CN107851499A - 高功率密度电磁致动器 - Google Patents

高功率密度电磁致动器 Download PDF

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CN107851499A
CN107851499A CN201580081635.1A CN201580081635A CN107851499A CN 107851499 A CN107851499 A CN 107851499A CN 201580081635 A CN201580081635 A CN 201580081635A CN 107851499 A CN107851499 A CN 107851499A
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pole shoe
magnetic
armature
support
armature component
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J·J·沃特斯特雷德
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0251Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0603Multiple-way valves
    • F16K31/061Sliding valves
    • F16K31/0613Sliding valves with cylindrical slides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0675Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081Magnetic constructions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/128Encapsulating, encasing or sealing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607Armatures entering the winding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0251Elements specially adapted for electric control units, e.g. valves for converting electrical signals to fluid signals
    • F16H2061/0253Details of electro hydraulic valves, e.g. lands, ports, spools or springs
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/085Yoke or polar piece between coil bobbin and armature having a gap, e.g. filled with nonmagnetic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086Structural details of the armature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F2007/163Armatures entering the winding with axial bearing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1661Electromagnets or actuators with anti-stick disc

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种电磁致动器,其包括通量回流管、具有极靴分路的极靴以及具有磁性部分和非磁性隔件的衔铁组件。该电磁致动器还包括两个用于衔铁组件的非磁性支撑窄带,其中支撑窄带中的一个在通量回流罐上滑动而第二支撑窄带在极靴分路上滑动。

