CN107850775B - Image forming apparatus with a plurality of image forming units - Google Patents
Image forming apparatus with a plurality of image forming units Download PDFInfo
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- CN107850775B CN107850775B CN201580080962.5A CN201580080962A CN107850775B CN 107850775 B CN107850775 B CN 107850775B CN 201580080962 A CN201580080962 A CN 201580080962A CN 107850775 B CN107850775 B CN 107850775B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
Abstract
An imaging device, comprising: the optical lens system comprises N concentric spherical optical lens groups (1), wherein each optical lens group (1) images the same observation target (S) to form N first optical images, and N is a natural number greater than 1; and M imaging detectors (3) arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group (1), wherein each imaging detector (3) acquires partial images of different parts of the first optical image and converts optical signals of the partial images into electric signals, and M is a natural number greater than 1. The imaging device has compact structure, small volume, light weight and easy assembly and adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wide-angle high-definition imaging, in particular to an imaging device and an imaging system carried on an airplane or an automobile.
Background
For example, a JMAPS (Small Single lens astronomical measurement spacecraft) IS a 2 × 2 sensor combination, the overall resolution of an imaging part IS 8k × 8 k.the adoption of a plurality of cameras and the realization of high-resolution images through an image splicing technology IS another technology with wider application, and IS more applied in a ground imaging system.
Fig. 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of an AWARE system in the prior art, and as shown in fig. 1, due to the spherical symmetry of the concentric optical system, a corresponding concentric spherical portion of a local field of view 5 images a corresponding object on a primary image plane 4. Because the field curvature at the primary image surface is large, and when the detectors are adjacently placed, the non-photosensitive surface of the detector can cause the loss of part of the field of view after imaging. Therefore, the relay optical assembly 2 is adopted to secondarily image the primary image surface on the photosensitive surface of the detector 3, and the problems of field curvature and field of view deficiency are solved. In the imaging system based on the concentric sphere and the relay lens, the system has a large volume due to the existence of the relay optical path, and the optical axes of all the relay optical paths must pass through the sphere center due to the symmetry requirement of the spherical optical system, so that the difficulty in assembling and adjusting the system is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-described drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide an imaging device, an imaging system mounted on an airplane or an automobile, which is compact, small, and lightweight.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus including: each optical lens group images the same observation target to form N first optical images, wherein N is a natural number greater than 1; and M imaging detectors arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, wherein each imaging detector acquires partial images of different parts of the first optical image and converts optical signals of the partial images into electric signals, and M is a natural number greater than 1.
The present invention also provides an image forming apparatus, comprising: each concentric spherical optical lens group performs same view field imaging on an observation target to form N first optical images, wherein at least 50% of the images of the N first optical images are the same, and N is a natural number greater than 1; and M imaging detectors arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, wherein each imaging detector acquires partial images of different parts of the first optical image, the splicing sum of the partial images acquired by the M imaging detectors at least comprises at least 50% of the same first optical image, and M is a natural number greater than 1.
The aforementioned image forming apparatus, further comprising: and the M image correcting lenses are arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, are positioned between the concentric spherical optical lens group and the imaging detector, perform image quality correction on the first optical image, and provide the first optical image after image quality correction for the imaging detector.
In an embodiment of the imaging device, the first optical image formed by the concentric spherical optical lens group is a long strip.
The aforementioned image forming apparatus, further comprising: and the mechanical mechanism is used for fixing and protecting the concentric spherical optical lens group, the imaging detector and the image correcting mirror.
The aforementioned image forming apparatus, further comprising: and the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the included angle between the N concentric spherical optical lens groups so as to enable each concentric spherical optical lens group to image the same observation target.
The aforementioned image forming apparatus, further comprising: and the image processing system is in signal connection with the M imaging detectors, receives the electric signals converted by the imaging detectors, and performs image non-uniformity correction, image distortion correction, image splicing, image storage, image compression and/or image display.
In the imaging device, the concentric spherical optical lens group includes four flat rows of spherical lenses having the same spherical center.
In the aforementioned imaging apparatus, the imaging detector is a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) photosensor or a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) photosensor.
In the imaging device, the imaging detector is a visible light imaging detector, an infrared imaging detector, a low-light level imaging detector, an ultraviolet imaging detector, a terahertz imaging detector or a combination thereof.
The present invention also provides an imaging system mounted on an airplane or an automobile, comprising: the aforementioned imaging device.
