CN107858991B - A kind of prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length - Google Patents
A kind of prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prediction techniques of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length, first measurement high density vegetation group width D, height h；The length in vegetation group's tail end sedimentation area is predicted according to the wide high comparison of vegetation group.The prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length provided by the invention not only simply, accurately, but also does not need to carry out sedimentation test or long-term field observation again, has wider versatility in this field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Hydraulics and River Dynamics fields, are related to a kind of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length
Prediction technique.
Background technique
Usually there is a large amount of vegetation group in natural river course, vegetation group is generally the initial growth shape of aquatic vegetation
State, plant growth are concentrated, and group shows approximate circle shape.These vegetation group is grown in river overcurrent region, usually
Floodage.Flooding vegetation group's tail end will appear complicated three-dimensional eddy structure, these whirlpools are by lateral whirlpool in the horizontal direction
Whirlpool (Karman vortex street) and vertical whirlpool along vertical line direction collectively constitute；And on rear side of vegetation group, whirlpool appearance position distance is planted
Certain distance, i.e. wake zone are had by group's tail end；Vegetation group wake zone (L is flooded in lateral whirlpool and the co-determination of vertical whirlpoolw)
Length.(xoy plane) in the horizontal direction, between vegetation group's tail end and lateral whirlpool (Karman vortex street) first time appearance position
Distance becomes Lkv, LkvWith vegetation group width (when vegetation group is approximate circle, vegetation group's width is vegetation group diameter) the close phase of D
It closes, i.e. Lkv~D.In vertical line direction (xoz plane), vegetation group's the distance between tail end and vertical whirlpool first time appearance position at
For Lvv, LvvClosely related, the i.e. L with vegetation group's height hvv~h (as shown in Figure 1).
Research has shown that for the high density of ah > 0.1 flood vegetation group [wherein: a be unit current obstruction area (=n × d,
N is the vegetation quantity of unit area, and d is the diameter of single plant vegetation)], wake flow section length (Lw) by LkvAnd LvvIt is smaller between the two
Distance determine, i.e. Lw=min { Lkv,Lvv[referring to (application No. is river vegetation group wake flows disclosed in 201710005042.8
The measurement method of section length)].This is because if Karman vortex street occurs in the position (L closer to vegetation groupkv<Lvv), it can lead
Cause horizontal direction water body transverse momentum exchange, cause the increase of wake zone posterior region flow turbulence, hinder vertical whirlpool to
Riverbed movement；On the contrary, if vertical whirlpool occurs in the position (L closer to vegetation group's tail endkv>Lvv), then it can cause cross immediately
To whirlpool (generation of Karman vortex street).For CdHigh density non-submersion vegetation group [wherein, the C of aD > 4dFor vegetation drag system
Number], only there is lateral whirlpool (Karman vortex street) in wake zone rear side.These above-mentioned whirlpools can carry suspension bed sediment and therewith transport
It is dynamic, hinder suspension bed sediment to deposit on rear side of wake zone；On the contrary, occurring in wake zone without these whirlpools, suspension bed sediment is easier
It deposits in the area.
It is downstream moved due to having continual upstream bed load sediment in natural river course, it is thinner in these silts
Suspension bed sediment particle can be deposited in the region of flow rate of water flow and the equal very little of turbulence intensity.Due to the flow velocity in vegetation group wake zone
It is relatively low with turbulence intensity, facilitate the deposition of suspension bed sediment, therefore vegetation group tail end sedimentation area and wake zone may
There are correlations；The suspension bed sediment of vegetation group tail end sedimentation area deposition can adsorb organic nutrient substance in water, be vegetational type
Vertical expansion provide nutriment, promote river channel ecology balance.But effective method can be pre- not yet both at home and abroad at present
Survey the length for flooding vegetation group's tail end sedimentation area.
Summary of the invention
For in currently available technology, it is difficult to predict the technologies of river high density vegetation group's tail end sedimentation zone length
Status, the purpose of the present invention are intended to provide a kind of prediction technique, to realize geometric dimension (vegetation group's height h by vegetation group
And width D) river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length is effectively predicted.
Basic ideas of the present invention are to be directed to flow velocity U0High density vegetation group, passes through simulation first in the river of > 0cm/s
A large amount of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section lengths are tested in sedimentation test and flow velocity measurement work, and according to statistical result
Decision condition relevant to vegetation group's geometric dimension is provided, then vegetation group's tail end silt is flooded by the unknown river of the decision condition
Deposition section length is predicted.
