CN107845948A - A kind of disc laser of resonance intracavity pump - Google Patents
A kind of disc laser of resonance intracavity pump Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/094084—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light with pump light recycling, i.e. with reinjection of the unused pump light, e.g. by reflectors or circulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
- H01S3/0604—Crystal lasers or glass lasers in the form of a plate or disc
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of disc laser of resonance intracavity pump, and comprising an active gain mirror, the pump laser and disc laser resonator of active gain mirror are inserted with a resonator.Resonator of the present invention also inserts the gain substance for being made as thin slice on the basis of traditional pump cavity, and forms the speculum of resonator, or the resonator formed for above-mentioned thin plate crystals itself stimulated radiation light amplification.The present invention comes and goes caused high power laser light to realize the multiple pumping purpose to disc laser using laser resonator intracavitary, to disk laser crystal pump power density than outside chamber more than high decades of times in resonator, absorption efficiency of the disk crystal to pump light can be improved, especially to non-absorbing peak pumping situation.Pump cavity and disk laserresonator are separate in the present invention, can both realize the cascaded pump of disc laser, can realize the tune Q of pump cavity again, are exported with obtaining multi-wavelength and narrow spaces, high peak power pulse laser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectron, and particularly relates to a novel disc solid laser.
Background
The disc solid laser is thin in gain medium, consistent in heat conduction direction and laser light emitting direction, weak in thermal lens effect, good in heat conduction effect, capable of bearing large laser power density, capable of obtaining pulse laser output from continuous to high peak power, and accepted by academia and industry.
However, since the disc laser crystal is thin, the thickness is generally 50 to 500 micrometers, and the single absorption of the pumping light is weak, a complex structure is required to pump the disc crystal for multiple times, such as a parabolic mirror and a right-angle turning prism multiple pumping scheme of the german rapid corporation, a double-paraboloid conjugate imaging multiple pumping scheme of the university of science and technology in china, and the like.
The problems of the prior art are mainly two-fold. Firstly, the cost of the conjugate double paraboloids is high, two expensive paraboloidal mirrors are needed (an imported paraboloidal mirror with a good surface shape, the surface shape is generally low in pv value, the aberration of focusing imaging is small, and each paraboloidal mirror is about 4 ten thousand dollars), and the system is complex; while our solution requires only the usual spherical mirror (less than 100 rmb in one piece). Secondly, the pumping scheme of the multi-pumping conjugate double-paraboloid system increases the pumping times by spatially translating the pumping light, and the method has the disadvantages that the caliber (size) of the paraboloidal mirror is correspondingly increased along with the increase of the pumping times, and the cost is also increased; in our solution, however, the pumping times are more than for the double parabolic multiple pumping (theoretically infinite times) and no changes in the size of the mirrors are required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a disc laser pumped in a resonant cavity aiming at overcoming the defects or the improvement requirements in the prior art, and aims to utilize the extremely high-power intracavity back-and-forth oscillation laser resonated in the cavity of a common solid laser to pump a gain disc for multiple times with high power, thereby achieving the purposes of increasing the absorption efficiency, improving the light-light conversion efficiency and the like on the basis of not changing the doping concentration and the thickness of the gain disc.
The invention provides a disk laser pumped in a resonant cavity, which comprises an active gain mirror (2), a pump laser with the active gain mirror inserted in the resonant cavity and a disk laser resonant cavity; wherein:
the resonant cavity of the pump laser comprises two pump reflectors (3) and (4), the optical axes of the two reflectors are positioned on the incident reflection light path of the active gain mirror to form a pump laser resonant cavity with the gain reflection function of the active gain mirror (2), and pump light gain substances are arranged on the light path between the pump reflectors and the disc; or,
the resonant cavity of the pump laser is formed by a pump reflector (3) and an active gain mirror (2), the active gain mirror (2) is used as a reflector with gain added on the other surface to replace a reflector (4), and the active gain mirror and the pump reflector form a pump laser resonant cavity; a pumping light gain substance (1) is arranged on a light path between the pumping reflector and the active gain mirror;
the resonant cavity of the disc laser comprises a reflector (4) with certain transmissivity (namely an output mirror, the transmissivity in the disc laser is 1 to 7 percent generally) and another output light reflector (3), and the two mirrors are positioned on the incident reflection light path of the active gain mirror; the reflector (4) with certain transmissivity is an output light window; or,
the optical axis of an output mirror of the resonant cavity of the disc laser is coincided with the normal of the active gain mirror, the active gain mirror replaces a holophote and the output mirror to form the resonant cavity of the disc laser, and the coincidence of a reflection light path and an output light path of the disc laser is realized, so that one holophote can be reduced;
the active gain mirror is a thin active crystal with a thickness of 50 micrometers to 1 millimeter and is used for forming a gain material of a disc laser. The active gain mirror has the functions of realizing multiple absorption and increasing the pumping rate of the active gain mirror by using the pumping laser which is repeatedly oscillated back and forth in the pumping source resonant cavity as a pumping source.
