CN107858177A - A kind of coal fast pyrogenation and the integral system and method for gasification - Google Patents
A kind of coal fast pyrogenation and the integral system and method for gasification Download PDFInfo
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- CN107858177A CN107858177A CN201711443185.3A CN201711443185A CN107858177A CN 107858177 A CN107858177 A CN 107858177A CN 201711443185 A CN201711443185 A CN 201711443185A CN 107858177 A CN107858177 A CN 107858177A
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- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 135
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1207—Heating the gasifier using pyrolysis gas as fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
- Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Present invention relates particularly to a kind of coal fast pyrogenation and the integral system and method for gasification, including：Fast pyrolysis reactor, the first cyclone separator, gasification furnace and the second whirlwind cyclone separator；Fast pyrolysis reactor and gasification furnace are used in combination the present invention, because heat accumulation type radiant tube is taken in fast pyrolysis reactor heating, heat carrier need not be provided, reactor is relatively independent with gasification furnace, when being combined with gasification furnace, can be just combined the two using simple mode, the shortcomings of overcoming existing equipment complex process, and thermal decomposition product production natural gas is adjusted, the technique for realizing coal gas difference calorific value of gas, reduce environmental pollution and production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, and particularly relates to an integrated system and method for fast pyrolysis and gasification of coal.
Background
The fast pyrolysis refers to that under the condition of no oxygen or limited oxygen, the material is rapidly heated to the temperature required by pyrolysis, so that the carbon-containing polymer rapidly generates chemical bond rupture reaction to generate semicoke and pyrolysis gas, and the high-temperature working environment can greatly improve the generation rate of pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis product is respectively provided with an independent semicoke cooling system and a pyrolysis gas purification system to obtain cooled semicoke, fuel gas, a small part of tar and other chemical products. The gasification technology is that low-temperature raw materials (semi-coke or coal) and gasifying agents (oxygen and steam) are directly added into a gasification furnace for reaction, the reaction process is to burn part of the raw materials to generate heat so as to meet the energy required by the water gas reaction process, the coal gas generated by gasification is also provided with an independent coal gas purification system, the coal gas is subjected to the technical processes of pre-dedusting, waste heat recovery, further dedusting, chilling and pressurizing, purification and the like, and qualified clean coal gas is produced and sent out.
Although the existing fast pyrolysis can generate fuel gas with high added value, the generated semicoke has a large amount of sensible heat, the recovery and utilization of the sensible heat of the solid are very difficult, the heat recovery efficiency is low, and the investment of recovery equipment is large; the pyrolysis gas is chilled after high-temperature dust removal, so that a large amount of waste heat is wasted, and a large amount of water and power are consumed in the cooling process;
the conventional gasification process is to burn the raw materials partially to generate heat required by the gasification process, so that the gasification process can be carried out continuously, and the partially burned fuel is changed into carbon dioxide, so that the thermal efficiency and the cold gas efficiency of the gasification process are low; because the coal gas contains more carbon dioxide, the quality of the heat value of the coal gas generated by gasification is low, and the heat value is about 1200 Kcal. In addition, the traditional gasification process needs to obtain coal gas with medium heat value, pure oxygen is needed to be used as a gasification agent for pure oxygen gasification, the investment of an air separation device (oxygen generation station) is greatly increased, a large amount of electric energy needs to be consumed in the operation process, the operation cost is greatly improved, and the yield is greatly reduced. Therefore, energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved, the quality of pyrolysis gas and the yield are the main research directions at present, and an integrated system of the rapid pyrolysis coupling gasification furnace device for coal is rarely reported at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coal fast pyrolysis and gasification integrated system and a method aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein a fast pyrolysis reactor and a gasification furnace are combined for use, the fast pyrolysis reactor is heated by adopting a heat accumulation type radiant tube without providing a heat carrier, so the reactor and the gasification furnace are relatively independent, and when the fast pyrolysis reactor and the gasification furnace are combined for use, the reactor and the gasification furnace can be combined for use in a simple mode, the defects of complex process and the like of the existing equipment are overcome, a pyrolysis product is adjusted to produce natural gas, the process of producing coal gas with different heat values is realized, and the environmental pollution and the production cost are reduced.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an integrated system for rapid pyrolysis and gasification of coal, comprising: the system comprises a fast pyrolysis reactor, a first cyclone separator, a gasification furnace and a second cyclone separator; wherein,
a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fast pyrolysis reactor is connected with a pyrolysis gas inlet of the first cyclone separator, and a semicoke outlet of the fast pyrolysis reactor is connected with a semicoke inlet of the gasification furnace;
a crude gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with a crude gas inlet of the second cyclone separator;
and an ash inlet of the gasification furnace is respectively connected with a first ash outlet of the first cyclone separator and a second ash outlet of the second cyclone separator, and the ash separated by the first cyclone separator and the second cyclone separator is respectively sent to the gasification furnace for secondary gasification.