Based on foregoing invention thinking, the present invention provides a kind of prediction sides of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) river water body flow velocity U is measured0If U0> 0cm/s, and Suspended Sedimentation Concentration is greater than 75g/m3, enter step
(2), if U0=0cm/s or Suspended Sedimentation Concentration are not more than 75g/m3, EP (end of program)；
(2) measurement vegetation group perpendicular to the transverse width D in river direction, height h, unit area vegetation quantity n and
The diameter d of single plant vegetation, and calculate the unit current obstruction area a=n × d and vegetation group's depth-width ratio h/D of vegetation group；
(3) for flooding vegetation group, judgement floods whether vegetation density ah is greater than 0.1, if ah > 0.1, illustrates to flood plant
It is high density vegetation group by group, enters step (4)；If ah≤0.1, illustrate that flooding vegetation group is low-density vegetation group, program knot
Beam；
For non-submersion vegetation group, non-submersion vegetation density η=C is determineddWhether aD is greater than 4, CdFor vegetation drag system
Number illustrates that non-submersion vegetation group is high density vegetation group, enters step (4) if η > 4；If η≤4, illustrate non-submersion vegetation group
For low-density vegetation group, EP (end of program)；
(4) vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length L is predicted according to following decision conditionDep: when vegetation group's width D is less than
Height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.1 ± 0.4) D；When vegetation group's width D is greater than height h, vegetation group
Tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.3 ± 0.5) h；When vegetation group's width D is equal to height h, LDep=2.2D or 2.2h, sentences
Determine process completion, EP (end of program).
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length, vegetation pull force coefficient CdDetermination method
It can refer to
Laboratory investigation of mean drag in a random array of rigid,
emergent cylinders,Tanino,Y.,and Nepf H.M.(2008).Journal of Hydraulic
Engineering,134(1),34–41。
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length, decision condition passes through in the step (4)
Method comprising the following steps obtain:
(A) simulation sedimentation test, in the sink by the vegetation group arrangement of known the ratio of width to height D/h, and before vegetation group
Several sheet glass weighed, sink upstream water inlet and downstream water outlet difference are placed in -2.5D~5D range setting position afterwards
Upstream water tank and downstream water tank are set, and the water body of downstream water tank constantly draws back upstream water tank by water pump, then flows through plant through sink
Downstream water tank is entered by group, constitutes independently operated water circulation system, reaches setting value to sink upstream water volume flow rate, toward downstream
Silt is added in water tank, after whole system is according to setting time end of run, takes out the sheet glass in sink and keeps it sufficiently dry
It is dry, test back glass sheet weight is weighed later；
(B) the simulation sedimentation provided according to step (A) tests process operation m times, wherein m >=2；
(C) deposition test is analyzed as a result, determining the length L in sedimentation areaDep；
C1, the sedimentation of setting position where calculating each sheet glass according to sheet glass weight before and after each simulation test
Measure Dep(i), i=1 to N, N are piece count；
C2, the repetition of sedimentation amount is not true on each position sheet glass after calculating simulation sedimentation test run m times
Qualitative ERR-R(i):
Wherein, Dep(mean)For the average sedimentation amount of each position,To m,
M is simulation sedimentation test run number；
C3, the overall error ERR for calculating sedimentation amount on each position sheet glass(i):
Wherein, ERR-I(i)For instrument error, value is the 1/2 of instrument itself error in reading；
C4 calculates the average value of sedimentation amount on all sheet glass
C5 marks vegetation group's rear side and occurs Dep for the first time(i)=Dep+ERR(i)Position, with vegetation group tail end arrive this
Length L of the length at place as sedimentation areaDep(j)；M obtained L is repeatedly tested by m timesDep(j)It is average, obtain wake zone
Average sedimentation section length
(D) flow velocity of each position in measurement vegetation group front and back, between flow velocity minimum value position and vegetation group's tail end away from
From as wake flow section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endw；
(E) decision condition is obtained
E1, the vegetation group's channel deposits deposition test simulation for carrying out different the ratio of width to height D/h, repeat step (A)-(D), respectively
Summarize sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endDepWith wake flow section length Lw；
E2, sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end is obtained according to summarized resultsDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween
Relationship LDep~Lw；Due to LwMeet following relationship: as h < D, Lw~h, and when h > D, Lw~D；Therefore, LDepMeet following
Relationship: as h < D, LDep~h, and when h > D, LDep~D；
E3, the L obtained according to step E2DepThe relationship of satisfaction, vegetation group's tail end rear side silt that step E1 is summarized
Deposit section length LDepFurther summarize and carry out data fitting, obtains the judgement of prediction vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length
Condition, when vegetation group's width D is less than height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.1 ± 0.4) D；As vegetation group
Width D is greater than height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.3 ± 0.5) h.
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length, the sheet glass of use is preferably microscope glass
Glass piece, this is because microscope slide is than relatively thin, and size is small, is placed on riverbed either sink bottom, will not be right
The deposition of suspension bed sediment generates additional effect.
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length, in the step (A), in order to more accurate
The initial operating condition of sedimentation test is controlled, since system operation time counted silt is added in simulation sedimentation test
When, preferably from sink water body hang sand density reach setting value after, system starts to run according to setting time；System operation
Time generally at least 3.5~6h, preferably 4h.
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length, in order to avoid on sheet glass silt sediment with
Water falls off, and in the step (A), is by the sufficiently dry concrete mode of the sheet glass taken out from sink, firstly, with 30-40 seconds
It at the uniform velocity switches off the pump, was at the uniform velocity allowed to dry water trough inner water with 20-30 minutes；Sheet glass in naturally dry sink again, will dry in the air later
Dry sheet glass is transferred to baking oven dries it in 50-60 DEG C completely.