Preferably, the pump laser resonant cavity is further provided with a focusing system (10) for focusing the pump light of the pump laser onto the active gain mirror to improve the pump intensity; because the threshold pumping power density of the active gain mirror is very high, when the power density is not enough, a focusing system needs to be added in the cavity, the size of the optical plate is reduced, and the power density is increased; when the intra-cavity pump power density is less than the threshold pump power of the active gain mirror, we employ this focusing system in the cavity such that the pump power density on the active gain mirror exceeds the threshold pump power density of the active gain mirror.
Preferably, the disc laser also comprises a laser pulse modulation device which is arranged on the pumping optical path (12) or the laser emitting optical path (18) and converts the laser which is continuously output into pulse laser to realize high-power pulse pumping or output; the pulse modulation device is arranged in a pumping light path, belongs to pulse pumping and outputs pulse laser; the pulse modulation device is arranged on a laser emergent light path, belongs to continuous pumping and outputs pulse laser, such as Q modulation.
Preferably, the disc laser further includes a frequency doubling device disposed on the pumping light path or the laser emitting light path for doubling the frequency of the pumping light and the laser to realize intracavity frequency doubling pumping or extracavity frequency doubling output.
Preferably, the output mirror of the disc laser is an active gain mirror, and a total reflection mirror (15) and an output mirror (16) which form a resonant cavity with the active gain mirror are additionally arranged on the output mirror, and the total reflection mirror (15) and the output mirror (16) are positioned on an incident reflection light path of the active gain mirror to realize re-pumping enhancement and output of the disc laser.
Preferably, the pump source of the disc laser is a solid state laser or a semiconductor laser (17); the pumping mode is side light pumping or end pumping realized by using a dichroic mirror.
Preferably, the thickness of the active gain mirror of the disk laser is 50um-2mm, and the diameter is 5mm-30 mm; the upper surface of the active gain mirror is coated with a high antireflection film for pumping light, and the lower surface of the active gain mirror is coated with a high reflection film for pumping light; such a choice of parameters ensures that the active gain mirror is thin enough to act as a mirror when dealing with cavity problems, and the active gain mirror acts as a mirror, which has the greatest advantage that the pump light and the laser can be non-coaxial, freeing the optical path.
Preferably, the output system of the disk laser is a dichroic mirror, is placed at the position of the cavity mirror of the pumping source, has high anti-reflection to the corresponding level laser, increases the secondary laser loss in the pumping source cavity, and has no change to the laser loss in the pumping source cavity; the purpose of this is to prevent parasitic oscillations in the pump cavity.
Preferably, the shape of the reflection system of the disk laser is spherical or aspherical, and the reflection system is configured as a gaussian mirror, a fresnel mirror, an aspherical mirror, a plane mirror, a deformable mirror, or the like, and is used for controlling the spatial distribution of the pumping power on the upper surface of the active gain mirror.
The invention provides a pumping scheme in a resonant cavity, which comprises one or more pumping lasers (comprising a gain substance, a pumping source and a cavity mirror), one or more active gain mirrors (hereinafter referred to as discs), one or more double-color reflecting mirrors, the cavity mirror corresponding to the discs and an output mirror. According to the actual situation, a plane reflector can be added; one or more sets of coupling systems can be added according to actual conditions; one or more sets of pulse modulation devices may be added, depending on the circumstances.
As shown in fig. 1, 1 is the gain material of the pump laser, 2 is a disc, 3 is an output light reflector of the pump laser, 4 is another reflector of the pump laser, 5 is an output mirror of the disc laser, 6 is an output light reflector of the disc laser, 7 is the laser oscillated in the pump laser, 8 is the laser oscillated in the disc laser, and 9 is the pump source of the pump laser.
