CN107856869B - Catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing function and control method - Google Patents
Catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing function and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107856869B CN107856869B CN201711293358.8A CN201711293358A CN107856869B CN 107856869 B CN107856869 B CN 107856869B CN 201711293358 A CN201711293358 A CN 201711293358A CN 107856869 B CN107856869 B CN 107856869B
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- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 73
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D37/00—Arrangements in connection with fuel supply for power plant
- B64D37/32—Safety measures not otherwise provided for, e.g. preventing explosive conditions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing, which belongs to the technical field of fire prevention and explosion prevention, and also discloses a control method thereof, wherein the specific principle is as follows: the gas phase space fuel vapor and air mixture at the upper part of the oil tank are subjected to flameless catalytic combustion in the catalytic oxidation reactor to generate carbon dioxide, nitrogen which does not participate in the reaction and carbon dioxide generated by the reaction are used as mixed inert gas to inert the oil tank, so that the purposes of fire prevention and explosion prevention are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire prevention and explosion prevention, relates to an aircraft fuel tank fuel inerting system and method, and particularly relates to a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing function and a control method.
Background
The safety problem of modern aircraft has been widely focused on society, and fuel system combustion and explosion are one of the main reasons for aircraft accident. There are data showing that in Vietnam war, the U.S. air force is attacked by ground fire to lose thousands of aircraft, wherein the proportion of aircraft destruction and death is as high as 50% due to fire explosion of aircraft fuel tanks, and after TWA800 of the aircraft in Barbary 747 takes off in 1996, the combustible steam of the fuel tanks of the central wing is ignited during climbing to cause explosion, and all aircraft are lost.
It follows that for both military and civil aircraft, effective measures must be taken to prevent fuel tank explosions. That is, the fire and explosion suppression capability of an aircraft fuel tank is related not only to the viability and vulnerability of the aircraft, but also to the utilization, cost and passenger safety of the aircraft.
Numerous studies have shown that aircraft fuel tank fire and explosion protection techniques for changing the fuel explosion limits are the most effective method of reducing the oxygen content in the gas phase space of the fuel tank by injecting inert gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, halon 1301 and the like into the fuel tank so as to bring the fuel vapor below the flammability limit and prevent the fuel tank from firing and exploding. The sources of inerting gas can be divided into two main categories, container carrying and on-board equipment extraction. The former fills the holding vessel such as liquid nitrogen, gas nitrogen, halon 1301 through carrying and fills and fill into inert gas in the flight in order to change out the oxygen in the oil tank, reduces oxygen concentration, but this mode has increased aircraft load, and life cycle is short, and the economic nature is poor, hardly accomplishes whole inerting. The on-board inerting technology for extracting the inerting gas through on-board equipment from the later 70 s of the last century is very rapid in development, and the on-board nitrogen inerting technology for preparing the nitrogen-rich gas by adopting the hollow fiber membrane is the most widely applied and mature aircraft fuel tank explosion suppression technology at present. Although membrane separation-based OBIGGS is the current mainstream inerting technology, there are still a number of problems, such as low efficiency of separation membranes, large aircraft compensation loss, high pressure required for inlet of separation membranes, incapacity of using in many models (such as helicopters), gradual blockage of fine membrane wires and permeation pore diameters, serious attenuation of membrane performance caused by ozone in air sources, and environment pollution caused by leakage of fuel vapor when N2 fills the fuel tank.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low nitrogen production efficiency, high price, environmental pollution and the like of a hollow fiber membrane in the prior art, the invention provides a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing, which is characterized in that a gas-phase space fuel vapor and air mixture at the upper part of a fuel tank is subjected to flameless catalytic combustion in a catalytic oxidation reactor to generate carbon dioxide, and nitrogen which does not participate in the reaction and carbon dioxide generated by the reaction serve as mixed inert gas to inerting the fuel tank, so that the purposes of fire prevention and explosion prevention are achieved, and the technical problems are solved.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with the air supplementing function comprises an oil tank, wherein a gas outlet at the upper end of the oil tank is connected with a first flame arrester, a first check valve, a variable frequency fan, a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor in sequence through pipelines;
the system also comprises engine bleed air which is connected with the inlet of the flow regulating valve through a pipeline;
the outlet of the flow regulating valve is sequentially connected with a second temperature sensor, a second pressure sensor, a second flow sensor and a second check valve through pipelines;
the first flow sensor outlet and the second check valve outlet are connected with the inlet of the cold side channel of the preheater through pipelines;
