the semiconductor laser (12) through the second collimating lens (11), the light passing through the optical attenuator (12) is converged through the focusing lens (15) and then enters the ground glass sheet (16) with adjustable rotating speed, and the light scattered by the ground glass sheet (16) passes through the diaphragm (17), The filter plate (18) is divided into two beams of light by a first beam splitter (20), one beam of light is divided into two beams of light after passing through a second beam splitter (21) and is respectively incident to a first single-photon detector (22) and a second single-photon detector (23), and the other beam of light is divided into two beams of light after passing through a third beam splitter (24) and is respectively incident to a third single-photon detector (25) and a fourth single-photon detector (26);
The data acquisition system (27) is connected with the signal output ends of the first single-photon detector (22), the second single-photon detector (23), the third single-photon detector (25) and the fourth single-photon detector (26) and is used for receiving the photon number n transmitted by the first single-photon detector (22), the second single-photon detector (23), the third single-photon detector (25) and the fourth single-photon detector (26) respectively1、n2、n3、n4And according to the number of photons n1、n2、n3、n4And calculating the second-order coherence, the third-order coherence and the fourth-order coherence of the light field.
2. The apparatus for detecting the higher order coherence and noise characteristics of the light field according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system (27) is based on the formulaCalculating a second order coherence of the light field, t representing time, τ representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first and second single-photon detectors (22, 23) and the third and fourth single-photon detectors (25, 26),< >Representing a time average.
3. The apparatus for detecting the higher order coherence and noise characteristics of the light field according to claim 2, wherein the data acquisition system (27) is further configured to obtain the intensity of the light field noise according to the deviation of the obtained second order coherence from the real value predicted by the theory.
4. The apparatus for detecting the higher order coherence and noise characteristics of the light field according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system (27) is based on the formulaCalculating the third-order coherence of the light field, wherein t represents time, and T represents1Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first (22) and second (23) single-photon detectors, tau2representing the relative delays of the detection times of the first (22) and third (25) single-photon detectors,< >representing a time average.
5. The apparatus for detecting the higher order coherence and noise characteristics of the light field according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system (27) is based on the formulaCalculating the fourth order coherence of the light field, said t representing time, said τ1Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first (22) and second (23) single-photon detectors, tau2Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first (22) and third (25) single-photon detectors, tau3Representing the relative delay of the detection times of the first (22) and fourth (26) single-photon detectors,< >Representing a time average.
6. The device for detecting the high-order coherence and the noise characteristics of the light field according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system (27) is further configured to obtain the statistical distribution of the light field according to the detection signals of the first single-photon detector (22), the second single-photon detector (23), the third single-photon detector (25) or the fourth single-photon detector (26).
7. The device for detecting the high order coherence and the noise characteristics of the light field according to claim 1, wherein the first beam splitter (20), the second beam splitter (21) and the third beam splitter (24) are beam splitters with a transmittance and a reflectance of 1: 1.
8. The device for detecting the high-order coherence and the noise characteristics of the optical field according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor laser (1) is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser; the polarization controller (2) is a three-paddle optical fiber polarization controller; the optical fiber (10) is a single-mode optical fiber; the first collimating lens (9) and the second collimating lens (11) are triple lens fiber collimating lenses/couplers.
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