When the system works, a pumping source 9 pumps a gain medium 1 of a pumping laser, laser 7 generated by the gain medium 1 oscillates between a cavity mirror 3 and a cavity mirror 4, wherein the cavity mirrors 3 and 4 have high reflection on the wavelength corresponding to the light beam 7; the light beam 7 is incident on the disc 2, the disc 2 absorbs part of the light beam 7, the rest of the light beam is reflected by the disc 2, irradiates the cavity mirror 4 and is reflected back to the disc 2, after the part of the light beam is absorbed by the disc 2 again, the rest of the light beam 7 returns to the gain medium 1, is amplified by the gain medium, is reflected by the cavity mirror 3 and returns to the disc 2 again, and the 'intracavity pumping' of the disc 2 is completed, wherein the 'cavity' refers to a resonant cavity which is formed by '3-2-4' and aims at a pumping laser; after the disc 2 is pumped by the laser beam 7, generating a laser beam 8 to oscillate between the output mirror 5 and the cavity mirror 6; in order to prevent the laser beam 8 from oscillating between 5 and 6 and also oscillating between 3 and 4 (parasitic oscillation), the anti-reflection of the cavity mirror 3 and the cavity mirror 4 is high corresponding to the wavelength of the laser beam 8; here the cavity mirror 6 is totally reflective for the laser beam 8 and the output mirror 5 is an output mirror for the laser beam 8 and is therefore partially transmissive for the laser beam 8.
Based on the technical scheme, a pulse modulation system (which can be Q-switched, mode-locked and other modules) can be inserted into the cavity if necessary. As shown in fig. 10, the pulse modulation system 12 is inserted into the cavity of the primary laser, and after the pulse modulation is successful, the primary laser starts to pulse pump the disc 2.
Similarly, in the case of need, as shown in fig. 9, the pulse modulation system 18 is inserted into the resonant cavity of the light emitted from the disc 2, and at this time, the pulse modulation system 18 directly performs pulse modulation on the laser light in the cavities 5 to 6, so as to directly obtain the pulse laser output.
On the basis of the above technical solution, if necessary, as shown in fig. 7, a disc 14 may be inserted again into the light-emitting resonant cavity of the disc 2, so that the laser generated by the disc 2 pumps the disc 14 again, and then the cavity mirrors 15 and 16 of the disc 14 are inserted, so as to obtain the laser output of the disc 14.
Note that we only discuss the case of inserting 2 disks in the cavity, and the actual situation can insert multiple disks for multi-stage pumping according to the requirement.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the Q-switching element in the pumping cavity is replaced by a frequency doubling module (comprising a frequency doubling crystal, a polarizing device and the like), so that the intracavity pumping laser which takes intracavity frequency doubling light as a pumping source can be generated.
The invention provides a method for pumping a disc laser crystal for multiple times by using oscillation laser beams in a laser resonant cavity, which simplifies a multiple pumping structure and also improves the laser pumping power density of the disc crystal. In the prior art, resonant laser which reciprocates in a cavity is rarely used as a pumping source directly, and the reason is that the design principle of the resonant cavity is that the smaller the loss in the cavity is, the better the loss in the cavity is. An active crystal is inserted into the cavity, namely an absorber is inserted, so that the loss in the cavity is increased, and the laser is difficult to start oscillation; the active crystal inserted in the cavity is a saturable absorber which has the function of passive Q-switching (Cr: YAG) or passive mode-locking (SESAM) and aims to change the laser in the original laser cavity into pulse laser with equal wavelength; the purpose of the inserted active gain mirror is to convert wavelength and mode differently than usual. The laser for pumping in the cavity can be an external cavity semiconductor laser or a solid laser. The invention can be used for simplex matter pumping and cascade pumping. This method works as long as the spectrum of the pump light is within the absorption spectral bandwidth of the disc crystal.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes the extremely high laser power generated in the cavity of the solid laser to pump the disc at high power, so that more pump light is absorbed by the disc, the reduction of the absorption coefficient caused by the very thin thickness of the disc is overcome, and the excellent thermal effect of the disc can be fully utilized.
2. The invention can pump the gain material by a cheaper non-absorption peak pump source (such as NdYAG solid laser instead of 785nm semiconductor laser) so as to improve the industrial cost advantage. The output mirror is a Gaussian mirror for improving the uniformity of the laser.
3. The invention can effectively reduce the thickness of the disc, thereby improving the surface ratio of the crystal, and compared with the prior art, the invention innovatively uses the disc as the gain medium, thereby having the advantage of reducing the heat effect of the working substance (overcoming the thermal lens effect of the rod-shaped gain substance in the prior art and greatly improving the beam quality under high power).
4. Compared with the common multiple pumping of a disc, the multiple pumping scheme in the cavity saves the intermediate loss of reflectivity and transmittance of a reflector, a prism, a collimating lens and the like, and can utilize the power of pumping light more efficiently.