the outlet of the cold side channel of the preheater is sequentially connected with an electric heater and a first oxygen concentration sensor through a pipeline;
the first oxygen concentration sensor outlet is divided into two branch outlets, one branch outlet is connected with the inlet of the first electric regulating valve through a pipeline, and the other branch outlet is connected with the inlet of the second electric regulating valve through a pipeline; the first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve are controlled to be opened or closed by regulation to control the catalytic combustion reaction in the high-flow catalytic reactor or the catalytic combustion reaction in the low-flow catalytic reactor respectively;
the outlet of the first electric regulating valve is sequentially connected with a first flame suppressor, a high-flow catalytic reactor, a second flame suppressor and a third check valve through pipelines;
the outlet of the second electric regulating valve is sequentially connected with a third flame suppressor, a small-flow catalytic reactor, a fourth flame suppressor and a fourth check valve through pipelines;
the third check valve and the fourth check valve are simultaneously connected with one end of the second oxygen concentration sensor through pipelines;
the other end of the second oxygen concentration sensor is sequentially connected with a preheater hot side channel, a cooler hot side channel, a water separator gas channel, a third temperature sensor, a safety device and an oil tank;
a water sprayer is connected between the water separator liquid channel and the cooler cold side channel through a pipeline, and a second inlet of the water sprayer is connected with ram air through a pipeline; the system also includes an automatic controller.
Further, the outlet of the safety device is connected with the upper gas phase space of the oil tank through a second flame arrester.
Further, the outlet of the safety device is connected with the oil tank through a washing injector, and the washing injector is arranged below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the oil tank; the washing injector is also connected with an oil tank through an oil pump.
Further, the outlet of the safety device is connected with the oil tank through a pipeline and the gas distributor, and the outlet of the gas distributor is arranged below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the oil tank.
Further, the automatic controller comprises three current input ends and two current output ends;
the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the first oxygen concentration sensor and the second oxygen concentration sensor are connected in parallel through cables and are connected in parallel with one current input end of the automatic controller;
the second temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor, the second flow sensor and the third temperature sensor are connected in parallel through cables and are connected in parallel to the two current input ends of the automatic controller;
the three current input ends of the automatic controller are connected with the upper gas phase space of the oil tank through a third oxygen concentration sensor;
the current output end of the automatic controller is connected with the current input end of the flow regulating valve and the current input end of the safety device respectively through cables;
and the two current output ends of the automatic controller are respectively connected with the current input ends of the variable frequency fan, the electric heater, the first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve through cables.
The invention also discloses a control method of the catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the system opening process comprises the following steps: the third oxygen concentration sensor detects the oxygen concentration in the gas-phase space of the oil tank and transmits signals to the automatic controller, when the oxygen concentration is greater than a given value, the automatic controller is communicated with a circuit among the variable frequency fan, the flow regulating valve, the electric heater, the first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve, the variable frequency fan and the electric heater are started, the flow regulating valve is opened, and the system is in a working state; meanwhile, the automatic controller is communicated with a circuit among the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the first flow sensor, the second temperature sensor, the second pressure sensor, the second flow sensor, the first oxygen concentration sensor and the second oxygen concentration sensor and collects data; the automatic controller switches an inerting mode by controlling the opening and closing of the first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve;
the system closing process comprises the following steps: when the third oxygen concentration sensor detects that the oxygen concentration in the gas-phase space of the oil tank is smaller than a given value, the automatic controller cuts off a circuit among the variable-frequency fan, the flow regulating valve, the electric heater, the first electric regulating valve and the second electric regulating valve, the variable-frequency fan and the electric heater are closed, the flow regulating valve is closed, and the system is in a closed state;
the system protection process comprises the following steps: and when the third temperature sensor detects that the outlet gas temperature of the water separator is higher than the preset value, the protection device is disconnected, and the gas is not returned to the oil tank.
Further, the process also comprises a process of washing the inerting fuel tank by adopting an ejector, specifically: the low-water content inerting mixed gas from the outlet of the water separator enters the washing injector, and after being mixed with the fuel oil at the bottom of the fuel tank, the outlet of the washing injector flows into the fuel oil in the fuel tank. The oxygen content in the fuel oil is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so that the aim of inerting is fulfilled.