The present invention additionally provides a multispectral imaging system, comprising: the aforementioned imaging device.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an imaging method including: the method comprises the steps that a plurality of concentric spherical optical assemblies perform same view field imaging on an observation target to obtain a first optical image; the image quality correction is carried out on the first optical image by the image correction lenses to obtain a second optical image, wherein the image quality correction comprises field curvature correction; the plurality of imaging detectors acquire a second optical image and convert an optical signal of the second optical image into an electric signal; the image correction lens and the imaging detector are arranged on the imaging side of each concentric spherical optical component in pairs, the planes where the plurality of concentric spherical optical components are located are parallel, the image correction lens and the imaging detector are arranged on the imaging side of each concentric spherical optical component, and the image correction lens and the imaging detector arranged on the imaging side of the adjacent concentric spherical optical component are arranged in a staggered and complementary mode, so that the second optical image is a complete image.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. By the technical scheme, the imaging device provided by the invention at least has the following advantages:
the imaging device disclosed by the invention adopts the superposition of a plurality of concentric spherical optical lens groups, does not need secondary imaging of a subsequent relay system, realizes large-field-of-view high-resolution imaging, and has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, light weight, easiness in assembly and adjustment and the like compared with the conventional imaging mode.
In the imaging device, the concentric spherical optical lens group is relatively fixed at the position of the imaging detector, and a subsequent software and hardware processing system is relatively simple and can conveniently realize multispectral imaging.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic optical path diagram of a prior art AWARE system.
Fig. 2A is a narrow field-of-view side schematic view of a first exemplary embodiment of an imaging apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2B is a schematic view of the wide field of view side of the first exemplary embodiment of the imaging apparatus of the present invention
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first exemplary embodiment of the imaging apparatus of the present invention capturing an observation target under a narrow field angle.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the registration of a first optical image of a first exemplary embodiment of the imaging apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a second exemplary embodiment of an imaging apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a third exemplary embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the concentric spherical optical lens group of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation positions of the concentric spherical optical lens group, the curvature of field corrector lens and the detector in fig. 6.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the concentric spherical optical lens group, the curvature of field corrector lens and the detector of FIG. 6.
FIG. 10A is a full field of view image as observed by the imaging device of FIG. 6;
fig. 10B is a view of a field of view observed through the upper assembly of the imaging device shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 11C is a view of a field of view observed through the lower assembly of the imaging device shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of an image forming apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description will be made of specific embodiments, steps, structures, features and effects of the imaging device, the imaging system mounted on an airplane or an automobile according to the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
The present invention proposes an imaging apparatus, comprising: n concentric spherical optical lens groups and M imaging detectors. The concentric spherical optical lens group performs same view field imaging on an observation target to form N first optical images, wherein at least 50% of the images of the N first optical images are the same, and N is a natural number greater than 1. The imaging detectors are arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, each imaging detector acquires partial images of different parts of the first optical image, the splicing sum of the partial images acquired by the M imaging detectors at least comprises at least 50% of the same first optical image, and M is a natural number greater than 1. The image identity between the N first optical images can be at least 60-100%
Fig. 2A, fig. 2B, fig. 3 and fig. 4 are a schematic diagram of a narrow view field side, a schematic diagram of a wide view field side, a schematic diagram of an observation target acquired under a narrow view field, and a schematic diagram of a coincidence of first optical images, respectively, in an imaging device according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
For convenience of illustration, the imaging device 100 of the exemplary embodiment in fig. 2A to 4 is illustrated with two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 and three imaging detectors 3, wherein the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 has a field of view of 30 ° × 10 °, and the imaging detector 3 has a field of view of 10 ° × 10 °
The two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 are adjacently arranged, the left concentric spherical optical lens group 1 images an observation target S to form a first optical image TL (solid line in fig. 4), and the first optical image TL is in a strip shape and has a wide section F corresponding to a wide view field of 30 ° and a narrow section Q corresponding to a narrow view field of 10 ° directions. The right concentric spherical optical lens group 1 images an observation target S to form a first optical image TR (fig. 4 dotted line) having a rectangular frame with a wide section F corresponding to a direction of a wide field of view of 30 ° and a narrow section Q corresponding to a direction of a narrow field of view of 10 °. The first optical image TL and the first optical image TR are overlapped by the wide section F, the narrow section Q is partially staggered, and the staggered distance is the distance between the two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1. In this embodiment, the first optical image TL and the first optical image TR are at least 50% overlapped. In other embodiments, there may be at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 87%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% overlap, or 100% overlap.