5. As a reflection system inserted in the cavity, the thickness of the disc crystal is moderate, only the disc crystal can be used as a reflector, especially as shown in fig. 3 (embodiment 2), and the prior art solution can not be realized at all.
6. The invention can not only adjust Q of the pump resonant cavity to realize pulse pumping of the disc crystal, but also directly adjust Q of the disc crystal resonant cavity to directly obtain high peak pulse output of the disc crystal.
7. The invention can utilize an intracavity frequency doubling method to carry out intracavity pumping on the gain medium, thereby improving the utilization rate of frequency doubling laser.
8. The invention can realize pumping of a single disk module and can realize cascade pumping.
9. In the invention, the disc is used as a gain material and a reflector at the same time, so that the optical path can be greatly simplified, and the threshold pumping power density is reduced.
10. The present invention employs a single intracavity pump module, which eliminates the complex and expensive structure of the parabolic solution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of the summary of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows example 1: a disc laser is pumped in the linear cavity;
FIG. 3 shows example 2: a disc laser is pumped in the V-shaped cavity;
FIG. 4 shows example 3: the multi-solid laser cavity pumps the disc laser;
FIG. 5 shows example 4: an intracavity pump disc laser when a coupling system is added in the cavity;
FIG. 6 shows example 5: the first laser cavity mirror is an aspherical mirror, and the first laser cavity mirror is an intracavity pump disc laser;
FIG. 7 shows example 6: the three-stage laser is connected in series to output the intracavity pump disc laser;
FIG. 8 shows example 7: an intracavity pump disk laser for LD direct intracavity pumping;
FIG. 9 shows example 8: a Q-switched disk laser for intracavity pumping;
FIG. 10 shows example 9: the Tm of the intracavity pulse pump is YAG disc laser;
FIG. 11 shows example 10: nd is an intracavity pumped titanium sapphire disc femtosecond laser with YAG intracavity frequency multiplication;
wherein 1 is a gain material Nd, YAG; 2 is Tm is YAG disc; 3 is a spherical mirror, with 1064nm high reflection and 2um high transmission; 4 is a spherical mirror, with 1064nm high reflection and 2um high transmission; 5 is a spherical mirror, 2um partial reflector; 6 is a spherical mirror, 2um high reflection; 7 is laser oscillating in the first-level laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm; 8 is Tm, 2um laser generated by YAG disc; 9 is Nd: a pumping source of YAG; 10 is a focusing lens, which has high transmittance for 1064 nm; 11 is a Gaussian reflector; 12 is a 1064nm Q-switching module; 13 is a power meter; 14 is Ho, YAG disc; 15 is a spherical mirror, 2.1um high reflection; 16 is a plane mirror, and 2.1um is partially reflected; an external cavity semiconductor laser with the central wavelength of 780nm 17; 18 is a 2um Q-switching module; 19 is 1064 frequency doubling module; 20 is a plane mirror, which has high reflection at 532nm and high transmission at 1064 nm; 21 is a spherical mirror, and 1064nm and 532nm are totally reflected; 22 is a spherical mirror, 1064nm and 532nm are totally reflected, and the curvature is the same as or different from that of 21; 23 is laser with central wavelength of 523 nm; 24 is Ti, Sapphire disc; 25 is a spherical mirror, which reflects part of 600 nm-1200 nm; 26 is a spherical mirror, and has high reflection to 600 nm-1200 nm; 27 is a spherical mirror, has high reflection at 600 nm-1200 nm and has a curvature different from 26; 28 is a brewster mirror; and 29 is a dispersion compensating prism.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
The resonant cavity of the first order laser in embodiment 1 is a linear cavity, which is the simplest case.
The gain material 1 of the first-order laser is Nd: YAG, 9 is Nd: YAG pump source, 7 is laser oscillating in the first laser cavity, the central wavelength is 1064nm, the spherical cavity mirror is 3 to 1064nm high reflection, to 2um high reflection. The dichroic mirror is used to prevent the 2um laser generated by the disk 2 from forming parasitic oscillation between the resonators 3-2. Disc 2 is Tm: YAG, chamber mirror 6 is 2um total reflection mirror, and output mirror 5 is 2 um's partial reflection mirror, and output mirror 5's effect is system output 2um laser, and 13 is the power meter for monitor the power size in the one-level laser intracavity.