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length, in the step C5, if vegetation group's tail
Dep is not satisfied in end rear side setting position(i)=Dep+ERR(i), then meeting Dep(i)>Dep+ERR(i)And Dep(i)< Dep+
ERR(i)It is obtained by way of linear interpolation between adjacent two o'clock and meets Dep(i)=Dep+ERR(i)Position, then the position with
The distance between vegetation group's tail end is the length L in the sedimentation area of this sediment experimentDep(j)。
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length, it has been investigated that, it is same under identical operating condition
The flow velocity measurement result difference very little of position, for LwValue for have little effect, but in order to avoid mobile current meter
The influence popped one's head in sedimentation, therefore identical feelings are tested with sedimentation in all experimental conditions in the step (D)
Individually carry out primary simulation sedimentation test under condition and carries out flow velocity measurement；Preferably, in flow velocity measurement process, vegetation group
The each position in front and back three positions of vertical upper selection measure longitudinal flow velocity using ADV, later by the measurement stream of vertical three positions
Speed averagely obtains mean flow rate；The mean flow rate of each position in vegetation group front and back summarizes to obtain mean flow rate genesis analysis, wherein
The length L of the distance between the minimum value position of mean flow rate and vegetation group's tail end as wake zonew.Vegetation group's wake flow section length
The conventional means that can also disclose with reference to this field of determination method, such as application No. is disclose in 201710005042.8
River vegetation group wake zone measurement of length method.
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length, in the step E2, by different the ratio of width to height
Sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end of D/hDepWith wake flow section length LwData fitting is carried out, vegetation group's tail end is obtained
Rear side sedimentation section length LDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween relationship be LDep=(1.45 ± 0.14) Lw。
The prediction technique of above-mentioned river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length, in the step E2, LwThe relationship of satisfaction
[as h < D, Lw~h (LwIt is related to h), and when h > D, Lw~D (LwIt is related to D)] refer to Shelter behind two-
dimensional solid and porous fences,Perera,M.(1981),Journal of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 8,93-104 and The wake structure behind a
porous obstruction and its implications for deposition near a finite patch of
emergent vegetation,Chen,Z.,Ortiz,A.C.,Zong,L.,and Nepf,H.M.(2012),Water
Resources Research, 48, W09517.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention provides a kind of simple and accurate prediction techniques, it is only necessary to according to river high density vegetation group's width
And height, prediction can be realized to the length in vegetation group's tail end sedimentation area；
2, river provided by the invention is flooded by the prediction technique of group's tail end sedimentation section length, it is only necessary to which vegetation is flooded in measurement
Group's width (D) and height (h) predict the length in vegetation group's tail end sedimentation area by flooding the wide high comparison of vegetation group, no
It needs to carry out again sedimentation test or long-term field observation, there is wider versatility in this field；
3, in decision condition acquisition methods provided by the invention, carry out sedimentation using sink, suspended particulate etc. and test,
Sedimentation sample is collected using the microscope slide for being distributed in vegetation group front and back setting position simultaneously, before weighing test
The weight of back glass sheet obtains the net deposition of silt of each position, and then the net deposition of silt according to a position obtains silt
Deposition position, to obtain the length in vegetation group's tail end sedimentation region, test accuracy rate with higher；The present invention is directed to
Each group of sedimentation test repeats at least twice, to further increase test accuracy rate；
4, in decision condition acquisition methods provided by the invention, first by mud on rear side of vegetation group's tail end of different the ratio of width to height D/h
Sand deposition section length LDepWith wake flow section length LwSummarized, find relationship between the two, further utilizes the wake flow head of district
Spend LwIt is final to obtain sedimentation section length L with the relationship between vegetation group's width D and height hDepWith vegetation group's width D and height
Degree h between relationship can be realized by a variety of means of testing since wake zone test effect is obvious, therefore, can be true
The validity of test result is protected, the accuracy of later period prediction result is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to flood vegetation group tail end sedimentation area generally to change schematic diagram with whirlpool, wherein (a) is to flood vegetation group's tail end
Sedimentation area and lateral whirlpool top view；It (b) is to flood vegetation group tail end sedimentation area and vertical whirlpool side view.
Fig. 2 be vegetation group front and back microscope slide distribution schematic diagram, wherein (a) be 10 centimetres of width vegetation group and
Sheet glass arrangement；It (b) is 5 centimetres of width of vegetation group and sheet glass arrangement.
Fig. 3 is the net deposition longitudinal direction of silt for flooding vegetation group each setting position (width D=5cm, height h=3cm)
Distribution map.
Fig. 4 is to flood vegetation group's wake zone dimensionless mean flow rate and turbulence intensity genesis analysis schematic diagram, wherein (a) is
H=3,11 Hes > 14cm vegetation group dimensionless mean flow rate genesis analysis schematic diagram (b) are h=3,11 Hes > 14cm vegetation group
Dimensionless be averaged turbulence intensity genesis analysis.
