CN107858680B - Method for reducing residual stress of laser cladding metal coating - Google Patents
Method for reducing residual stress of laser cladding metal coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN107858680B CN107858680B CN201710947554.6A CN201710947554A CN107858680B CN 107858680 B CN107858680 B CN 107858680B CN 201710947554 A CN201710947554 A CN 201710947554A CN 107858680 B CN107858680 B CN 107858680B
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing residual stress of a laser cladding metal coating. The invention is suitable for the laser cladding technology, and is characterized in that the residual stress of a formed part is low, the phenomena of cracks, cracking and warping deformation are effectively avoided, no additional equipment is needed, and the operation is simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a method for reducing residual stress of a laser cladding metal coating.
Background
Laser cladding is a method for cladding metal powder on a base material by using high-energy laser beams to prepare a metal coating, and the method has the advantages of high bonding strength with the base material, low dilution rate, high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In recent years, the surface modification and reinforcement of key metal parts based on the technology is becoming a research hotspot and showing wide application prospects. However, due to factors such as uneven laser energy distribution, large temperature gradient and large solidification rate in the cladding process, the laser-clad cermet layer has the defects of cracks and the like due to residual stress, and the cladding layer is easy to crack, so that the further popularization and application of the laser-clad cermet layer to the industrial field are severely restricted.
To solve this problem, researchers have taken the following four approaches:
firstly, optimizing process parameters from the aspects of laser power, spot diameter, scanning speed, lap joint rate, scanning strategy and the like, and changing the stress distribution in a workpiece so as to reduce residual stress, but the mechanical property of the workpiece cannot be considered;
secondly, a preheating module is added on the forming base material, and the bottom of the base material is heated before the base material is scanned by laser, so that the temperature gradient between the forming part and the base material workpiece is reduced, and the residual stress caused by overlarge temperature gradient is reduced, but the complexity of equipment and the difficulty of control are increased by preheating the base material;
thirdly, post-treatment such as hot isostatic pressing and stress relief annealing is carried out on the formed part to eliminate residual stress in the formed part, and although the residual stress can be reduced to a certain extent, the formed part still deforms and cracks after being processed, so that the prevention effect cannot be achieved;
fourthly, oxides such as MgO, CeO2 and Y2O3 are doped in the cladding process to reduce residual stress, but the oxide doping causes complex process, low production efficiency and high processing cost.
In summary, the prior art lacks a simple and low-cost method for effectively reducing residual stress and preventing the metal melt layer from cracking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing the residual stress of a laser cladding metal coating, which can reduce the residual stress of the metal melting coating and avoid the problem of cracking of the metal melting layer by a simple and easy method with low cost.
A method of reducing residual stress of a laser clad metal coating, comprising:
s1, fixedly mounting the base material on the processing bottom plate;
s2, scanning the surface of the base material by laser and ablating a groove;
s3, starting a powder feeding system, and paving metal powder in the groove;
and S4, enabling the laser focus to fall on the center of the adjacent groove, solidifying the metal powder after laser melting to form a melting channel, and coating the metal powder on the surface of the base material after cladding to form a cladding layer.
Further, the dimensions of the trench are: the depth d is 1-3 mm, the width b is 1-2 mm, and the distance a is 1-5 mm.
Further, the grooves are parallel to each other and to the direction of the laser scanning.
Further, the metal powder comprises the following materials: copper-based materials, iron-based materials, cobalt-based materials, nickel-based materials, aluminum-based materials, intermetallic-based materials.
Furthermore, the granularity of the metal powder is-100 to +300 meshes
Furthermore, the laser power is 500-10000W, the scanning speed is 1-10 mm/s, the spot diameter is 1-5 mm, and the protective gas is inert gas.
Furthermore, when the substrate is a plane type, the groove is of a grid type and a boundary offset type; when the base material is a multi-surface type, the groove is of a boundary offset type; when the substrate is a revolving body, the groove is spiral.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the groove structures which are regularly distributed are prefabricated on the base material, the uniform grooves can effectively release the constraint of thermal strain of the cladding layer, the residual stress accumulation is reduced, the residual stress level is reduced, the generation of cracks is inhibited, and the problems of cracks and cracking are effectively avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus suitable for use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure between cladding channel trenches;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a trench structure;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing example cladding track cracks;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic comparison of a cross section of a cladding layer according to an example;
FIG. 6 is a statistical chart of the dry sliding wear resistance of the cladding layer of the examples.
1-bottom plate, 2-base material, 3-groove, 4-deposition layer, 5-powder feeding system, 6-laser system, 7-powder conveying pipeline, 8-laser conveying pipeline, 9-powder feeding groove, 10-powder feeding nozzle and 11-laser.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following detailed description.