In the test, the angle of the reflector 3 is adjusted to enable the laser 7 to resonate between the resonant cavities 2-3, the power meter 13 displays the readings at the moment, and the angle of the reflector 3 is continuously adjusted until the maximum reading of the power meter 13 is P1. Let the reflectivity of the cavity mirror 3 be R3We can know that the power in the cavity is P at this time1/(1-R3). At this point we readjust the cavity mirror 6 and the output mirror 5 until the power count behind the output mirror 5 is maximum and the laser adjustment is complete.
Example 2
The V-pump approach of embodiment 2 can easily solve this situation when the absorption coefficient of the disc 2 of embodiment 1 is too low to absorb enough pump light for the disc 2 to generate laser light.
The gain material 1 of the first-order laser is Nd: YAG, 9 is Nd: YAG pump source, 7 is laser oscillating in the first laser cavity, the central wavelength is 1064nm, the spherical cavity mirror is 3 to 1064nm high reflection, to 2um high reflection. The dichroic mirror is used to prevent the 2um laser generated by the disk 2 from forming parasitic oscillation between the resonators 3-4. The plane mirror 4 is a 1064nm total reflection mirror disk. 2 is Tm: YAG, chamber mirror 6 is 2um total reflection mirror, and output mirror 5 is 2 um's partial reflection mirror, and output mirror 5's effect is system output 2um laser, and 13 is the power meter for monitor the power size in the one-level laser intracavity.
In the test, the angle of the reflector 4 is adjusted to enable the laser 7 to resonate between the resonant cavities 4-3, the power meter 13 displays the readings at the moment, and the angle of the reflector 4 is continuously adjusted until the power meter 13 has a maximum index of P1. Let the reflectivity of the cavity mirror 4 be R4We can know that the power in the cavity is P at this time1/(1-R4). At this point we readjust the cavity mirror 6 and the output mirror 5 until the power count behind the output mirror 5 is maximum and the laser adjustment is complete.
The difference between embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that the 1064nm laser passes through the disc 24 times in embodiment 2, and only 2 times in embodiment 1, so the absorption coefficient of the disc is 2 times that of embodiment 1.
Example 3
The intracavity pumping scheme of multiple first order lasers in series in example 3 can solve this situation when the pump power density in the cavity of the first order lasers in examples 1 and 2 is too low to generate laser light with too low an absorption coefficient of the disc 2.
The gain material 1 of the first-order laser is Nd: YAG, 9 is Nd: YAG pump source 7 is laser oscillating in the first laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm. Here we use two primary lasers in series as the pump source.
The spherical cavity mirror has 3 pairs of high reflection at 1064nm and high reflection increase at 2 um. The dichroic mirror is used to prevent the 2um laser generated by the disk 2 from forming parasitic oscillation between the resonators 3-3. 2 is Tm: YAG, chamber mirror 6 is 2um total reflection mirror, and output mirror 5 is 2 um's partial reflection mirror, and output mirror 5's effect is system output 2um laser, and 13 is the power meter for monitor the power size in the one-level laser intracavity.
In the test, the angle of one of the reflectors 3 is adjusted to enable the laser 7 to resonate between the resonant cavities 3-3, the power meter 13 displays the readings at the moment, and the angle of the reflector 3 is continuously adjusted until the maximum reading of the power meter 13 is P1. Let the reflectivity of the cavity mirror 3 be R3It can be known that the cavity is at this timePower of P1/(1-R3). At this point we readjust the cavity mirror 6 and the output mirror 5 until the power count behind the output mirror 5 is maximum and the laser adjustment is complete.
The difference between embodiment 3 and embodiments 1 and 2 is that embodiment 3 has two co-cavity first-order lasers, and thus the pumping power density of the disk is doubled compared with embodiments 1 and 2.
Example 4
The intracavity focusing lens solution of embodiment 4 can solve this situation when the pump power density in the cavity of the first-order laser of embodiment 3 is still too low to generate laser light with too low an absorption coefficient of the disc 2.
The gain material 1 of the first-order laser is Nd: YAG, 9 is Nd: YAG pump source 7 is laser oscillating in the first laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm. The spherical cavity mirror has 3 pairs of high reflection at 1064nm and high reflection increase at 2 um. The dichroic mirror is used to prevent the 2um laser generated by the disk 2 from forming parasitic oscillation between the resonators 3-2. 2 is Tm: YAG, chamber mirror 6 is 2um total reflection mirror, and output mirror 5 is 2 um's partial reflection mirror, and output mirror 5's effect is system output 2um laser, and 13 is the power meter for monitor the power size in the one-level laser intracavity.