Fig. 5 is that vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length (L is flooded under 12 groups of operating condition of testDep) become with vegetation group's the ratio of width to height
Change schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description is carried out below with reference to technical solution of the attached drawing to various embodiments of the present invention, it is clear that is retouched
Stating embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, originally
Field those of ordinary skill obtained all other embodiment without making creative work, belongs to this hair
Bright protected range.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is tested to determine the prediction river vegetation group tail end sedimentation head of district by simulating riverway sedimentation
The decision condition of degree.
1. test objective
The length in vegetation group's tail end sedimentation area under 12 groups of working conditions, the test that will acquire are determined by flume test
As a result summarize, propose the prediction technique of high density vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length.
2. testing equipment
Capital equipment is as shown in table 1.
The instrument and equipment that 1 sedimentation test of table and flow velocity measurement use
3. operating condition of test
2 sedimentation of table test and ADV flow velocity Test Cycle
| Operating condition | U0(cm/s) | D(cm) | h(cm) | H(cm) | h/H | h/D | State |
| 1 | 9.1 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 0.21 | 0.6 | It floods |
| 2 | 9.1 | 5 | 5 | 14 | 0.36 | 1 | It floods |
| 3 | 9.1 | 5 | 7 | 14 | 0.5 | 1.4 | It floods |
| 4 | 9.1 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 0.62 | 1.8 | It floods |
| 5 | 9.1 | 5 | 11 | 14 | 0.79 | 2.2 | It floods |
| 6 | 9.1 | 5 | >14 | 14 | 1 | 0.6 | Non-submersion |
| 7 | 9.1 | 10 | 3 | 14 | 0.21 | 0.4 | It floods |
| 8 | 9.1 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 0.36 | 0.7 | It floods |
| 9 | 9.1 | 10 | 7 | 14 | 0.50 | 1.0 | It floods |
| 10 | 9.1 | 10 | 9 | 14 | 0.64 | 1.3 | It floods |
| 11 | 9.1 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 0.79 | 1.6 | It floods |
| 12 | 9.1 | 10 | >14 | 14 | 1 | 0.4 | Non-submersion |
Wherein: (1) U in table0For the upstream mean flow rate after model stability, D indicates vegetation group width, and (when vegetation, group is approximate
When round, vegetation group's width is vegetation group diameter), h and H respectively indicate vegetation group height and the depth of water；
(2) operating condition 6 and 12 is non-submersion vegetation group, and other operating conditions are to flood vegetation group.
12 groups of vegetation group model duty parameters are as shown in table 2, wherein unit current obstruction area a=0.51cm-1.So flooding
The vegetation group of operating condition 1-5 and 7-11 meet ah=1.5-5.6,6 (C of non-submersion operating conditiond=3.41) and 12 (C of operating conditiond=3.29)
Vegetation group meets η=CdAD is 8.7 and 16.8.Because all meeting the condition of ah > 0.1 and η > 4, operating condition 1-12 is highly dense
Spend vegetation group.
4. test method
It is described further using the 7 pairs of test acquisitions of operating condition 1 and operating condition and data processing, every group of operating condition is completed 2 times.
It is provided in this embodiment obtain prediction vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length decision condition process include with
Lower step:
(A) simulation sedimentation test
Carry out test with microscope slide, suspension bed sediment particle, vegetation group and experimental tank, and then determines vegetation group
The net deposition of suspension bed sediment of front and back each setting position test front and back.
The specific implementation of this step include it is following step by step:
All microscope slides (operating condition 1 is 12, and operating condition 7 is 20) front and back sides are cleaned up, are put into oven by A1
Middle drying at least 24 hours to guarantee moisture evaporating completely；Then, sheet glass is taken out to the glass before the lower test of successively weighing record
Glass piece initial weight.
Vegetation group is arranged in the PVC board in sink by A2, and the front and back that the sheet glass weighed is arranged in vegetation group is set
It counts position (such as attached drawing 2), as vegetation group width D=10cm, 5 sheet glass is set in front of vegetation group, vegetation group's rear side is set
Set 15 sheet glass；As vegetation group width D=5cm, 3 sheet glass, vegetation group's rear side setting 9 are set in front of vegetation group
Sheet glass；Regardless of which kind of situation, the distance between vegetation group front end and the farthest sheet glass of its front distance between 2D and 3D,
Vegetation group rear end and rear side apart from the distance between farthest sheet glass between 4D and 6D, to ensure comprising vegetation tail end mud
Husky crystallizing field；After having placed sheet glass, slowly to water tank with water before and after sink, water is allowed slowly to flood water-carrying groove and sheet glass,
It is finally reached design experiment depth of water H, is then turned on water pump, the water body of downstream water tank constantly draws back upstream water tank by water pump, then
Vegetation group is flowed through through sink and enters downstream water tank, until the stable i.e. upstream mean flow rate of entire water circulation system reaches design value
U0。
A3 is slowly added to the downstream water tank of sink, hangs sand after being sufficiently mixed the outstanding husky powder of 93.4g with water in measuring cup
Particle passes through the stirring and the more full and uniform mixing of water of pump, and the water of entire sink and former and later two water tanks can hang sand being added
Particle is sufficiently mixed after 3 minutes, so that the outstanding husky density of whole system reaches 105g/m3；Start that whole system is allowed to run 4 since then
Hour.