Further, the process also comprises a process of washing the inerting fuel tank by using a distributor, specifically: the low water content inerted mixture from the water separator outlet is fed into a gas distributor from where it flows into the fuel in the tank. The oxygen content in the fuel oil is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so that the aim of inerting is fulfilled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention carries out flameless catalytic combustion on the mixture of fuel vapor and air in the gas phase space at the upper part of the oil tank in the catalytic oxidation reactor to generate carbon dioxide, and nitrogen which does not participate in the reaction and carbon dioxide generated by the reaction serve as mixed inert gas to inert the oil tank so as to achieve the purposes of fire prevention and explosion prevention;
2) The invention utilizes the engine bleed air to promote the reaction, provides two reaction modes of large flow and small flow, greatly shortens the time required by inerting through the switching of the large flow and small flow inerting modes, and has the advantages of simple flow, high inerting efficiency, no pollution and the like;
3) The injector adopted by the invention washes the inerting fuel tank, the oxygen content in the fuel is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so as to achieve the inerting purpose; the distributor is adopted to wash the inerting fuel tank, so that the oxygen content in the fuel oil can be reduced, the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, and the inerting purpose is also achieved;
4) The problem that the oxygen content in the gas at the upper part of the oil tank is gradually reduced along with the progress of the inerting reaction and the oxygen content required by the reaction is insufficient is solved by utilizing the air supplementing subsystem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tanks with make-up air in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank with make-up for fuel purging with an injector in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank with make-up for fuel purging with a gas distributor in accordance with the present invention;
wherein the first tank, 2-first flame arrestor, 3-first check valve, 4-variable frequency fan, 5-first temperature sensor, 6-first pressure sensor, 7-first flow sensor, 8-flow regulating valve, 9-second temperature sensor, 10-second pressure sensor, 11-second flow sensor, 12-preheater, 13-electric heater, 14-first oxygen concentration sensor, 15-first electric regulating valve, 16-first flame arrestor, 17-large flow catalytic reactor, 18-second flame arrestor, 19-second electric regulating valve, 20-third flame arrestor, 21-small flow catalytic reactor, 22-fourth flame arrestor, 23-second oxygen concentration sensor, 24-cooler, 25-water separator, 26-third temperature sensor, 27-third safety device, 29-second flame arrestor, 30-third oxygen concentration sensor, 31-automatic controller, 32-oil pump, 33-scrubber, 35-third check valve, 37-third check valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples. The following description is of some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in the catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air supplementing, a gas outlet of a fuel tank 1 is connected with a first flame arrester 2, a first check valve 3, a variable frequency fan 4, a first temperature sensor 5 and a first pressure sensor 6 in sequence through pipelines; the inlet of the flow regulating valve 8 is connected with the engine bleed air outlet through a pipeline; the outlet of the flow regulating valve 8 to the second check valve 35 are sequentially connected with a second temperature sensor 9, a second pressure sensor 10 and a second flow sensor 11 through pipelines; the inlet of the cold side channel of the preheater 12 is connected with the outlet of the first flow sensor 7 and the outlet of the second check valve 35 through a pipeline; an electric heater 13 is connected between the outlet of the cold side channel of the preheater 12 and the first oxygen concentration sensor 14 through a pipeline; the outlet of the first oxygen concentration sensor 14 is divided into two branch outlets, one branch outlet is connected with the inlet of the first electric regulating valve 15 through a pipeline, and the other branch outlet is connected with the inlet of the second electric regulating valve 19 through a pipeline; the first electric regulating valve 15 to the third check valve 36 are connected with the first flame suppressor 16, the high-flow catalytic reactor 17 and the second flame suppressor 18 in sequence through pipelines; the second electric regulating valve 19 to the fourth check valve 37 are sequentially connected with a third flame suppressor 20, a low-flow catalytic reactor 21 and a fourth flame suppressor 22 through pipelines; the second flame suppressor 18 and the fourth flame suppressor 22 are simultaneously connected with a second oxygen concentration sensor 23 through a pipe; the second oxygen concentration sensor 23 to the inlet of the oil tank 1 are sequentially connected with a hot side channel of the preheater 12, a hot side channel of the cooler 24, a gas channel of the water separator 25, a third temperature sensor 27, a safety device 28 and a second flame arrester 29 through pipelines; a water sprayer 26 is connected between the liquid channel of the water separator 25 and the cold side channel of the cooler 24 through a pipeline; the second inlet of the water sprayer 26 is connected with the ram air through a pipeline; the third oxygen concentration sensor 30 is connected to the oil tank 1 via a probe.