In embodiment 4 we have inserted a focusing system 10 in the cavity of the primary laser, which focuses the laser spot in the cavity to a smaller spot, resulting in an increased power density on the disc 2.
In the test, the angle of one of the reflectors 3 is adjusted to enable the laser 7 to resonate between the resonant cavities 3-2, the power meter 13 displays the readings at the moment, and the angle of the reflector 3 is continuously adjusted until the maximum reading of the power meter 13 is P1. Let the reflectivity of the cavity mirror 3 be R3We can know that the power in the cavity is P at this time1/(1-R3). At this point we readjust the cavity mirror 6 and the output mirror 5 until the power count behind the output mirror 5 is maximum and the laser adjustment is complete.
Embodiment 4 is different from embodiments 1, 2 and 3 in that embodiment 4 has a focusing system inserted in the first-order laser, so that the pumping power density of the disc is several times that of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, and the pumping power density on the disc 2 can be greatly increased.
Example 5
Since the pumping spots on the disc 2 are gaussian distributed in the first few embodiments, the disc is prone to crack when the pumping power density in the cavity of the first-order laser in embodiment 4 is too high, so that the thermal distribution on the surface of the disc is not uniform. In this case, the aspherical mirror cavity solution in embodiment 5 can be used to solve this problem.
The gain material 1 of the first-order laser is Nd: YAG, 9 is Nd: YAG pump source 7 is laser oscillating in the first laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm. The aspheric cavity mirror has 11 pairs of high reflection at 1064nm and high reflection at 2 um. The dichroic mirror is used to prevent the 2um laser generated from the disk 2 from forming parasitic oscillation between the resonators 11-2. 2 is Tm: YAG, chamber mirror 6 is 2um total reflection mirror, and output mirror 5 is 2 um's partial reflection mirror, and output mirror 5's effect is system output 2um laser, and 13 is the power meter for monitor the power size in the one-level laser intracavity.
The aspherical mirror can be a Gaussian mirror or other reflecting mirror, and the effect of the aspherical mirror is to improve the flat-top performance of the pumping light spot on the disc 2.
In the test, the angle of one of the reflectors 11 is adjusted to enable the laser 7 to resonate between the resonant cavities 11-2, the power meter 13 displays the readings, and the angle of the reflector 11 is continuously adjusted until the power is finishedThe maximum index of the rate meter 13 is P1. Let the reflectivity of the cavity mirror 11 be R11We can know that the power in the cavity is P at this time1/(1-R11). At this point we readjust the cavity mirror 6 and the output mirror 5 until the power count behind the output mirror 5 is maximum and the laser adjustment is complete.
The difference between the embodiment 5 and the embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 is that the cavity mirror of the primary laser in the embodiment 5 is a gaussian mirror, so that the uniformity of the pumping power of the disc can be improved.
Example 6
Since the disc 2 is the gain medium for outputting laser in the previous embodiments, if we cascade-pump the disc 14(Ho: YAG) again with the disc 2 to reduce the quantum defect of the laser process of the disc 14, we can use embodiment 16 to implement it.
The gain material 1 of the first-order laser is Nd: YAG, 9 is Nd: YAG pump source 7 is laser oscillating in the first laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm. The cavity mirror has high reflection at 1064nm and high reflection at 1.9 um. The dichroic mirror is used to prevent the 1.9um laser generated from the disk 2 from forming parasitic oscillation between the resonators 3-4. 2 is Tm: YAG, cavity mirror 6 is 1.9um total reflection mirror, we use disk 14 as the cavity mirror of disk 2 (Tm: YAG), so that laser 8 oscillates between cavity 6-14.
We build a cavity mirror 15 and an output mirror 16 for the disc 14. Wherein the cavity mirror 15 is a total reflection mirror of 2.1um and the mirror 16 is a partial reflection mirror of 2.1 um.
In the test, the angle of one of the reflectors 4 is adjusted to enable the laser 7 to resonate between the resonant cavities 3-4, the power meter 13 displays the readings at the moment, and the angle of the reflector 4 is continuously adjusted until the maximum reading of the power meter 13 is P1. At the moment, the cavity mirror 6 is adjusted until the power meter reading behind the cavity mirror 6 is maximum; finally, we adjustMirrors 15 and 16 are adjusted until the power meter 13 reading behind mirror 16 is maximized and laser adjustment is complete.
The difference between the embodiment 6 and the embodiments 1 to 5 is that the embodiment 6 realizes the series connection of 3-level lasers, and the quantum defect and the thermal effect of the last-level laser can be greatly reduced.