And in the three imaging detectors 3, two imaging detectors 3 are arranged on the imaging side of the left concentric spherical optical lens group 1, and the two imaging detectors 3 acquire partial images of the left 10 ° part and the right 10 ° part of the wide section F of the first optical image TL formed by the left concentric spherical optical lens group 1. Another imaging detector 3 is disposed on the imaging side of the right concentric spherical optical lens group 1, and acquires a partial image of the central 10 ° portion where the right concentric spherical optical lens group 1 forms the first optical image TR. The sum of the partial image stitching acquired by the three imaging detectors 3 contains the portion where the first optical image TL and the first optical image TR coincide.
The imaging apparatus 100 is particularly suitable for an environment with a long distance from the lens to the observation target, such as an environment for shooting or photographing the earth surface in the air with a height of 15000 m, but not limited thereto. The distance from the lens to the observation target may be more than 30 meters, for example, 300 meters, 500 meters, 700 meters, 1300 meters, 3000 meters, 4000 meters, 8000 meters, 10000 meters, 15000 meters, 20000 meters, 35000 or 30 meters to 35000 meters, and the like. The distance between the concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 is generally within 0.5 m, which is much smaller than the distance H between the lens and the observation target. The fields of view of the concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 therefore appear approximately to be the same field of view.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an imaging device 100 according to a second embodiment of the invention. The imaging apparatus 100 of the present embodiment is different from the aforementioned first embodiment in that it further includes an angle adjustment structure 30 for adjusting the angle of the concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 so that the first optical images formed by the concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 are the same or the same observation target is imaged.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an imaging device 100 according to a third embodiment of the invention. The imaging apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes: the system comprises two concentric spherical optical lens groups 1, six imaging detectors 3, six groups of field curvature correcting mirrors 6 for image quality correction, a fixed frame 7 for mounting and fixing optical components, a software and hardware system 9 for subsequent image processing and a cable 8 for connecting the detectors and the software and hardware processing system.
As shown in fig. 7, the concentric spherical optical lens assembly 1 includes four spherical mirror systems, and the inner and outer four lenses have eight effective optical surfaces, wherein the six spherical surfaces are concentric except for two planes of the inner two lenses, and the curvature radii of the six spherical surfaces may be the same or different; the concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is of a flat structure, and the light incident surface R is a partial spherical surface having a wide view field direction and a narrow view field direction.
Referring to fig. 8, a curvature of field corrector lens 6, in this example, three sets of curvature of field corrector lenses 6, are disposed between the concentric spherical optical lens assembly 1 and the imaging detector 3. The concentric spherical optical lens group 1 can image a target to obtain an optical image of about 60 degrees by 10 degrees of field of view, the field curvature correction lens 6 can perform image quality correction, especially field curvature correction, and the corrected optical image can be projected on a photosensitive surface of the imaging detector 3. The photosensitive surface of each imaging detector 3 corresponds to a field of view of about 10 degrees in a square, and the three groups of field curvature correction lenses 6 are arranged at intervals of 9.5 degrees with respect to the optical axis of the detector 3.
Referring to fig. 9, the two concentric spherical optical lens assemblies 1 are arranged in parallel, and the optical axes of the two central fields of view are deflected by 9.5 degrees. Because the upper and lower two layers of concentric spherical optical lens groups 1 are arranged in parallel, and the distance between the two layers is very small relative to the shooting distance, the two layers can image the same field of view approximately. If the taken full-field-of-view image is as shown in fig. 10A, in such a case, the optical image acquired by the upper concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is as shown in fig. 10B, the optical image acquired by the lower concentric spherical optical lens group 1 is as shown in fig. 10C, and the image data on the six imaging detectors 3 can be subjected to subsequent image stitching processing to obtain a complete image as shown in fig. 10A.
The fixing frame 7 is mainly used for fixing and protecting the concentric spherical optical lens group 1, the field curvature correcting lens 6 and the imaging detector 3.
The image processing system 9 mainly includes hardware circuits and corresponding processing software, and the image processing system 9 receives the image data of the detector 6 and performs preprocessing, image stitching, compression, display and other image processing.