The first temperature sensor 5, the first pressure sensor 6, the first flow sensor 7, the first oxygen concentration sensor 14 and the second oxygen concentration sensor 23 are connected in parallel through cables and are connected with the current input end of the automatic controller 31; the second temperature sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10, the second flow sensor 11 and the third temperature sensor 27 are connected in parallel through cables and are connected with the current input end of the automatic controller 31; the third oxygen concentration sensor 30 is connected to the current input terminal of the automatic controller 31 through a cable. The current output end of the automatic controller 31 is respectively connected with the current input end of the flow regulating valve 8 and the current input end of the safety device 28 through cables; the current output end of the automatic controller 31 is respectively connected with the current input ends of the variable frequency fan 4, the electric heater 13, the first electric regulating valve 15 and the second electric regulating valve 19 through cables.
As shown in fig. 2, the outlet of the safety device 28 is connected with the gas inlet of the washing injector 33 through a pipeline, an oil pump 32 is connected between the fuel outlet at the bottom of the oil tank 1 and the fuel liquid inlet of the washing injector 33 through a pipeline, and the washing injector 33 is arranged below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the oil tank 1. By arranging the washing injector 33, the low-water content inerting mixed gas flows into the fuel oil in the fuel tank 1, the oxygen content in the fuel oil is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so that the inerting purpose is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the outlet of the safety device 28 is connected by a pipe to the inlet of a gas distributor 34, the outlet of said gas distributor 34 being below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the tank 1. The low-water content inerting mixed gas flows into the fuel oil in the fuel tank 1 through the gas distributor 34, the oxygen content in the fuel oil is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so that the inerting purpose is achieved.
Specifically, the operation method of the fuel tank system of the aircraft comprises the following steps:
and (3) starting a system: the third oxygen concentration sensor 30 detects the oxygen concentration in the gas phase space of the oil tank 1 and transmits signals to the automatic controller 31, when the oxygen concentration is greater than a given value, the automatic controller 31 is communicated with a circuit among the variable frequency fan 4, the flow regulating valve 8, the electric heater 13, the first electric regulating valve 15 and the second electric regulating valve 19, the variable frequency fan 4 and the electric heater 13 are opened, the flow regulating valve 8 is opened, and the system is in a working state. While the automatic controller 31 communicates the circuits between the first temperature sensor 5, the first pressure sensor 6, the first flow sensor 7, the second temperature sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10, the second flow sensor 11, the first oxygen concentration sensor 14 and the second oxygen concentration sensor 23 and collects data. The automatic controller 31 switches the inerting mode by controlling the opening and closing of the first and second electric control valves 15 and 19. The first electric regulating valve 15 is opened, the second electric regulating valve 19 is closed, the flow regulating valve 8 is positioned at a large opening degree, and catalytic combustion reaction is carried out in the large-flow catalytic reactor 17, so that the high-flow catalytic reaction mode is adopted; when the first electric regulating valve 15 is closed, the second electric regulating valve 19 is opened, the opening of the flow regulating valve 8 is reduced, and the catalytic combustion reaction is performed in the small-flow catalytic reactor 21, so that the catalytic reaction is in a small-flow catalytic reaction mode.
And (3) closing a system: when the third oxygen concentration sensor 30 detects that the gas-phase space oxygen concentration of the oil tank 1 is smaller than a given value, the automatic controller 31 cuts off the circuit among the variable frequency fan 4, the flow regulating valve 8, the electric heater 13, the first electric regulating valve 15 and the second electric regulating valve 19, the variable frequency fan 4 and the electric heater 13 are closed, the flow regulating valve 8 is closed, and the system is in a closed state.
The system protection process comprises the following steps: when the third temperature sensor 27 detects that the outlet gas temperature of the water separator 25 is greater than a predetermined value, the safety device 28 is turned off and the gas is not returned to the tank.