Furthermore, a plurality of layers of heat accumulating type radiant tubes for providing a heat source for the fast pyrolysis reactor are arranged in the fast pyrolysis reactor, each layer of heat accumulating type radiant tubes is uniformly arranged along the furnace body of the fast pyrolysis reactor, and two adjacent layers of heat accumulating type radiant tubes are arranged in a staggered manner;
a raw material inlet is formed in the center of the top of the fast pyrolysis reactor, a feed valve is arranged on the raw material inlet, and the raw material inlet is connected with a coal bunker;
the bottom of the fast pyrolysis reactor is provided with a semicoke outlet, and the side part of the fast pyrolysis reactor is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet.
Further, an air outlet of the first cyclone separator is respectively connected with the heat accumulating type radiation pipe and the pyrolysis gas pipeline and used as fuel gas of the heat accumulating type radiation pipe or other purposes;
the gas outlet of the second cyclone separator is connected with the gas pipeline;
further, the method also comprises the following steps: and the U-shaped valve is arranged between the semicoke outlet and the semicoke inlet and is used for conveying the semicoke to the gasification furnace feeding port by using air.
Further, a gasifying agent inlet is formed in the bottom of the gasification furnace, the gasifying agent inlet is a steam nozzle, the gasifying agent comprises steam and oxygen, the content of the steam is 50% -75%, and the content of the oxygen is 50% -25%.
Further, the gasification device further comprises a preheater, the gasification agent is preheated by the preheater and then sprayed into the gasification furnace through the steam nozzle, and the preheating temperature is 400-700 ℃.
Further, the ash inlet of the gasifier includes: a first ash inlet and a second ash inlet, wherein,
the first ash inlet is connected with the first ash outlet;
the second ash inlet is connected with the second ash outlet.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: a high-temperature discharge valve and a spiral discharge machine, wherein
The discharge hole of the gasification furnace is provided with the high-temperature discharge valve;
the spiral discharging machine is connected with a discharging hole of the gasification furnace.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and the sensible heat recovery device is connected with the spiral discharging machine, and ash discharged by the gasification furnace is conveyed to the sensible heat recovery device through the spiral discharging machine for sensible heat recovery.
A method for performing coal pyrolysis and gasification treatment by using an integrated system for rapid coal pyrolysis and gasification comprises the following steps:
1) opening a feed valve, feeding the pulverized coal into the fast pyrolysis reactor, heating the pulverized coal from top to bottom through a multilayer heat accumulating type radiant tube, performing pyrolysis reaction, and generating pyrolysis gas and semicoke;
2) the semicoke is sent to the gasification furnace through a U-shaped valve and is subjected to water gas reaction with a gasifying agent from the bottom of the gasification furnace through a steam nozzle to obtain crude gas and ash;
3) sending the pyrolysis gas to the first cyclone separator for treatment to obtain ash and purified pyrolysis gas, sending one part of the purified pyrolysis gas to a heat accumulating type radiant tube to be used as fuel gas, sending the other part of the purified pyrolysis gas to a pyrolysis gas pipeline, and sending the ash to a gasification furnace for secondary gasification;
4) sending the crude gas to the first cyclone separator for treatment to obtain ash and gas, sending the ash to a gasification furnace for secondary gasification, and sending the gas to a gas pipeline
5) And sending the ash to a sensible heat recovery device to recover sensible heat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the fast pyrolysis reactor and the gasification furnace are used in a combined manner, because the fast pyrolysis reactor adopts a heat accumulating type radiant tube for heating, a heat carrier is not required to be provided, the reactor and the gasification furnace are relatively independent, when the reactor and the gasification furnace are used in a combined manner, the reactor and the gasification furnace can be used in a combined manner in a simple manner, the defects of complex process and the like of the existing equipment are overcome, the pyrolysis product is adjusted to produce natural gas, the process of producing coal gas with different heat values is realized, and the environmental pollution and the production cost are reduced;
(2) the hot semicoke is sent into the gasification furnace, so that a large amount of sensible heat of the semicoke is effectively utilized, the energy gradient utilization is realized, the energy utilization rate of a gasification system is improved, the energy is saved, and the energy consumption is reduced;
(3) the process is simplified, intermediate links such as a semicoke cooling system and an oxygen preparation system are reduced, the process flow is greatly simplified, and the investment cost, the operating cost and the occupied area are saved;