The single detector 3 has a 10-degree square field of view, and can realize a 60-degree 10-degree field of view after splicing, and the resolution is as high as 3000 meters to 0.1 meter. The detector 3 may use a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) photosensor or a charge-coupled device (CCD) photosensor. The detector 3 may also be a visible light spectral imaging detector, an infrared light spectral imaging detector, a low-light spectral imaging detector, an ultraviolet light spectral imaging detector, or the like.
The present invention also provides an imaging system carried on an aircraft or vehicle, which includes the aforementioned imaging apparatus 100.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an imaging device 100 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. The imaging device 100 of the present embodiment includes two sets of visible light concentric spherical optical lens groups 10 and two sets of infrared light concentric spherical optical lens groups 11; a visible light field curvature correcting mirror and a visible light imaging detector 12 are arranged on the imaging side of the visible light concentric spherical optical lens group 10; an infrared field curvature correcting lens and an infrared light imaging detector 13 are arranged on the imaging side of the infrared light concentric spherical optical lens group 11. Because the two sets of concentric spherical optical lens groups 10 and 11 are adjacently arranged, and the distance between the two sets of concentric spherical optical lens groups is far smaller than the shooting distance, the visible light and infrared imaging systems still approximate to the same visual field, and the software and hardware processing system 9 can be matched to conveniently realize full-view multispectral imaging and make up for the defect that single spectral information is limited. Besides visible light and infrared, the imaging method can also be used for multispectral imaging such as ultraviolet, dim light, terahertz and the like, but not limited to the multispectral imaging.
The imaging device 100 of the invention uses a plurality of concentric spherical optical lens groups and a plurality of imaging detectors, and can make up for the field of view deficiency of the non-photosensitive area at the edge of the detector, so that the imaging device has the advantages of compact structure, high resolution, large field of view, complete field of view, small system volume, light weight and the like.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An image forming apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: each concentric spherical optical lens group performs same view field imaging on the same observation target to form N first optical images, wherein at least 50% of the images among the N first optical images are the same, and N is a natural number greater than 1; and M imaging detectors arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, each imaging detector acquiring partial images of different parts of the first optical image and converting optical signals of the partial images into electric signals, the splicing sum of the partial images acquired by the M imaging detectors at least comprises at least 50% of the same first optical image, wherein M is a natural number greater than 1,
the image forming apparatus further includes:
the angle adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the included angle between the N concentric spherical optical lens groups;
and the M image correcting lenses are arranged on the imaging side of the concentric spherical optical lens group, are positioned between the concentric spherical optical lens group and the imaging detector, perform image quality correction on the first optical image, and provide the first optical image after image quality correction for the imaging detector.
2. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein said concentric spherical optical lens group forms said first optical image as a strip.
3. The imaging apparatus of claim 2, further comprising: and the mechanical mechanism is used for fixing and protecting the concentric spherical optical lens group, the imaging detector and the image correcting mirror.
4. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: and the image processing system is in signal connection with the M imaging detectors, receives the electric signals converted by the imaging detectors, and performs image non-uniformity correction, image distortion correction, image splicing, image storage, image compression and/or image display.
5. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein said concentric spherical optical lens group comprises four flat rows of spherical lenses having the same spherical center.
6. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging detector is a complementary metal oxide semiconductor photosensor or a charge-coupled device photosensor.
7. The imaging apparatus of claim 1, wherein the imaging detector is a visible light imaging detector, an infrared imaging detector, a micro light imaging detector, an ultraviolet imaging detector, a terahertz imaging detector, or a combination thereof.
8. An imaging system for mounting on an aircraft or automobile, comprising: the imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A multispectral imaging system, comprising: the imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2015/081462 WO2016201604A1 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2015-06-15 | Imaging device |
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| CN107850775A CN107850775A (en) | 2018-03-27 |
| CN107850775B true CN107850775B (en) | 2020-06-26 |
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| CN112525342A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-19 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Imaging field of view mosaic structure |
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| JP2011099816A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-19 | Sony Corp | Condenser lens and three-dimensional distance measuring device |
| CN203838419U (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-09-17 | 苏州大学 | Optical imaging system for large-scale high-resolution remote sensing camera |
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| US6097545A (en) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-08-01 | Photobit Corporation | Concentric lens with aspheric correction |
| CN101350877A (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-21 | 索尼株式会社 | Imaging system, imaging instruction issuing apparatus, imaging apparatus, and imaging method |
| CN103064171A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2013-04-24 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Novel high resolution large visual field optical imaging system |
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| CN107850775A (en) | 2018-03-27 |
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