Specifically, the catalytic combustion and inerting process of the aircraft fuel tank system is as follows:
1) Catalytic reaction process:
mode one: in the process of the high-flow catalytic reaction, when the catalytic reaction is just started, the gas phase space oxygen concentration and the fuel steam content at the upper part of the oil tank 1 are high, and the oxygen content at the upper part of the oil tank can be reduced as soon as possible by adopting the high-flow catalytic reactor. The first electric regulating valve 15 is opened, the second electric regulating valve 19 is closed, the variable frequency fan 4 is opened to suck combustible mixed gas in the upper gas phase space in the oil tank 1, at the moment, the variable frequency fan 4 operates at a relatively high frequency, the combustible mixture is composed of gas steam, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and other trace impurities, and the combustible mixture flows through the first flame arrestor 2, the check valve 3, the variable frequency fan 4, the first temperature sensor 5, the first pressure sensor 6 and the first flow sensor 7; the flow regulating valve 8 is now at a large opening, and the engine bleed air flows through the second temperature sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10, the second flow sensor 11 and the second check valve 35 in sequence; after being mixed with engine bleed air, the combustible mixture flows through a cold side channel of the preheater 12 for preheating, then flows through the first oxygen concentration sensor 14, the first electric regulating valve 15 and the first flame suppressor 16 after being heated to the temperature required by the reaction in the electric heater 13, and then carries out catalytic combustion reaction in the high-flow catalytic reactor 17, so that fuel vapor in the combustible mixture is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water vapor, the fuel vapor content in the combustible mixture is reduced, the carbon dioxide concentration is increased, and the combustible mixture becomes high Wen Duohua mixture with high water content, and then flows through the second flame suppressor 18 and the second oxygen concentration sensor 23. The oxygen amount consumed by the reaction and the combustible vapor amount can be known from the data measured by the first oxygen concentration sensor 14 and the second oxygen concentration sensor 23, and the data measured by the first temperature sensor 5, the first pressure sensor 6, the first flow sensor 7, the second temperature sensor 9, the second pressure sensor 10, and the second flow sensor 11, and further the catalytic reactor performance can be analyzed.
Mode two: in the process of small-flow catalytic reaction, after the reaction is carried out for a period of time, the oxygen concentration in the upper space of the oil tank 1 is reduced, a great amount of combustible gas mixture is not required to be pumped for catalytic reaction, at the moment, the first electric regulating valve 15 is closed, the second electric regulating valve 19 is opened, the opening of the flow regulating valve 8 is reduced, and the mode is switched into a more energy-saving small-flow catalytic reaction mode; unlike the mode one, high flow catalytic reaction process is: the reaction gas passes through the first oxygen concentration sensor 14, then flows through the second electric control valve 19 and the third flame suppressor 20 in this order, and then undergoes catalytic combustion reaction in the small-flow catalytic reactor 21.
2) And (3) cooling and dewatering reaction products: releasing heat from the high-water content inert mixed gas at the outlet of the high-flow catalytic reactor 17 or the low-flow catalytic reactor 21 in the hot side channel of the preheater 12, heating the gas flowing through the cold side channel of the preheater 12, converting part of water vapor in the high-water content inert mixed gas after releasing heat into liquid water, and then converting the liquid water into medium-water content inert mixed gas; the medium-water content inerting mixed gas is further cooled by ram air in the gas channel of the cooler 24 to become low-water content inerting mixed gas; the low water content inerting mixture separates gas from liquid water in the water separator 25; the liquid water separated by the water separator 25 enters the water sprayer 26 through the liquid outlet of the water separator 25, and flows through the liquid channel of the cooler 24 to exchange heat with the gas product in the gas channel of the cooler 24 after being mixed with ram air in the water sprayer 26.
3) Flushing the inerting fuel tank: the low-water content inerting mixed gas leaving from the gas outlet of the water separator 25 flows through the third temperature sensor 27, the safety device 28 and the second flame arrester 29 in sequence, and then is sent back to the gas phase space at the upper part of the oil tank 1, and after being mixed with the original gas in the gas phase space, the oxygen content is reduced, the content ratio of carbon dioxide to nitrogen is increased, the combustibility of fuel steam is reduced, and the inerting purpose is achieved; the opening and closing of the safety device 28 is controlled according to the temperature value measured by the third temperature sensor 27, so as to ensure that the fuel tank is in a safe state.
Example 2
The embodiment adopts injector washing inerting, the system is applied to the fuel washing of an aircraft fuel tank or a ground fuel tank, as shown in fig. 2, the fuel tank 1 is an oil storage tank container, a washing injector 33 is arranged at the lower part of the fuel tank 1, an oil pump 32 is connected between a fuel outlet at the bottom of the fuel tank 1 and a fuel liquid inlet of the washing injector 33 through a pipeline, and the washing injector 33 is arranged below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the fuel tank 1.