Example 7
Examples 1 to 6 are all cases where the primary laser is semiconductor or lamp pumped Nd: YAG. If the primary pump source is a semiconductor laser, we can place the disc 2 in the resonant cavity of the semiconductor laser, which constitutes the case of embodiment 7.
The gain material 17 of the first-order laser is a semiconductor laser gain medium (17 comprises a cavity mirror) with the central wavelength of 780nm, the gain material 7 is laser oscillating in the cavity of the first-order laser, and the central wavelength of the laser is 780 nm. The 780nm laser oscillates between 2 and 17. 2 is Tm: the YAG disc generates 2um laser to form parasitic oscillation between the resonant cavities 5-6. Cavity mirror 6 is a 2um total reflection mirror, and 5 is a 2um partial reflection mirror.
The disc 2 is adjusted to enable the power of the power meter behind the 17-cavity mirror to reach the maximum; we readjust the cavity mirrors 5 and 6 so that the power of the power meter 13 behind 5 is maximized and the laser adjustment is complete.
Example 8
Examples 1 to 7 describe the case where the laser is continuously operated, and example 8 describes the case where the disk laser is operated in Q-switched mode
A gain material 1 of the primary laser is Nd: YAG crystal, 9 is a pumping source of Nd: YAG, 7 is laser oscillating in a primary laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm. 3 is a 1064nm total reflection mirror, 4 mirrors are totally reflected to 1064nm and simultaneously highly transmit to 2um, and oscillate between 3-4 nm to 1064nm laser. 2 is Tm: the YAG disc generates 2um laser to form parasitic oscillation between the resonant cavities 5-6. Cavity mirror 6 is a 2um total reflection mirror, and 5 is a 2um partial reflection mirror. 18 are Q-switched modules (which may include Q-switches, polarization modules, modulation systems, power supplies, etc.) placed within the TmYAG's resonators 5-6. After the reading of the power meter 13 behind the output mirror 5 reaches the maximum, the Q-switching module 18 is adjusted, and the pulse output of the 2um laser can be realized.
Example 9
Examples 1 to 8 describe the case of continuous pumping of the first-order laser, and example 9 describes the case of pulse pumping of the first-order laser into the disk laser.
A gain material 1 of the primary laser is Nd: YAG crystal, 9 is a pumping source of Nd: YAG, 7 is laser oscillating in a primary laser cavity, and the central wavelength is 1064 nm. 3 is a 1064nm total reflection mirror, 4 mirrors are totally reflected to 1064nm and simultaneously highly transmit to 2um, and oscillate between 3-4 nm to 1064nm laser. 2 is Tm: the YAG disc generates 2um laser to form parasitic oscillation between the resonant cavities 5-6. Cavity mirror 6 is a 2um total reflection mirror, and 5 is a 2um partial reflection mirror. A1064 nm Q-switching module (which may include Q-switches, polarization modules, modulation systems, power supplies, etc.) is placed within the NdYAG cavity 3-4. After the reading of the power meter 13 behind the output mirror 4 reaches the maximum, the Q-switching module 18 is adjusted, and the pulse output of a 1064nm laser can be realized; at this time, the output mirror 5 and the cavity mirror 6 are adjusted to obtain 2um laser output of TmYAG under the condition of pulse pumping, and the output power of the power meter 13 behind the mirror 5 is adjusted to be the maximum.
Example 10
Examples 1 to 9 describe the case of a non-ultrafast laser, and example 10 describes the case where the first-stage laser is an intracavity frequency doubling laser and the second-stage laser is a femtosecond laser of a sapphire disk Ti.
A gain substance 1 of the primary laser is Nd: YAG crystal, 9 is a pumping source of Nd: YAG, 19 is KTP crystal, 20 is a green light total reflection mirror, 21 and 22 of cavity mirrors are total reflection mirrors with the wavelength of 1064nm and 532nm, 23 is laser after intracavity frequency doubling, and the central wavelength is 532 nm. 24 is Ti sapphire disk crystal with a thickness of 0.5 mm. 25 is a partial reflecting mirror, 26 and 27 are total reflecting mirrors, the coverage spectral line range of 25, 26 and 27 is 600 nm-1200 nm, 28 is a Brewster mirror, and 29 is a dispersion compensation prism.