A4, after system is run 4 hours, slowly closing water pump, will be in sink to avoid wave effect test result is generated
After water is slowly allowed to dry, they are transferred to drying after sheet glass dries substantially by microscope slide in naturally dry sink
In case, it is dried completely.
A5, the glass sheet weight after weighing drying.
(B) process operation is tested twice (m=2) according to the simulation sedimentation that step (A) provides.
(C) deposition test is analyzed as a result, determining the length L in sedimentation areaDep。
The specific implementation of this step include it is following step by step:
C1, the suspension bed sediment of setting position where calculating each sheet glass according to sheet glass weight before and after each simulation test
The net sedimentation amount Dep of particle(i), i=1 to N, N are piece count.
C2, after calculating simulation sedimentation test run twice, the repetition uncertainty ERR- of each position sheet glass
R(i), ERR-R(i)For the net sedimentation amount Dep of double repeated experiment suspension bed sediment particle(i)With each position suspension bed sediment particle
Average net sedimentation amountMean absolute error
J=1 to m, m are simulation sedimentation test run number；Instrument error 0.5 × 10-4G, for 2.5 centimetres of 2.5 cm x
For microscope slide, ERR-I(i)=0.008mg/cm2；Therefore the overall error of each position sheet glass
C3, the average value of the net sedimentation amount of all sheet glass
C4, more each net sedimentation amount Dep in position(i)With the average deposition amount Dep+ERR for considering error(i)Size
Relationship, if Dep(i)>Dep+ERR(i), illustrate that net sedimentation amount is greater than average value at the position i, that is, thinks that mud has occurred at this
Sand deposition；If Dep(i)< Dep+ERR(i), illustrate that net sedimentation amount is less than average value at the position i, that is, thinks do not have at this
Sedimentation has occurred；And it provides vegetation group's rear side and occurs Dep for the first time(i)=Dep+ERR(i)Position, with from vegetation group tail
Hold length herein as the length L in sedimentation areaDep(j)；If setting position is not satisfied on rear side of vegetation group's tail end
Dep(i)=Dep+ERR(i), then meeting Dep(i)>Dep+ERR(i)And Dep(i)< Dep+ERR(i)Pass through line between adjacent two o'clock
The mode of property interpolation, which obtains, meets Dep(i)=Dep+ERR(i)Position, then the position and vegetation group's the distance between tail end are
The length L in sedimentation areaDep(j).Fig. 3 gives net sedimentation amount Dep under the conditions of operating condition 1(i)Genesis analysis, it is relatively every
A net sedimentation amount Dep in position(i)With the average deposition amount Dep+ERR for considering error(i)Size relation；Vegetation group rear side certain
(Dep when a position net deposition occurs equal to average value for the first time(i)=Dep+ERR(i)), between the point and vegetation group's tail end
The length L in distance as sedimentation areaDep(j), setting position where not being sheet glass due to the point can pass through linear interpolation
Show that the point appears in point A (Dep(i)>Dep+ERR(i)) and point B (Dep(i)< Dep+ERR(i)) between.Therefore, two groups of tests obtain
The L takenDep(j)Average value is sedimentation area (LDep)。
C5, implementation steps C1-C4 obtains the sedimentation section length L of every group of operating condition vegetation group in every group of operating conditionDep。
(D) flow speed data is handled
Sedimentation test is simulated again according to step A1-A3, with the vertical of each position in ADV measurement vegetation group front and back
To velocity flow profile, wake flow section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end is determinedw, while can also explain and suspend according to longitudinal velocity flow profile
The reason of sedimentation.
The specific implementation of this step include it is following step by step:
D1, flow velocity acquisition
Same position in every group of operating condition acquires flow velocity measurement data, using vegetation height direction as z-axis direction, chooses z
=0cm is vegetation group bottom, carries out flow velocity measurement in z=1,2 and 3cm, measurement data includes each position water flow along x, y, z three
Instantaneous velocity u (t), v (t), w (t) on a direction.Measured zone is vegetation group's tail end (x=0cm) to 6 times of vegetation group's width
Position (x=6D).The sample frequency of each point and time are respectively 25Hz and 4min, to guarantee to acquire extremely at every
Few 6000 sample points, guarantee measurement accuracy.