The working process is as follows:
the inert mixed gas with low water content, which leaves from the gas outlet of the water separator 25, is sent to the washing injector 33, and after being mixed with the fuel oil from the bottom of the fuel tank 1, flows into the fuel oil in the fuel tank 1 from the outlet of the washing injector 33, the oxygen content in the fuel oil is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so as to achieve the purpose of inerting.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the distributor is used for washing the inerted fuel tank, and the system is applied to fuel washing of the fuel tank of an aircraft or the ground, as shown in fig. 3, a gas distributor 34 is placed in the oil in the fuel tank 1, and the outlet of the gas distributor 34 is below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the fuel tank 1.
The working process is as follows:
the low-water content inert mixed gas leaving the gas outlet of the water separator 25 is sent to a gas distributor 34, the gas distributor 34 is arranged in the oil tank 1, the low-water content inert mixed gas flows into the fuel oil in the oil tank 1 from the gas distributor 34 outlet, the oxygen content in the fuel oil is reduced, and the mixed gas is below the explosion limit, so that the purpose of inerting is achieved.
Claims (7)
1. The control method of the catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with the air supplementing function is characterized by comprising an oil tank (1), wherein a gas outlet at the upper end of the oil tank (1) is connected with a first flame arrester (2), a first check valve (3), a variable frequency fan (4), a first temperature sensor (5), a first pressure sensor (6) and a first flow sensor (7) in sequence through pipelines;
the system also comprises engine bleed air which is connected with an inlet of a flow regulating valve (8) through a pipeline;
the outlet of the flow regulating valve (8) is sequentially connected with a second temperature sensor (9), a second pressure sensor (10), a second flow sensor (11) and a second check valve (35) through pipelines;
the outlet of the first flow sensor (7) and the outlet of the second check valve (35) are connected with the inlet of the cold side channel of the preheater (12) through pipelines;
an electric heater (13) and a first oxygen concentration sensor (14) are sequentially connected to the outlet of the cold side channel of the preheater (12) through a pipeline;
the outlet of the first oxygen concentration sensor (14) is connected with the inlet of the first electric regulating valve 15 and the inlet of the second electric regulating valve 19 through two branch pipelines respectively;
the outlet of the first electric regulating valve (15) is sequentially connected with a first flame suppressor (16), a high-flow catalytic reactor (17), a second flame suppressor (18) and a third check valve (36) through pipelines;
the outlet of the second electric regulating valve (19) is sequentially connected with a third flame suppressor (20), a small-flow catalytic reactor (21), a fourth flame suppressor (22) and a fourth check valve (37) through pipelines;
the third check valve (36) and the fourth check valve (37) are simultaneously connected with one end of the second oxygen concentration sensor (23) through pipelines;
the other end of the second oxygen concentration sensor (23) is sequentially connected with a hot side channel of the preheater (12), a hot side channel of the cooler (24), a gas channel of the water separator (25), a third temperature sensor (27), a safety device (28) and an oil tank (1);
a water sprayer (26) is connected between the liquid channel of the water separator (25) and the cold side channel of the cooler (24) through a pipeline, a second inlet of the water sprayer (26) is connected with ram air through a pipeline, and a third oxygen concentration sensor (30) is connected with the oil tank (1) through a probe; the system also comprises an automatic controller (31);
the control method of the system comprises the following steps:
the system opening process comprises the following steps: the third oxygen concentration sensor (30) detects the gas-phase space oxygen concentration of the oil tank (1) and transmits a signal to the automatic controller (31), when the oxygen concentration is larger than a given value, the automatic controller (31) is communicated with a circuit among the variable frequency fan (4), the flow regulating valve (8), the electric heater (13), the first electric regulating valve (15) and the second electric regulating valve (19), the variable frequency fan (4) and the electric heater (13) are opened, the flow regulating valve (8) is opened, and the system is in a working state;
meanwhile, an automatic controller (31) is communicated with a circuit among the first temperature sensor (5), the first pressure sensor (6), the first flow sensor (7), the second temperature sensor (9), the second pressure sensor (10), the second flow sensor (11), the first oxygen concentration sensor (14) and the second oxygen concentration sensor (23) and collects data; an automatic controller (31) switches an inerting mode by controlling the opening and closing of the first electric regulating valve (15) and the second electric regulating valve (19);
the system closing process comprises the following steps: when the third oxygen concentration sensor (30) detects that the gas-phase space oxygen concentration of the oil tank (1) is smaller than a given value, the automatic controller (31) opens a circuit among the variable frequency fan (4), the flow regulating valve (8), the electric heater (13), the first electric regulating valve (15) and the second electric regulating valve (19), the variable frequency fan (4) and the electric heater (13) are closed, the flow regulating valve (8) is closed, and the system is in a closed state;
the system protection process comprises the following steps: when the third temperature sensor (27) detects that the outlet gas temperature of the water separator (25) is higher than a specified value, the safety device (28) is disconnected, and the gas is not returned to the oil tank.