(4) the intermediate links are reduced, so that a large amount of pollutants generated in the operation process of the device are reduced, such as: dust, waste water, waste gas and other pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structure diagram of an integrated system for rapid pyrolysis and gasification of coal according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a coal bunker; 2. a feed valve; 3. a fast pyrolysis reactor; 4. a pyrolysis gas cyclone separator; 5. a gas cyclone separator; 6. a gasification furnace; 7. a high temperature discharge valve; 8. a spiral discharging machine; a. b, raw gas, c, gasifying agent, d, purified pyrolysis gas, e, gas.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific examples. Note that the following described embodiments are illustrative only for explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The examples, where specific techniques or conditions are not indicated, are to be construed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an integrated system for rapid pyrolysis and gasification of coal, fig. 1 is a block diagram of the integrated system for rapid pyrolysis and gasification of coal, and according to fig. 1, the main structure of the system comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a fast pyrolysis reactor, a first cyclone separator, a gasification furnace and a second cyclone separator; the pyrolysis gas outlet of the fast pyrolysis reactor is connected with the pyrolysis gas inlet of the first cyclone separator, and the semicoke outlet of the fast pyrolysis reactor is connected with the semicoke inlet of the gasification furnace; a crude gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with a crude gas inlet of the second cyclone separator; and an ash inlet of the gasification furnace is respectively connected with a first ash outlet of the first cyclone separator and a second ash outlet of the second cyclone separator, and the ash separated by the first cyclone separator and the second cyclone separator is respectively sent to the gasification furnace for secondary gasification.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the fast pyrolysis reactor comprises a raw material inlet, a semicoke outlet and a pyrolysis gas outlet, wherein a feed valve is arranged on a raw material inlet and is connected with an outlet of a coal bunker. The fast pyrolysis reactor is a heat accumulating type downward bed reactor (hereinafter referred to as a reactor for short), a plurality of layers of heat accumulating type radiant tubes used for providing heat sources for the fast pyrolysis reactor are arranged in the reactor, each layer of heat accumulating type radiant tubes are uniformly arranged along a furnace body of the fast pyrolysis reactor, and two adjacent layers of heat accumulating type radiant tubes are arranged in a staggered mode; the center of the top of the reactor is provided with a raw material inlet; the bottom of the reactor is provided with a semicoke outlet, wherein the semicoke outlet is connected with a semicoke inlet of the gasification furnace; the side part of the pyrolysis reactor is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the first cyclone separator (pyrolysis gas cyclone separator); the method is characterized in that the required heat in the reactor is provided through the radiant tube, a heating method without a heat carrier is realized, the process flow is simplified, the temperature in the reactor can reach 800-950 ℃, coal particles are subjected to a thorough pyrolysis reaction in a high-temperature environment to generate high-temperature semicoke and high-temperature pyrolysis gas, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas passes through a high-temperature cyclone separator, the separated large particles fall back to the bottom of the gasification furnace, the primarily purified pyrolysis gas is input into a downstream pyrolysis gas treatment system to be subjected to waste heat recovery and purification, and part of the treated combustible gas is connected to the heat accumulating type radiant tube to serve as fuel.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the U-shaped valve is arranged between the semicoke outlet and the semicoke inlet, and the high-temperature semicoke is fed into the gasification furnace through the semicoke inlet by using air. When the high-temperature semicoke enters the gasification furnace, a large amount of sensible heat is brought, the sensible heat is enough for finishing the heat required by the water gas reaction, and the oxygen required by the gasification reaction is greatly reduced or even no oxygen is required to be provided any more, so that the investment and the operating cost of air separation are greatly reduced; because a small amount of oxygen is input, the generation amount of carbon dioxide in the coal gas is effectively controlled, so that the proportion of effective components such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and the like in the coal gas is improved, and the heat value of the coal gas is greatly improved.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the gas outlet of the first cyclone separator is connected to the regenerative radiant tube and the pyrolysis gas pipeline, respectively, and is used as fuel gas of the regenerative radiant tube or for other purposes, for example, the fuel gas is sent to a fuel gas purification and transformation unit to produce natural gas, or the natural gas is directly sent to an industrial user. The first cyclone separator comprises a pyrolysis gas inlet, a first ash outlet and a gas outlet, and the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the second cyclone (gas cyclone) comprises a raw gas inlet, a second ash outlet and a gas outlet of the second cyclone connected to a gas line. The gasification furnace comprises a semicoke inlet, a gasification agent inlet, a coal gas outlet, a first ash inlet, a second ash inlet and a discharge hole, wherein the gasification agent inlet is in a nozzle form and is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the semicoke inlet is connected with the semicoke outlet, and the first ash inlet is connected with the first ash outlet; the second ash inlet is connected with the second ash outlet, and the coal gas outlet is connected with the crude coal gas inlet of the second cyclone separator.