Description

高功率密度电磁致动器
技术领域
本发明涉及电磁致动器。更具体地,本发明的领域涉及用于机动车辆应用中的电磁致动器。
背景技术
在电磁致动器设计的历史中,一个不变的追求是,通过降低电磁致动器的重量、最大化电磁致动器的力输出或最小化给电磁致动器提供动力所需的电流来使效率(有时候被称为功率密度)最大化。电磁致动器通常具有壳体、磁连接至壳体的通量回流(通常被称为通量管)以及通过通量扼流圈与通量回流磁隔开的极靴。磁衔铁可滑动地安装在通量回流和极靴内。理想地,衔铁、通量扼流圈与极靴之间的径向间隙应当足够宽,以允许衔铁自由移动,但其应当尽可能狭小,以使磁效率最大化。
在电磁阀中使用的电磁致动器的示例示出在序列号为14/408,044的美国专利申请(米尔斯等人,下文称为“米尔斯”)中,其中该专利申请于2015年5月28日作为公开为第2015/0144820号美国专利公开,其公开内容以引用的方式加入本文中。
米尔斯公开了具有铁磁壳体10的电磁阀7。壳体10沿其下端具有一系列狭槽(未示出),以有助于弯曲突片12,这些突片与液压本体16的倾斜部分14相接触,以将其捕获至壳体10和通量垫圈或极靴18。通常而言,壳体10沿其下端是打开的,但在其顶端20上是关闭的。壳体10形成大体上呈管状的封套。可对壳体10进行机加工、深拉或锻造。通常被称为通量回流或通量管22的第一铁磁环形构件位于壳体内部,并在其中大体上轴向延伸。通量管22通过非磁性对齐管24与通常被称为极靴分路26的第二铁磁环形磁构件径向对齐。极靴分路26通过一体化的极靴18与壳体磁连接。极靴18沿着轴向接口80与液压本体接触。间隙28使通量管22与极靴分路26在轴向上磁隔开。线圈和线轴组件30使通量管22及极靴分路26与壳体10径向并列。该线圈和线轴组件包括通常为聚合物的非磁线轴32,其由铜线圈束34所包围。线圈34电致动以致动铁磁衔铁36的移动。电连接器35被设置以为线圈34提供电流。
铁磁衔铁36可滑动地安装在通量管22和极靴26内。壳体的顶端20具有朝下向内延伸的凹坑42,以有助于防止衔铁36与壳体10发生磁锁定。衔铁36或通量管22及极靴26可具有由非磁性材料(诸如镍或其他非磁性化合物)组成的薄内衬,从而有助于防止发生侧锁定。衔铁36还具有一系列轴向通道46,以允许电磁阀7内的流体在衔铁36的轴向侧之间移动。衔铁36通过与衔铁36相连接的球体52使阀构件50发生移动。
液压本体16具有由横孔56所提供的排气进口/出口通道。横孔58与供给压力相连。轴向孔60与控制压力相连。如图所示,螺线管7通常为低控制压力电磁阀。液压本体16为具有金属内衬垫或套管64的聚合物构件。具有滑阀部分66的阀构件50可滑动地安装在套管内。滑阀部分66通过与垫圈70接合的弹簧68进行弹簧偏置。滑阀66具有与贯穿一系列横孔74的控制压力相连接的内部通道72。通常,横孔74设置为在其中它们与横孔56流体上连通,从而使控制压力与排气相连通。为了使控制压力与供应压力相连,致动线圈34引起衔铁36移动以抵抗弹簧68的偏置,从而导致横孔74与液压本体横孔58的流体连通,该液压本体横孔与流体供给连接以增加系统中的液压。线圈34的致动在极靴,壳体和通量管中产生了通量环路。由于间隙28,通量环路将跳过衔铁36,然后通过衔铁退出到极靴分路26,导致衔铁36到达最小磁阻点从而导致衔铁36向下移动。
如上所述,衔铁可以镀镍,以使螺线管磁体设计的非工作气隙最小化,从而提高螺线管效率并增加螺线管功率密度。在设计和制造上花费了大量精力来对齐极靴和通量管的中心线,以使衔铁与极靴分路之间的偏心最小。任何偏心都会对螺线管的滑动摩擦产生不利影响,因为磁性侧载对偏心非常敏感。此外,衔铁和极靴分路之间的公称径向间隙被设计为足够大以保持磁侧载在不够理想的对齐和偏心的控制下。
在随后电磁致动器17的生成(图2)中,提供了一体式成核设计,其中,通量回流管19和极靴分路21被制造为具有薄的“通量桥”25以连接这两部件的单件钢23。通过以这种方式制造所述组件,实现了近乎完美的偏心,并且减小衔铁37和极靴分路21之间的公称间隙以提高电磁致动器17的磁效率。然而,由于在所引入的“通量桥”中的磁短路,效率的损失抵消了一些这种改进的效率。
最为两全其美的是:径向间隙小并且在通量回流和极靴分路之间没有短路。
发明内容
为了表明上述和其他的愿望,在此给出本发明的启示。本发明赋予电磁致动器的自由度,其中通量回流管和极靴分路轴向地分离并且通过非磁性部件直接地(通过磁外壳或通过一些其他手段)来对齐。上述设置实现了良好的,但不完全的对齐。本发明的磁钢衔铁在靠近极靴分路的衔铁的端部与非磁性间衬垫结合。衔铁和隔件可以通过压配合,焊接或烧结工艺进行结合。然后将非磁性或半磁性支撑材料添加到衔铁隔件组件(在本文中称为衔铁组件)中以在衔铁组件的每个端部处形成两个支撑表面。在一个优选的实施方案中,非磁性复合涂料以两个窄条的形式涂敷到衔铁组件的外径上。一个窄条尽可能远离极靴分路,并在通量回流管内径上滑动,以作为第一支撑。在衔铁组件的尽可能靠近极靴分路的一端涂敷第二窄带。第二非磁性复合涂料窄条至少部分地涂敷在隔件本身上,并作为第二支撑。
上述结构的优点在于,衔铁组件的磁性部分可以完全从极靴分路冲出,而具有复合涂料支承窄带的隔件保持在极靴分路内并保持滑动接触和对齐。在本发明之前,不可能使用极靴分路作为第二支撑,除非其与通量回流管和“通量桥”一体化成型的,以便在衔铁冲出极靴分路时支撑该衔铁。
根据下文提供的详细描述,本发明的其他应用领域将变得显而易见。应理解,尽管详细的说明和特定的示例表明了本发明的优选实施方案,但是它们仅用于解释的目的,而非用于限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
根据下文提供的详细描述和所附附图,本发明将变得更容易理解,其中:
图1为本发明之前的一电磁致动器的截面图;
图2为本发明之前的另一电磁致动器的截面图;
图3为根据本发明的电磁致动器的截面图;
具体实施方式
以下对优选实施方案的描述实质上只是示例性的,而决非用来限制本发明、其应用或使用。
