CN107843969B - Multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device and method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifocal frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device and a method thereof, relating to the technical field of optical imaging and comprising an electric lifter and a focusing mechanism, wherein the electric lifter comprises an object stage, an aperture and a fixing clamp for fixing a sample to be detected are arranged on the object stage, a convergent lens is arranged above the object stage, and a half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens is arranged above the convergent lens; the focusing mechanism comprises a sweep frequency light source and a first optical fiber coupler, a reference light path and a sample light path are connected to the first optical fiber coupler light path, the reference light path comprises a first optical circulator, a first collimating lens and a plane mirror, and the sample light path comprises an optical circulator and a polarization controller. The invention has the advantages that the distance between the sample to be detected and the focus of the optical system is analyzed and automatically focused by introducing interference generated by coherent light, and the focusing precision and speed are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical imaging, in particular to a multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device and a method thereof.
Background
The traditional focusing is generally adjusted manually, and in the focusing process, certain operation skill is required for focusing, and if the experience of an operator is insufficient, the focus cannot be determined. The current automatic focusing systems mainly include an automatic focusing system by means of an external auxiliary measuring device and an automatic focusing system based on image quality evaluation. The former is to realize automatic focusing by the distance between the optical system and the imaged target, but this method is complex in installation and debugging and complex in system structure, and therefore is less used. The latter is to use the automatic focusing evaluation function to search the focus position for the quality of the collected image, and the system is simple to implement, convenient to use and more in application. At present, an automatic focusing system based on image quality evaluation mainly adopts a motor to drive a platform to move, and uses a focusing evaluation function to feed back motion, so that an observed object is adjusted to be in focus. Both methods are limited by motor precision, hysteresis error, response speed and the like in the motor movement process, and focusing error can be caused. Because optical systems have a certain depth of field range, in many optical focusing systems, only a part of the surface of a sample with low flatness is adjusted to a focal plane, and the depth of field of the optical systems is not fully utilized, so that the sample can increase the clear field area within the depth of field range. Therefore, in order to improve the speed and the precision of automatic focusing and increase the clear field area within the depth of field, the invention provides a method and a device for focusing the multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, provides a multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device and a method thereof, analyzes the distance between a sample to be detected and the focus of an optical system by introducing coherent light to generate interference and automatically focuses, and effectively improves the focusing precision and speed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multifocal frequency scanning OCT focusing device comprises an electric lifter and a focusing mechanism, wherein the electric lifter comprises an object stage, an aperture and a fixing clamp for fixing a sample to be detected are arranged on the object stage, a convergent lens is arranged above the object stage, and a half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens is arranged above the convergent lens; the focusing mechanism comprises a sweep frequency light source and a first optical fiber coupler, a reference light path and a sample light path are connected to the light path of the first optical fiber coupler, the reference light path comprises a first optical circulator, a first collimating lens and a plane reflector, the sample light path comprises a second optical circulator and a polarization controller, the second optical circulator is connected with a second collimating lens and an optical switch controller according to the light path, the optical switch controller is connected with the first optical fiber collimating lens, the second optical fiber collimating lens, the third optical fiber collimating lens and the fourth optical fiber collimating lens, the polarization controller and the first optical circulator are both connected with the second optical fiber coupler, the second optical fiber coupler is connected with a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector is connected with a computer, and the computer is electrically connected with the electric lifting machine;
a motor is arranged in the electric elevator, the motor is connected with the computer, a screw rod is connected to the motor, and the screw rod is in threaded connection with the objective table;
an aperture adjusting knob for adjusting the size of the aperture is arranged on the objective table;
the included angle between the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror and the horizontal line is 45 degrees;
the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens is a semi-transmitting lens with high reflection infrared light white light transmission characteristic;
the first fiber coupler is a 2 x 1 fiber coupler and the second fiber coupler is a 2 x 2 fiber coupler.