D2: data processing
By each position it is vertical on three measurement flow velocitys along water (flow) direction (be instantaneous velocity u in the x-direction here
(t)) average to obtain mean flow rate genesis analysis later, with the minimum value position of wherein mean flow rate to the distance of vegetation group's tail end
As vegetation group's wake flow section length Lw.It is similar, by each position it is vertical on three turbulence intensities be averaged, obtain average turbulent fluctuation
IntensityGenesis analysis.TKElFor the turbulence intensity of vertical first of position,Wherein u ' (t)=u (t)-u0, v ' (t)=v (t)-v0, w ' (t)=w (t)-w0, u0、v0、
w0For the mean flow rate that ADV measuring instrument software kit is calculated,
According to mean flow rate and average turbulence intensity of the upstream without vegetation area that measurement obtains, vegetation group's tail can be calculated
Mean flow rate and average turbulence intensity in stream area account for percentage of the upstream without vegetation area, can also be by upstream without vegetation area
The turbulence intensity of acquisition is as reference, to help to identify the increase of vegetation group wake zone turbulence intensity.Fig. 4 gives vegetation group's tail
The genesis analysis for flowing area's mean flow rate and turbulence intensity, for operating condition 1 (square dot in attached drawing 4), vegetation group's wake flow section length
(i.e. the distance of the corresponding point of vegetation group rear side water body mean flow rate minimum value to vegetation group's tail end) is Lw=4 ± 2cm, and can be with
Find out that wake zone dimensionless mean flow rate (U) is only upstream mean flow rate (U0) 3% to 10%, wake zone dimensionless is average disorderly
Fatigue resistance (TKE/U0 2) it is 35% to the 39% of upstream reference value (the lateral dotted line in attached drawing 4).
Due to (x=0 to the L in vegetation group wake zonew), mean flow rate and the average equal very little of turbulence intensity, this facilitates
The deposition of suspension bed sediment particle is not after wake zone from can also be seen that mean flow rate in Fig. 4 with average turbulence intensity
It is steep to increase, but gradually increase, just the silt of deposition is promoted to be again started up when finally reaching certain flow intensity.Therefore sedimentation
The length in region should be slightly longer than the length of velocity wake region.
(E) decision condition is obtained
E1 carries out sedimentation test simulation to 12 groups of operating condition vegetation group rivers, summarizes mud on rear side of vegetation group's tail end respectively
Sand deposition section length LDepWith wake flow section length Lw。
E2 obtains sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end according to summarized resultsDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween
Relationship be LDep=(1.45 ± 0.14) Lw；Due to LwMeet following relationship: as h < D, Lw~h, and when h > D, Lw~D；Cause
This, LDepThere is also similar trend, meet following relationship: as h < D, LDep~h, and when h > D, LDep~D.
E3, the L obtained according to step E2DepThe relationship of satisfaction, vegetation group's tail end rear side silt that step E1 is summarized
Deposit section length LDepFurther summarize, is shown in Table 3；12 groups of working condition tests results in table 3 are summarised in Fig. 5, dot is that width is small
Vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length L is flooded in height (D < h)DepWith vegetation group width D ratio, in the work of D/h=0
In condition, it is believed that h is infinitely great, and dot is used to indicate non-submersion operating condition at this time；Triangulation point floods plant greater than height (D > h) for width
By group's tail end sedimentation section length LDepWith the ratio of vegetation group's height h.
3 sedimentation section length (L of tableDep) and wake flow section length (Lw) summarize
Wherein: operating condition 6 and 12 is non-submersion vegetation group.
It is fitted to obtain the decision condition of prediction vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length to data are obtained in Fig. 5, when
Vegetation group's width D is less than height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.1 ± 0.4) D；When vegetation group's width D is big
In height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.3 ± 0.5) h.
The verification test operating condition of 2 labs of embodiment
The three groups of complementary testings of the further additional designs of the present embodiment are for verifying river vegetation group's tail end sedimentation area
The validity of length prediction method.Three groups of tests are carried out in the straight sink of wide 1.2m, and depth of water 13.5cm, levelling is carried out in upstream
Equal flow velocity U0=9.5cm/s.The density of three groups of vegetation groups is identical, is a=0.2cm-1.Non-submersion vegetation group's (operating condition of design
Y1) possess η (CdAD)=8.4, meet the decision condition of the non-vegetation group (η > 4) of high density；Vegetation group (operating condition Y2 is flooded in design
And Y3) possess ah=2.2, meet the decision condition that high density floods vegetation group (ah > 0.1).Test original suspension sand grain
Concentration is 135g/m3, the test run time is 4.5 hours.Sluice, water discharge method and sheet glass drying etc. are closed after experiment
Mode is all identical as the corresponding mode of embodiment 1, and test parameters is as shown in table 4.
For three groups of operating conditions, the ratio D/h of vegetation group height and diameter is calculated first, and provided according to embodiment 1
Decision condition is predicted, the predicted value (as shown in table 4) of vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length is provided；Further according to embodiment
The test method of the step of 1 offer (A)-(E) obtains the measured value of vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length under three kinds of operating conditions
(as shown in table 4).
Table 4 verifies the sedimentation section length (L in operating conditionDep) measured value and predicted value
Three groups of verification tests show this patent propose prediction technique can accurately predict different upstreams come flow,
The sedimentation section length of different water depth, different initial suspension concentrations, different size vegetation group's rear sides.