According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further comprises: the device comprises a high-temperature discharge valve, a spiral discharge machine and a sensible heat recovery device, wherein the high-temperature discharge valve is arranged at a discharge port of the gasification furnace; the spiral discharging machine is connected with a discharging port of the gasification furnace and is connected with the spiral discharging machine, and ash and slag discharged by the gasification furnace are conveyed to the sensible heat recovery device through the spiral discharging machine for sensible heat recovery.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for coal pyrolysis and gasification treatment using the above system, comprising the steps of:
1) opening a feed valve, feeding the pulverized coal into the fast pyrolysis reactor, heating the pulverized coal from top to bottom through a multilayer heat accumulating type radiant tube, performing pyrolysis reaction, and generating pyrolysis gas and semicoke;
2) the semicoke is sent to the gasification furnace through a U-shaped valve and is subjected to water gas reaction with a gasifying agent from the bottom of the gasification furnace through a steam nozzle to obtain crude gas and ash;
3) sending the pyrolysis gas to the first cyclone separator for treatment to obtain ash and purified pyrolysis gas, sending one part of the purified pyrolysis gas to a heat accumulating type radiant tube to be used as fuel gas, sending the other part of the purified pyrolysis gas to a pyrolysis gas pipeline, and sending the ash to a gasification furnace for secondary gasification;
4) sending the crude gas to the first cyclone separator for treatment to obtain ash and gas, sending the ash to a gasification furnace for secondary gasification, and sending the gas to a gas pipeline
5) And sending the ash to a sensible heat recovery device to recover sensible heat.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the specific process of the method is as follows: the raw material coal is ground to be less than 10mm in particle size, the coal powder in a coal bunker is fed into a pyrolysis reactor through a feed valve, is heated from top to bottom through a plurality of layers of radiant tubes, and is subjected to thorough pyrolysis reaction at the temperature in the furnace of 800-950 ℃ to generate pyrolysis gas and semicoke, the pyrolysis gas enters a pyrolysis gas high-temperature cyclone separator through a pyrolysis gas outlet to be subjected to preliminary purification, one part of the purified pyrolysis gas is fed into the radiant tube of the coal pyrolysis reactor, and the other part of the purified pyrolysis gas is fed into a fuel gas purification and transformation unit to produce natural gas or is directly fed to an industrial user; and the pyrolysis gas high-temperature cyclone separator is used for conveying the separated dust (ash) to a gasification furnace for gasification, and the 800-950 ℃ pyrolysis high-temperature semicoke is discharged from the bottom of the reactor and conveyed to the gasification furnace through a U-shaped valve.
The gasification furnace is preferably a bubbling type circulating fluidized bed, a gasification agent is mainly steam and a small amount of oxygen, wherein the steam accounts for 50-75%, the oxygen accounts for 50-25%, the gasification agent is preheated to the temperature of 400-700 ℃ through a preheater, then enters from the bottom of the gasification furnace through a steam nozzle, generates crude gas with carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main components through water gas reaction with hot semicoke, the crude gas comes out from the top of the gasification furnace and enters a gas high-temperature cyclone separator, most of dust (ash) in the gas cyclone separator is collected and sent back to the gasification furnace through a return valve to perform next gasification reaction until the carbon reaction is complete; and (4) inputting the coal gas from the high-temperature cyclone separator into a downstream heat exchange and purification process flow, and finally using the coal gas as clean fuel. Ash and slag generated by the gasification furnace enter the spiral discharging machine through the high-temperature discharging valve and are discharged through the spiral discharging machine, and sensible heat of each section of output product can be recycled by waste heat through the preheating recovery system.