The focusing method of the multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a sample to be detected in a fixing clamp of an electric elevator;
(2) inputting the depth of field and the focal length of an optical system in an automatic focusing program of Labview of a computer, calibrating a focal position F and a depth of field range D1-D2 in the automatic focusing program of Labview, controlling light to emit successively through an optical switch controller, collecting interference signals, receiving the interference signals by a photoelectric detector, converting the light signals into electric signals, and collecting the electric signals through the automatic focusing program of Labview;
(3) carrying out Fourier transformation on the collected electric signal data, displaying a focus calibration position F, positions of a plurality of different points, and calibrating the position of a focus and the positions of the different points in an automatic focusing program of Labview, wherein the automatic focusing program of Labview differentiates every two distances from the positions of the different points to a half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror;
(4) the automatic focusing program of the Labview is characterized in that the distances from the positions of a plurality of different points to the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror are differed in pairs, wherein in the first condition, if the difference between the two points is less than 8 mu m, the automatic focusing program of the Labview judges that a sample to be detected is approximately flat, and the automatic focusing program of the Labview calculates the distance △ S from the electric elevator to the focus1Finally, driving an electric elevator by an automatic focusing program of the Labview, and moving the sample to be detected to a focal plane by the electric elevator by one step to finish focusing; love of a personSecondly, if the difference between every two samples is greater than or equal to 8 mu m, the automatic focusing program of the Labview judges that the sample to be detected is uneven, and the automatic focusing program of the Labview selects the optimal moving distance △ S of the electric elevator by using an automatic selection focusing algorithm2And finally, driving an electric elevator by an automatic focusing program of the Labview, and moving the sample to be detected to the field depth range by one step to ensure that the field of view of the sample to be detected is clear as much as possible so as to finish automatic focusing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts an automatic focusing method based on sweep frequency OCT to realize a multi-focus automatic focusing function, can realize the comprehensive control of an electric lifter, an optical switch, a sweep frequency light source and a photoelectric detector through a labview program, utilizes interference signals acquired by a sweep frequency OCT system to analyze to obtain the distance between 4 paths of light at different 4 points and a semi-reflecting semi-transparent mirror, uses a flatness algorithm and an automatic selection focusing algorithm to calculate the flatness of a sample to be detected, judges whether the sample is flat or not, and selects a focusing mode, thereby calculating the distance from the sample to be detected to the focus of the optical system or automatically selecting the optimal moving distance. And finally, feeding the focusing mode and the calculation result back to the electric elevator by the labview program, and realizing one-step movement to the calculated distance after the lifting platform receives the feedback, thereby realizing one-step automatic focusing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a focusing method of a multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the optical path of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the motorized lift;
FIG. 4 is a surface view of the position of four different collection points of a sample to be tested;
FIG. 5 is a domain-swept OCT basic schematic;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the results of Labview autofocus program calculations.
In the figure: 1-sweep light source, 2-first optical fiber coupler, 3-first optical circulator, 4-first collimating lens, 5-plane reflector, 6-second optical circulator, 7-second collimating lens, 8-optical switch controller, 9-first optical fiber collimating lens, 10-second optical fiber collimating lens, 11-third optical fiber collimating lens, 12-fourth optical fiber collimating lens, 13-half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens, 14-converging lens, 15-electric lifter, 151-objective table, 152-motor, 153-screw, 16-aperture adjusting knob, 17-fixing clamp, 18-polarization controller, 19-second optical fiber coupler, 20-photoelectric detector, 21-computer and 22-aperture.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, a multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing apparatus includes an electric elevator 15 and a focusing mechanism, the electric elevator 15 includes an object stage 151, an aperture 22 and a fixing clamp 17 for fixing a sample to be detected are disposed on the object stage 151, a computer 21 is electrically connected to the electric elevator 15 for controlling the lifting of the electric elevator 15, a motor 152 is disposed in the electric elevator 15, the motor 152 is connected to the computer 21, the computer 21 controls the opening, closing and rotation of the motor 152, a screw 153 is connected to the motor 152, the screw 153 is in threaded connection with the object stage 151, and the motor 152 drives the screw 153 to rotate, thereby controlling the lifting of the object stage 151; the stage 15 is provided with a diaphragm adjustment knob 16 for adjusting the size of the diaphragm 22, and the size of the diaphragm 22 can be adjusted by rotating the diaphragm adjustment knob 16.