The fieldwork data test of application examples natural river course
For the prediction technique further examined high density non-submersion with flood vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length
Practicability, the application example have carried out the measurement test of 5 groups of field natural river courses.
Addressing is tested in Hydroelectric Power Station in Sichuan Dujiangyan Zi Ping-pu power station upstream Fluctuating Backwater Area, the fluctuation backwater region water storage
When be submerged, overwhelming majority riverbed is exposed when sluicing, and due to there is sufficient sunlight and against water source, riverbed vegetation growth is rapid.
Test is carried out in flash, and therefore, Fluctuating Backwater Area overwhelming majority riverbed is exposed, the main stem of only one wide about 2m,
The depth of water is about 30cm, water volume flow rate U0For 14~17cm/s, grown in main stem including flooding several vegetation with non-submersion
Group.It has chosen wherein 5 vegetation groups and carries out specific deposited area length test, it is straight to measure 5 vegetation group single plant vegetation first
Diameter (d) and density (n), unit of account current obstruction area (a=nd), while the width (D) and height (h) of vegetation group are measured, and remember
Recording vegetation group is non-submersion or floodage, and all vegetation are high density vegetation group as can be seen from Table 5.
Be 1m with width, the special sandbag of a height of 0.5m (the special sandbag structure are as follows: nylon gauze having a size of 1.0 meters wide,
It is 0.5 meter high, it is 1.5 meters long, wherein one side port closed is formed to the structure of a similar pocket, another side port is fixed on height
On the rectangle stainless steel frame of 1m, wide 0.5m, the perforation density of nylon gauze be selected as 2691066 holes/square metre, each
The square of Kong Weikuan 0.5mm.Sandbag design enters sandbag from stainless steel frame mouth with water flow convenient for suspension bed sediment in this way, thus
Completely collected.) suspension bed sediment downstream moved in water is acquired, collecting location is that 5 vegetation group upstreams are more spacious
Region, acquisition time are about 1.5 hours, later take out sandbag, take back laboratory and first dry, further take out drying, completely remove
The average suspended sand net weight obtained in 1.5 hours of weighing after moisture is 8.1g/s；Due to outstanding sand be in 1m wide, 0.3m's high
The acquisition of overcurrent region, consideration flow velocity is 14~17cm/s, and it is 0.042~0.051m that the region inflow-rate of water turbine, which can be calculated,3/
s；So we can use average suspended sand net weight and region inflow-rate of water turbine calculate time averaging suspended sand concentration for
158.8~192.9g/m3, meet minimum original suspension sand grain condition (> 75g/m3)。
Topography variation acquisition uses the measurement method of level mark-on ruler, in vegetation group front end not by other Vegetation Effects
Region is surveyed the topography judgement reference elevation of the elevation as vegetation group's tail end sediment siltation height, if vegetation group's tail end landform is high
In vegetation group upstream, then it is judged to depositing.Next with regard to the elevation in emphasis acquisition water (flow) direction until collecting some
The elevation of position judges that reference elevation is identical with vegetation group upstream, and the length of vegetation group tail end to the point is exactly vegetation group's tail end mud
Sand deposition section length LDep.Relevant parameter, sedimentation section length measurement result and the use present invention of 5 groups of vegetation groups provides
Decision condition table 5 is summarized in the prediction result predicted of vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length.
5 natural river course of table surveys operating condition and vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length (LDep) measured value and predicted value
Five groups of test results show the prediction technique energy of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length proposed by the present invention
The sedimentation section length of vegetation group rear side in accurate prediction natural river course.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
(1) river water body flow velocity U is measured0If U0> 0cm/s, and Suspended Sedimentation Concentration is greater than 75g/m3, (2) are entered step, if U0
=0cm/s or Suspended Sedimentation Concentration are not more than 75g/m3, EP (end of program)；
(2) measurement vegetation group perpendicular to the transverse width D in river direction, height h, unit area vegetation quantity n and single plant
The diameter d of vegetation, and calculate the unit current obstruction area a=n × d and vegetation group's depth-width ratio h/D of vegetation group；
(3) for flooding vegetation group, judgement floods whether vegetation density ah is greater than 0.1, if ah > 0.1, illustrates to flood vegetation group
For high density vegetation group, (4) are entered step；If ah≤0.1, illustrate that flooding vegetation group is low-density vegetation group, EP (end of program)；
For non-submersion vegetation group, non-submersion vegetation density η=C is determineddWhether aD is greater than 4, CdForce coefficient is pulled for vegetation, if η
> 4 illustrates that non-submersion vegetation group is high density vegetation group, enters step (4)；If η≤4, illustrate that non-submersion vegetation group is low close
Spend vegetation group, EP (end of program)；
(4) vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length L is predicted according to following decision conditionDep: when vegetation group's width D is less than height
H, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.1 ± 0.4) D；When vegetation group's width D is greater than height h, vegetation group's tail end
Sedimentation section length LDep=(2.3 ± 0.5) h；When vegetation group's width D is equal to height h, LDep=2.2D or 2.2h, determined
Journey is completed, EP (end of program).
2. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
Decision condition in step (4) is stated to obtain by method comprising the following steps:
(A) simulation sedimentation test, in the sink by the vegetation group arrangement of known the ratio of width to height D/h, and before and after vegetation group-
Several sheet glass weighed are placed in 2.5D~5D range setting position, and sink upstream water inlet and downstream water outlet are respectively set
Upstream water tank and downstream water tank, the water body of downstream water tank constantly draws back upstream water tank by water pump, then flows through vegetation group through sink
Into downstream water tank, independently operated water circulation system is constituted, reaches setting value to sink upstream water volume flow rate, toward downstream water case
Middle addition silt after whole system is according to setting time end of run, takes out the sheet glass in sink and keeps it sufficiently dry, it
After weigh test back glass sheet weight；
(B) the simulation sedimentation provided according to step (A) tests process operation m times, wherein m >=2；
(C) deposition test is analyzed as a result, determining the length L in sedimentation areaDep:
C1, the sedimentation amount that each sheet glass place setting position is calculated according to sheet glass weight before and after each simulation test
Dep(i), i=1 to N, N are piece count；
The repetition of sedimentation amount is uncertain on C2, calculating simulation sedimentation test run m times rear each position sheet glass
ERR-R(i):
Wherein Dep(mean)For the average sedimentation amount of each position,J=1 to m, m are mould
Quasi- sedimentation test run number；
C3, the overall error ERR for calculating sedimentation amount on each position sheet glass(i):
Wherein ERR-I(i)For instrument error, value is the 1/2 of instrument itself error in reading；
C4, the average value for calculating sedimentation amount on all sheet glass
C5, it marks vegetation group's rear side and Dep occurs for the first time(i)=Dep+ERR(i)Position, with vegetation group's tail end to herein
Length L of the length as sedimentation areaDep(j), m obtained L is repeatedly tested by m timesDep(j)It is average, obtain the flat of wake zone
Equal sedimentation section length
(D) flow velocity of each position in measurement vegetation group front and back is made with the distance between flow velocity minimum value position and vegetation group's tail end
For wake flow section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endw；
(E) decision condition is obtained
E1, the vegetation group's channel deposits deposition test simulation for carrying out different the ratio of width to height D/h, repeat step (A)-(D), summarize respectively
Sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endDepWith wake flow section length Lw；
E2, sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end is obtained according to summarized resultsDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween relationship
LDep~Lw；Due to LwMeet following relationship: as h < D, Lw~h, and when h > D, Lw~D；Therefore, LDepMeet following relationship: when
When h < D, LDep~h, and when h > D, LDep~D；
E3, the L obtained according to step E2DepThe relationship of satisfaction, vegetation group's tail end rear side sedimentation that step E1 is summarized
Section length LDepFurther summarize and carry out data fitting, obtains the decision condition of prediction vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length,
When vegetation group's width D is less than height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.1 ± 0.4) D；When vegetation group's width D
Greater than height h, vegetation group's tail end sedimentation section length LDep=(2.3 ± 0.5) h.
3. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 2, it is characterised in that institute
It states in step (A), silt is added into downstream water case, after hanging sand density in sink water body and reaching setting value, whole system is opened
Beginning runs according to setting time.
4. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that
It is to be first shut off water pump by the sufficiently dry concrete mode of the sheet glass taken out from sink in the step (A), it will be in sink
Water is allowed to dry；The sheet glass dried is transferred to baking oven later and dries it completely by the sheet glass in naturally dry sink again.
5. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that
In the step C5, if Dep is not satisfied in setting position on rear side of vegetation group's tail end(i)=Dep+ERR(i), then meeting Dep(i)
>Dep+ERR(i)And Dep(i)< Dep+ERR(i)It is obtained by way of linear interpolation between adjacent two o'clock and meets Dep(i)=Dep+
ERR(i)Position, then the position and vegetation group's the distance between tail end are the length in the sedimentation area of this sediment experiment
LDep(j)。
6. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 2 or 3, it is characterised in that
In the step D, except m simulation sedimentation test, primary simulation sedimentation test is individually carried out, flow velocity survey is carried out
Amount.
7. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 4, it is characterised in that institute
It states in step E2, by sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end of different the ratio of width to height D/hDepWith wake flow section length LwIt carries out
Data fitting obtains sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween relationship be LDep=
(1.45±0.14)Lw。
8. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 5, it is characterised in that institute
It states in step E2, by sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end of different the ratio of width to height D/hDepWith wake flow section length LwIt carries out
Data fitting obtains sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween relationship be LDep=
(1.45±0.14)Lw。
9. the prediction technique of river vegetation group tail end sedimentation section length according to claim 6, it is characterised in that institute
It states in step E2, by sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail end of different the ratio of width to height D/hDepWith wake flow section length LwIt carries out
Data fitting obtains sedimentation section length L on rear side of vegetation group's tail endDepWith wake flow section length LwBetween relationship be LDep=
(1.45±0.14)Lw。
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