When the laser works, 1064nm laser oscillated in the cavity is changed into 532nm laser 23 under the action of the frequency doubling crystal 19, a Ti sapphire disk generates laser with a very wide emission spectrum under the pumping of 532nm, the laser crystal and air generate unnecessary redundant dispersion under the action of the peak power of ultrafast laser, two prisms 29 are used for balancing the laser crystal and the air to eliminate the dispersion, and the final ultrafast laser is output through an output mirror 25.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A disk laser pumped in a resonant cavity is characterized by comprising an active gain mirror (2), a pump laser and a disk laser resonant cavity; wherein:
the resonant cavity of the pump laser comprises two pump reflectors (3) and (4), the optical axes of the two reflectors are positioned on the incident reflection light path of the active gain mirror to form a pump laser resonant cavity with the gain reflection function of the active gain mirror (2), and pump light gain substances are arranged on the light path between the pump reflectors and the disc; or,
the resonant cavity of the pump laser is formed by a pump reflector (3) and an active gain mirror (2), the active gain mirror (2) is used as a reflector with gain added on the other surface, and the pump reflector and the active gain mirror form a pump laser resonant cavity; a pumping light gain substance (1) is arranged on a light path between the pumping reflector and the active gain mirror;
the disc laser resonant cavity comprises a reflector (4) with certain transmissivity and another output light reflector (3), and the two reflectors are positioned on an incident reflection light path of the active gain mirror; the reflector (4) with certain transmissivity is an output light window; or,
the optical axis of an output mirror of the resonant cavity of the disc laser is coincided with the normal of an active gain mirror, and the active gain mirror replaces a total reflection mirror and the output mirror to form the resonant cavity of the disc laser, so that the coincidence of a reflection light path and an output light path of the disc laser is realized;
the active gain mirror is a thin-sheet active crystal used for forming a gain material of a disc laser, and the thickness of the active crystal is preferably 50 micrometers to 1 millimeter.
2. An in-cavity pumped disc laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cavity of the pump laser is further provided with a focusing system (10) for focusing the pump light of the pump laser onto the active gain mirror for increasing the pumping intensity.
3. The intracavity pumped disc laser of claim 1, further comprising a laser pulse modulation device disposed on said pumping optical path (12) or said laser emitting optical path (18) for converting a continuously output laser into a pulsed laser to realize a high power pulsed pumping or output.
4. The intracavity pumped disc laser of claim 1, further comprising frequency doubling means disposed in the pumping optical path or the laser emission optical path for doubling the frequency of the pump light and the laser light to achieve intracavity frequency doubling pumping or extracavity frequency doubling output.
5. The disk laser pumped in the resonant cavity according to claim 1, wherein the output mirror is an active gain mirror, and a total reflection mirror (15) and an output mirror (16) forming the resonant cavity are further provided, and the total reflection mirror (15) and the output mirror (16) are located on an incident reflection light path of the active gain mirror to achieve re-pumping enhancement and output of the disk laser.
6. A disk laser pumped in a resonant cavity as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pump source is a solid state laser or a semiconductor laser (17); the pumping mode is side light pumping or end pumping realized by using a dichroic mirror.
7. An intracavity pumped disc laser as claimed in claim 1 wherein said active gain mirror is 50um to 2mm thick and 5mm to 30mm in diameter; the upper surface of the active gain mirror is coated with a high antireflection film for the pumping light, and the lower surface of the active gain mirror is coated with a high reflection film for the pumping light.
8. The disk laser pumped in the resonant cavity as set forth in claim 1, wherein the output system is a dichroic mirror, which is disposed at the cavity mirror position of the pumping source, for increasing the anti-reflection of the corresponding laser beam, increasing the secondary laser loss in the pumping source cavity, while keeping the laser loss in the pumping source cavity unchanged.
9. A disk laser pumped in a resonator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pump laser reflection system is spherical or aspherical in shape and is configured as a gaussian mirror, fresnel mirror, aspherical mirror, plane mirror or anamorphic mirror, etc. for controlling the spatial distribution of the pump power on the upper surface of the active gain mirror.
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| CN108988108A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-11 | 西南技术物理研究所 | Semiconductor laser pumping alkali metal Optical Maser System with V-type pumping configuration |
| CN110086070A (en) * | 2019-05-19 | 2019-08-02 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of high pumping absorbs, the novel sheet laser structure of high-power output |
| CN110838666A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2020-02-25 | 南京先进激光技术研究院 | Low-quantum-defect thin-chip laser and laser output method thereof |
| CN112636146A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-09 | 江苏师范大学 | High-power mode-locked disc laser |
| CN115425509A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2022-12-02 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Short pulse laser and laser equipment based on V-shaped dynamic stable cavity design |
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