2. A method for controlling a fuel tank system for a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft with air make-up according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the safety device (28) is connected to the upper gas phase space of the tank (1) by means of a second flame arrester (29).
3. The method for controlling a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air make-up according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the safety device (28) is connected to the tank (1) through a washing injector (33), and that the washing injector (33) is under the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the tank (1); the washing injector (33) is also connected with the oil tank (1) through an oil pump (32).
4. The method for controlling a fuel tank system of a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft with air supplementing according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the safety device (28) is connected with the fuel tank (1) through a pipeline and a gas distributor (34), the gas distributor (34) is arranged in the oil liquid of the fuel tank (1), and the outlet of the gas distributor (34) is arranged below the lowest liquid level at the bottom of the fuel tank (1).
5. A method of controlling a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with air make-up according to claim 1, characterized in that said automatic controller (31) comprises three current inputs and two current outputs;
the first temperature sensor (5), the first pressure sensor (6), the first flow sensor (7), the first oxygen concentration sensor (14) and the second oxygen concentration sensor (23) are connected in parallel through cables and are connected in parallel with one current input end of the automatic controller (31);
the second temperature sensor (9), the second pressure sensor (10), the second flow sensor (11) and the third temperature sensor (27) are connected in parallel through cables and are connected in parallel with the two current input ends of the automatic controller (31);
the three current input ends of the automatic controller (31) are connected with the upper gas phase space of the oil tank (1) through a third oxygen concentration sensor (30);
one current output end of the automatic controller (31) is respectively connected with the current input end of the flow regulating valve 8 and the current input end of the safety device (28) through cables;
the two current output ends of the automatic controller (31) are respectively connected with the current input ends of the variable frequency fan 4, the electric heater (13), the first electric regulating valve (15) and the second electric regulating valve (19) through cables.
6. A method for controlling a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with make-up according to claim 1, wherein said process further comprises the step of washing the inerting fuel tank with an injector, in particular: the low-water content inerting mixed gas from the outlet of the water separator (25) enters the washing injector (33) and flows into the fuel in the fuel tank (1) from the outlet of the washing injector (33) after being mixed with the fuel at the bottom of the fuel tank (1).
7. A method for controlling a catalytic combustion inerting aircraft fuel tank system with make-up according to claim 1, wherein said process further comprises the step of washing the inerting fuel tank with a dispenser, in particular: the inert gas mixture with low water content from the outlet of the water separator (25) is fed into a gas distributor (34), and flows into the fuel in the fuel tank (1) from the outlet of the gas distributor (34).
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| CN108639361B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2023-09-26 | 南京航空航天大学 | Fuel tank inerting device combining plasma and photocatalysis technologies |
| CN108639362B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2023-10-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Inerting fuel tank based on biological treatment technology |
| CN108639360A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-10-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of fuel-tank inert gas system based on corona discharge technology |
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| US11447263B2 (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2022-09-20 | General Electric Company | Fuel oxygen reduction unit control system |
| US10850861B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2020-12-01 | Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation | Catalytic fuel tank inerting apparatus for aircraft |
| US20200180777A1 (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-11 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Catalytic fuel tank inerting apparatus for aircraft |
| US11254439B2 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2022-02-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Catalytic fuel tank inerting apparatus for aircraft |
| CN109552648B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2022-02-18 | 中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心 | Fuel tank inerting system of helicopter |
| CN110053780B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2024-04-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Flow direction conversion type oxygen consumption inerting system |
| CN110092004B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2024-04-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Combined oxygen consumption type and molecular sieve type fuel tank inerting device |
| CN110697063B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-12-11 | 重庆交通大学 | Closed-loop aircraft fuel tank airborne inerting system |
| CN113135296B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-03-08 | 金陵科技学院 | System for inhibiting fuel oil coking and working method thereof |
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