A converging lens 14 is arranged above an object stage 15, a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 13 is arranged above the converging lens 14, preferably, the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 13 is a semi-transmitting lens with high-reflection infrared light transmission white light characteristic, an included angle between the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 13 and a horizontal line is 45 degrees, a focusing mechanism comprises a sweep frequency light source 1 and a first optical fiber coupler 2, preferably, the first optical fiber coupler 2 is a 2X 1 optical fiber coupler, the optical path of the first optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with a reference optical path and a sample optical path, the reference optical path comprises a first optical circulator 3, a first collimating lens 4 and a plane reflector 5, the sample optical path comprises a second optical circulator 6 and a polarization controller 18, the second optical circulator 6 is connected with a second collimating lens 7 and an optical switch controller 8 according to the optical path, and the optical switch controller 8, the first optical fiber collimator 9 and the second optical collimator 10, The third fiber collimator 11 and the fourth fiber collimator 12 are connected, the polarization controller 18 and the first optical circulator 3 are connected to a second fiber coupler 19, preferably, the second fiber coupler 19 is a 2 × 2 fiber coupler, the second fiber coupler 19 is connected to a photodetector 20, and the photodetector 20 is connected to a computer 21.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, a focusing method of a multi-focus frequency-sweep OCT focusing apparatus of the present invention is as follows:
(1) installing a sample to be detected in a fixing clamp 17 of an electric lifter 15;
(2) inputting the depth of field and the focal length of an optical system in an automatic focusing program of Labview of a computer 21, calibrating a focal position F and a depth of field range D1-D2 in the automatic focusing program of Labview, controlling light to emit successively through an optical switch controller 8, collecting interference signals, receiving the interference signals by a photoelectric detector 20, converting the light signals into electric signals, and collecting the electric signals through the automatic focusing program of Labview;
(3) the collected electric signal data is subjected to Fourier transform, a focus calibration position F and positions of a plurality of different points are displayed in an automatic focusing program of Labview, in the embodiment, the positions of 4 different points are selected, the position of the focus and the positions of 4 different points are successfully calibrated, and the automatic focusing program of Labview is obtained by enabling the positions of 4 different points to be in the distance from the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 13, △ z1，△z2，△z3，△z4；
(4) Labview's auto-focus program was performed by varying the distance △ z between 4 different points1，△z2，△z3，△z4If the difference values of the two parts are all less than 8 mu m, the automatic focusing program of the Labview judges that the sample to be detected is approximately flat, and the automatic focusing program of the Labview calculates the distance △ S from the electric elevator 15 to the focus1Finally, driving an electric lifter 15 by an automatic focusing program of Labview, and moving the sample to be detected to a focal plane by the electric lifter 15 in one step to finish focusing; case two: if it is notIf the 4 difference values are all larger than or equal to 8 mu m, the automatic focusing program of the Labview judges that the sample to be detected is uneven, and the automatic focusing program of the Labview selects the optimal moving distance △ S of the electric elevator 15 by using an automatic selection focusing algorithm2And finally, driving the electric elevator 15 by an automatic focusing program of Labview, and moving the sample to be detected to the depth of field range by one step to ensure that the field of view of the sample to be detected is clear as much as possible so as to finish automatic focusing.
FIG. 2 also depicts the optical path of the system of the present invention, where the swept-frequency light generated by the swept-frequency light source 1 enters the first fiber coupler 2, half of the light enters the reference optical path through the first optical circulator 3, the other half of the light enters the sample optical path through the second optical circulator 6 according to the splitting ratio of 50:50, the light beam entering the reference optical path exits parallel reference light through the first collimating lens 4, the parallel reference light returns to the first optical circulator 3 through the plane mirror 5, and enters one of the incident ends of the second fiber coupler 19 through the exit end of the optical circulator 3; the light beam entering the sample light path emits parallel sample light through the second collimating lens 7, the light switch controller 8 sequentially turns on the switches of the light paths where the first optical fiber collimator 9, the second optical fiber collimator 10, the third optical fiber collimator 11 and the fourth optical fiber collimator 12 are located according to the time sequence, the emitted sample light is reflected to the objective lens 14 through the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 13 and converged on 4 different points of the sample to be detected, as shown in fig. 4, the backward reflection light of the sample light returns to the second optical circulator 6 in the original path, enters the polarization modulator 18 through the exit end of the second optical circulator 6, and finally enters the other incident end of the second optical fiber coupler 19; meanwhile, the interference with the reflected reference light occurs in the second optical fiber coupler 19, the interference signal is equally divided and then enters the positive and negative input ports of the photodetector 21, and after photoelectric conversion, the interference signal is converted into an electrical signal and then is input to the computer 21.
The flatness algorithm, the automatic selection algorithm and the fundamental principle of frequency-sweep OCT of the invention are briefly explained.