The raw gas is primarily purified by the gas high-temperature cyclone separator and then is input into a downstream gas treatment system, and the primarily purified gas reduces the working load of downstream process equipment to a certain extent. The granular dust (ash) carried in the crude gas is recycled to the bottom of the gasification furnace after cyclone separation, and finally, the completely reacted ash is discharged by a spiral discharging machine through a high-temperature discharging valve, so that the sensible heat of the high-temperature ash can be recycled.
Example one
Pulverized coal is pulverized to be less than 10mm in particle size range, the pulverized coal is fed into a fast pyrolysis reactor, the pulverized coal is fed into the fast pyrolysis reactor through a feed valve, is heated from top to bottom through a plurality of layers of radiation pipes, and is subjected to thorough pyrolysis reaction at the temperature in a furnace of 800 ℃ to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis semicoke, wherein the pyrolysis gas enters a pyrolysis gas high-temperature cyclone separator through a pyrolysis gas outlet to be primarily purified and then is output to a downstream process, and one part of combustible gas (the preliminarily purified pyrolysis gas) is fed into the radiation pipes of the coal pyrolysis reactor and is used as fuel gas; the other part is sent to a fuel gas purifying and converting unit to produce natural gas or directly sent to industrial users.
Discharging the 800-950 ℃ pyrolysis high-temperature semicoke from the bottom of the reactor, and conveying the semicoke to a gasification furnace through a U-shaped valve; high-temperature semicoke output from a semicoke outlet of a pyrolysis reactor enters a gasification furnace through a conveying system and is uniformly distributed in the gasification furnace, the gasification furnace adopts a bubbling type circulating fluidized bed, a gasification agent is mainly steam and a small amount of oxygen, the steam accounts for 75 percent, the oxygen accounts for 25 percent, the gasification agent is preheated to the temperature of 650 ℃ through a preheater and then enters from the bottom of the gasification furnace through a steam nozzle, the gasification agent and the hot semicoke generate water gas reaction to generate crude gas taking carbon monoxide and hydrogen as main components, the crude gas comes out from the top of the gasification furnace and enters a gas high-temperature cyclone separator, most of dust in the cyclone separator is collected and sent back to the gasification furnace through a return valve to carry out the next gasification reaction, the dust repeatedly participates in the gasification reaction until the carbon reaction in the crude gas is complete, and the gas coming out from the high-temperature cyclone separator is input into a downstream heat exchange purification, the particles flow back to the gasification furnace, ash and slag generated by the gasification furnace enters the spiral discharging machine through the high-temperature discharging valve and is discharged through the spiral discharging machine, and sensible heat of each section of output product can be recycled through the preheating recovery system.