The device suitable for the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises: the powder feeding device comprises a bottom plate 1, a base material 2, a groove 3, a deposition layer 4, a powder feeding system 5, a laser system 6, a powder conveying pipeline 7, a laser conveying pipeline 8, a powder feeding groove 9 and a powder feeding nozzle 10.
The base plate 1 is fixedly provided with a base material 2, and the base material 2 is provided with a groove 3 by burning. The powder feeding system 5 and the laser system 6 are connected with a powder feeding groove 9 through a powder conveying pipeline 7 and a laser conveying pipeline 8, and a powder feeding nozzle 10 is arranged at the tail end of the powder feeding groove 9. The powder feeding nozzle 10 sprays metal powder to cover the surface of the base material 2, the laser 11 melts the metal powder to form a cladding channel, and as shown in fig. 2, the molten metal powder in the cladding channel and the groove forms a deposition layer 4.
A method of reducing residual stress of a laser clad metal coating, comprising:
s1, fixedly mounting a 316L stainless steel base material on the processing bottom plate, wherein the size of the base material is 100 multiplied by 10 mm.
S2, scanning and ablating a groove on the surface of the base material by laser, wherein in the drawing, the groove is 1mm in depth, 1mm in width, 5mm in spacing and 100mm in length, as shown in FIG. 3; the laser power is 2300W, the scanning speed is 10mm/s, and the shielding gas velocity is 25L/min.
S3, starting a powder feeding system, wherein the powder feeding rate is 60g/min, and tungsten carbide metal powder WC/Ni60 (60% WC) is paved in the groove, and the powder particles are 200 um.
And S4, enabling the laser focus to fall at the center of the adjacent groove, enabling the diameter of a light plate of the laser to be 5mm, enabling the lap joint rate to be 5%, and cladding the metal powder by the laser to obtain a cladding layer.
Performing dye penetrant inspection on the cladding sample piece, and analyzing the number of macrocracks; fig. 4(a) is a distribution diagram of the cracks of the cladding channel when the substrate has no groove, and fig. 4(b) is a distribution diagram of the cracks of the cladding channel when the substrate has a groove.
Comparing and observing the microstructure of the cladding layer by using an optical microscope; fig. 5(a) is a cross-sectional metallographic image of the cladding channel when the substrate has no groove, and fig. 5(b) is a cross-sectional metallographic image of the cladding channel when the substrate has a groove.
And (3) carrying out a dry sliding wear test, comparing the friction resistance of the pure laser cladding layer with that of the texture laser cladding layer by adopting a weighing method, wherein fig. 6 is a statistical graph of the dry sliding wear resistance of the cladding layer, and under the same laser process condition, the wear quality of the texture cladding layer is about 7/10 of that of the laser cladding layer, namely the wear resistance of the texture cladding layer is about 1.4 times that of the laser cladding layer.
To sum up: the groove structure can effectively release the constraint of thermal strain of the cladding layer, reduce residual stress accumulation, reduce the level of residual stress and inhibit the generation of cracks, and compared with the cladding layer of a non-groove base material, the wear resistance is obviously improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the residual stress of a formed part can be obviously reduced, and the phenomena of cracks, cracking and warping deformation are effectively avoided;
(2) the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the base material is high;
(3) the invention is realized without complex equipment and is simple to operate.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method of reducing residual stress of a laser clad metal coating, comprising:
s1, fixedly mounting the base material on the processing bottom plate;
s2, scanning the surface of the base material by laser and ablating a groove;
s3, starting a powder feeding system, and paving metal powder in the groove;
and S4, enabling the laser focus to fall on the center of the adjacent groove, and cladding the metal powder by the laser to obtain a cladding layer.
2. The method of reducing residual stress of a laser clad metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein said grooves have dimensions of: the depth d = 1-3 mm, the width b = 1-2 mm, and the distance a = 1-5 mm.
3. The method of reducing residual stress of a laser clad metal coating as recited in claim 1, wherein said grooves are parallel to each other and to a direction of said laser scanning.
4. The method of reducing residual stress of a laser clad metal coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metal powder material comprises: copper-based materials, iron-based materials, cobalt-based materials, nickel-based materials, aluminum-based materials, intermetallic-based materials.
5. The method for reducing the residual stress of the laser cladding metal coating according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the metal powder is-100 to +300 meshes, the laser power is P =500 to 10000W, the scanning speed is v =1 to 10mm/s, the diameter of a light spot is D =1 to 5mm, and the protective gas is inert gas.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the grooves are grid-type and boundary-shifted when the substrate is planar; when the base material is a multi-surface type, the groove is of a boundary offset type; when the base material is a revolving body, the groove is spiral.
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