参考图3,提供了根据本发明的电磁致动107。电磁致动器107具有通量管122,该通量管与壳体110磁性连接。通量管122轴向分离并且通过非磁性对齐管124或通过一些其他装置与极靴126分路对齐。极靴分路126具有在通量管122的0.40mm内径123内的内径125。通量管122和极靴分路126对齐以具有在0.05mm同心度之内的中心线。
衔铁组件136被设置成可滑动地安装在通量管122和极靴分路126内。衔铁组件136具有软磁钢部分139。在衔铁磁性部分的下部轴向面141上设置有非磁性隔件143。非磁性隔件143防止衔铁和极靴118的轴向平坦部145之间的磁性锁定。衔铁磁钢部分139和非磁性隔件143可以通过粘合剂,焊接或烧结工艺相结合。在未示出的实施方案中,非磁性隔件可具有延伸进入(或超过)磁性部分的轴向孔(或轴向外部凹槽)并且被压配合在其中(在其上)的内毂(或外缘)。
衔铁组件136具有由两个非磁性支撑窄带所提供的上部支承138和下部支承140。支撑窄带138,140通常由非磁性复合材料和/或非磁性聚合物材料制成。第一支撑窄带138在通量管122上滑动,并且通常位于远离极靴分路126的极端位置。第二支撑窄带140在衔铁组件的尽可能最靠近极片单元126的一端涂敷在衔铁组件136上。第二非磁性复合支撑窄带140至少部分地涂敷在非磁性隔件146上。如图所示,第二支撑窄带具有还连接到衔铁组件磁性部分139上的部分152。通常优选的是,衔铁磁性部分139和非磁性隔件143具有共同外径。通过,非磁性隔件143具有0.6mm或更大的轴向长度。连接在非磁性隔件上的支撑窄带140的部分159在轴向长度上优选为至少0.5mm。当衔铁组件处于远离极靴分路126的极端位置时(衔铁组件136从其位置稍微向上移动,如图3所示),优选地,衔铁磁性部分139不会轴向穿过极靴分路126。在上述极限位置处,连接到非磁性隔件143的下部支撑窄带154的部分为支撑组件136提供支撑。
本发明的描述本质上仅仅是示例性的,因此,不偏离本发明的主旨的变型包括在本发明的范围内。不将这样的变型认为是脱离了本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种电磁致动器,其包括:
通量回流管;
包括极靴分路的极靴,所述极靴具有在所述通量回流管0.40mm内径内的内径并且其中所述极靴分路和所述通量回流管在轴向分离组件中对齐以具有在0.05mm同心度内的中心线;
衔铁组件,所述衔铁组件包括软磁部分和非磁性隔件,以及
两个连接在所述衔铁组件上的非磁性支撑窄带,所述支撑窄带具有0.025-0.100mm的厚度,其中所述支撑窄带的一个在所述通量回流管上滑动,而所述支撑窄带的第二个在所述极靴分路上滑动并且连接在所述非磁性隔件上。
2.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中,所述支撑窄带中的至少一个由聚合物材料制成。
3.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中,所述第二支撑窄带还连接在所述衔铁的所述磁性部分。
4.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中,当所述衔铁组件处于远离所述极靴的极限位置时,所述衔铁组件的所述磁性部分不穿透所述极靴分路。
5.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中,所述衔铁组件磁性部分和所述衔铁组件非磁性隔件具有共同外径。
6.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中所述第二支撑窄带具有在所述非磁性隔件上至少0.5mm的轴向长度。
7.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中所述第二支撑窄带具有在所述非磁性隔件上至少0.6mm的轴向长度。
8.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中,所述第一隔件连接在所述衔铁组件远离所述极靴的所述磁性部分的极限端部。
9.根据前述或以下权利要求中的一项或多项所述的电磁致动器,其中所述衔铁组件磁性部分由低碳钢制成。
10.一种电磁致动器,其包括:
通量回流管;
包括极靴分路的极靴,所述极靴具有在所述通量回流管0.40mm内径内的内径并且其中所述极靴分路和所述通量回流管在轴向分离组件中对齐以具有在0.05mm同心度内的中心线;
衔铁组件,所述衔铁组件包括软磁部分和非磁性隔件,以及
两个连接在所述衔铁组件上的非磁性支撑窄带,所述支撑窄带具有0.025-0.100mm的厚度,其中所述支撑窄带的一个在所述通量回流管上滑动,而所述支撑窄带的第二个在所述极靴分路上滑动并且连接在所述非磁性隔件和所述衔铁组件磁性部分上,并且其中当所述衔铁组件在远离所述极靴的极限位置的时候所述衔铁组件的所述磁性部分不穿透所述极靴分路。
11.一种电磁致动器,其包括:
通量回流管;
包括极靴分路的极靴,所述极靴具有在所述通量回流管0.40mm内径内的内径并且其中所述极靴分路和所述通量回流管通过非磁性对齐管在轴向分离组件中对齐以具有在0.05mm同心度内的中心线;
衔铁组件,所述衔铁组件包括软磁部分和非磁性隔件,以及
两个连接在所述衔铁组件上的非磁性支撑窄带,所述支撑窄带具有0.025-0.100mm的厚度,其中所述支撑窄带的一个在所述通量回流管上滑动,而所述支撑窄带的第二个在所述极靴分路上滑动并且连接在所述非磁性隔件和所述衔铁组件磁性部分上,所述非磁性隔件具有至少0.6mm的轴向长度,并且其中所述第二支撑窄带在所述非磁性隔件上具有至少0.5mm的轴向长度,并且其中当所述衔铁组件在远离所述极靴的极限位置的时候所述衔铁组件的所述磁性部分不穿透所述极靴分路。
CN201580081635.1A 2015-07-13 2015-07-13 高功率密度电磁致动器 Pending CN107851499A (zh)

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US20180202572A1 (en) 2018-07-19

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