In conclusion, the integrated system for coal fast pyrolysis and gasification combines the fast pyrolysis reactor with the gasification furnace, and the fast pyrolysis reactor is heated by adopting a heat accumulating type radiation pipe, so that a heat carrier is not required to be provided, the reactor and the gasification furnace are relatively independent, and when the integrated system is combined with the gasification furnace, the reactor and the gasification furnace can be combined in a simple mode, so that the defects of complex process and the like of the conventional equipment are overcome, the pyrolysis product is adjusted to produce natural gas, the process of producing coal gas with different heat values is realized, and the environmental pollution and the production cost are reduced; the hot semicoke is sent into the gasification furnace, so that a large amount of sensible heat of the semicoke is effectively utilized, the energy gradient utilization is realized, the energy utilization rate of a gasification system is improved, the energy is saved, and the energy consumption is reduced; the process is simplified, intermediate links such as a semicoke cooling system and an oxygen preparation system are reduced, the process flow is greatly simplified, and the investment cost, the operating cost and the occupied area are saved; the intermediate links are reduced, so that a large amount of pollutants generated in the operation process of the device are reduced, such as: dust, waste water, waste gas and other pollutants.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated system for rapid pyrolysis and gasification of coal, comprising: the system comprises a fast pyrolysis reactor, a first cyclone separator, a gasification furnace and a second cyclone separator; wherein,
a pyrolysis gas outlet of the fast pyrolysis reactor is connected with a pyrolysis gas inlet of the first cyclone separator, and a semicoke outlet of the fast pyrolysis reactor is connected with a semicoke inlet of the gasification furnace;
a crude gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with a crude gas inlet of the second cyclone separator;
and an ash inlet of the gasification furnace is respectively connected with a first ash outlet of the first cyclone separator and a second ash outlet of the second cyclone separator, and the ash separated by the first cyclone separator and the second cyclone separator is respectively sent to the gasification furnace for secondary gasification.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of layers of regenerative radiant tubes for providing a heat source for the fast pyrolysis reactor are arranged inside the fast pyrolysis reactor, each layer of regenerative radiant tubes is uniformly arranged along a furnace body of the fast pyrolysis reactor, and two adjacent layers of regenerative radiant tubes are staggered from each other;
a raw material inlet is formed in the center of the top of the fast pyrolysis reactor, a feed valve is arranged on the raw material inlet, and the raw material inlet is connected with a coal bunker;
the bottom of the fast pyrolysis reactor is provided with a semicoke outlet, and the side part of the fast pyrolysis reactor is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the gas outlet of the first cyclone separator is connected to the regenerative radiant tube and the pyrolysis gas pipeline respectively, and is used as fuel gas for the regenerative radiant tube or for other purposes;
and the gas outlet of the second cyclone separator is connected with the gas pipeline.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising: and the U-shaped valve is arranged between the semicoke outlet and the semicoke inlet and is used for conveying the semicoke to the gasification furnace feeding port by using air.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein a gasifying agent inlet is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the gasifying agent inlet is a steam nozzle, the gasifying agent comprises steam and oxygen, the content of the steam is 50-75%, and the content of the oxygen is 50-25%.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a preheater, wherein the gasifying agent is preheated by the preheater and then sprayed into the gasification furnace through the steam nozzle, and the preheating temperature is 400-700 ℃.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the ash inlet of the gasifier comprises: a first ash inlet and a second ash inlet, wherein,
the first ash inlet is connected with the first ash outlet;
the second ash inlet is connected with the second ash outlet.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a high-temperature discharge valve and a spiral discharge machine, wherein
The discharge hole of the gasification furnace is provided with the high-temperature discharge valve;
the spiral discharging machine is connected with a discharging hole of the gasification furnace.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising: and the sensible heat recovery device is connected with the spiral discharging machine, and ash discharged by the gasification furnace is conveyed to the sensible heat recovery device through the spiral discharging machine for sensible heat recovery.
10. A method for coal pyrolysis and gasification process using the system of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
1) opening a feed valve, feeding the pulverized coal into the fast pyrolysis reactor, heating the pulverized coal from top to bottom through a multilayer heat accumulating type radiant tube, performing pyrolysis reaction, and generating pyrolysis gas and semicoke;
2) the semicoke is sent to the gasification furnace through a U-shaped valve and is subjected to water gas reaction with a gasifying agent from the bottom of the gasification furnace through a steam nozzle to obtain crude gas and ash;
3) sending the pyrolysis gas to the first cyclone separator for treatment to obtain ash and purified pyrolysis gas, sending one part of the purified pyrolysis gas to a heat accumulating type radiant tube to be used as fuel gas, sending the other part of the purified pyrolysis gas to a pyrolysis gas pipeline, and sending the ash to a gasification furnace for secondary gasification;
4) sending the crude gas to the first cyclone separator for treatment to obtain ash and gas, sending the ash to a gasification furnace for secondary gasification, and sending the gas to a gas pipeline
5) And sending the ash to a sensible heat recovery device to recover sensible heat.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109852422A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-07 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | A kind of integral type total heat recovery gasification furnace |
| CN115196594A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-10-18 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | Device and method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas from carbon-containing material |
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| CN107345166A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-14 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | Pyrolytic gasification reactor |
| CN208266125U (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-12-21 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | A kind of coal fast pyrogenation and the integral system of gasification |
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| CN107345166A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-14 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | Pyrolytic gasification reactor |
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