Based on the sweep frequency OCT principle, the Fourier transform can enable the distance △ F from a focus to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 13 for transmitting the high-reflection infrared light to the white light and the distance △ z from 4 different points of the optical path to the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens 13 for transmitting the reflection infrared light to the white light1，△z2，△z3，△z4As shown in the program coordinate diagram, the flatness determination coefficient △ =8 μm, the flatness determination expression:
the automatic selection algorithm calculates the distance △ z from the different points of 4 light paths to the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror 13 for reflecting infrared light and transmitting white light1，△z2，△z3，△z4The simultaneous focal point F, and two points D1, D2 before and after the depth of field are marked on the program coordinate graph, as shown in FIG. 6, the position of the point with the largest distance difference between two points of 4 different points is found, and the value △ Z with the largest distance difference and the average of the distance differences between two points of 4 points are obtained
And then compared with the depth of field of the optical system by the following algorithm, the algorithm expression is automatically selected as follows:
h value is obtained, and program output is fed back to the moving distance △ S of the electric elevator2=H。
Basic principle of frequency-sweeping OCT: the swept-domain OCT technology is based on the interference theory of low coherent light, the physical basis of the swept-frequency light source is a Michelson interferometer using a swept-frequency light source, the principle structure is shown as (a) in figure 5, quasi-monochromatic light emitted by the swept-frequency light source 1 is split by a beam splitter and then respectively enters a sample light path and a reference light path, reflected light of backscattered light and reference light of a sample generates interference, and the interference light passes through a photoelectric detector; fig. 5 (b) shows the interference signal of the collected spectrum, which is fourier-transformed to obtain information of different depth positions (as shown in fig. 5 (c)). According to the imaging mode of (a) in fig. 5, the light reflected from the reference arm and the reflection arm is superimposed and interfered at the half mirror 13 since the detector is flatSquare law detector, which interferes with the light intensity, I (△ z) = (E)1+E2）(E1*+E2*)
After simplification can be expressed as:
I（z）=I1+I2+∑i=1A0γ1γ2cos(2 kiz+)，
here I1+I2Is a direct current signal of the reference light and the probe light, Z = Z1+Z2The optical path difference can be defined as the detection depth of the equal optical path plane, which is the initial phase difference of the interference. The time sequence signals received by the photoelectric detector are spectrum signals with different wave vectors:
I（kiz）=A0γ1γ2cos(2 kiz+)，
the spectral interference signal received by the photodetector 20 is transformed by fourier:
FFT（I（kiz））= a0（z’-z）[ ei(2 kiz+ )+ e-i(2 kiz+ )]，
after fourier transformation, signals at different depths can be spatially separated.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A multifocal frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device is characterized by comprising an electric lifter and a focusing mechanism, wherein the electric lifter comprises an object stage, an aperture and a fixing clamp for fixing a sample to be detected are arranged on the object stage, a convergent lens is arranged above the object stage, and a half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens is arranged above the convergent lens; the focusing mechanism comprises a sweep frequency light source and a first optical fiber coupler, a reference light path and a sample light path are connected to the light path of the first optical fiber coupler, the reference light path comprises a first optical circulator, a first collimating lens and a plane reflector, the sample light path comprises a second optical circulator and a polarization controller, the second optical circulator is connected with a second collimating lens and an optical switch controller according to the light path, the optical switch controller is connected with the first optical fiber collimating lens, the second optical fiber collimating lens, the third optical fiber collimating lens and the fourth optical fiber collimating lens, the polarization controller and the first optical circulator are both connected with the second optical fiber coupler, the second optical fiber coupler is connected with a photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector is connected with a computer, and the computer is electrically connected with the electric lifter;
a motor is arranged in the electric elevator, the motor is connected with the computer, a screw rod is connected to the motor, and the screw rod is in threaded connection with the objective table;
an aperture adjusting knob for adjusting the size of the aperture is arranged on the objective table;
the included angle between the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror and the horizontal line is 45 degrees;
the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens is a semi-transmitting lens with high reflection infrared light white light transmission characteristic;
the first fiber coupler is a 2 × 1 fiber coupler and the second fiber coupler is a 2 × 2 fiber coupler;
the focusing method of the multi-focus frequency-sweeping OCT focusing device comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a sample to be detected in a fixing clamp of an electric elevator;
(2) inputting the depth of field and the focal length of an optical system in an automatic focusing program of Labview of a computer, calibrating a focal position F and a depth of field range D1-D2 in the automatic focusing program of Labview, controlling light to emit successively through an optical switch controller, collecting interference signals, receiving the interference signals by a photoelectric detector, converting the light signals into electric signals, and collecting the electric signals through the automatic focusing program of Labview;
(3) carrying out Fourier transformation on the collected electric signal data, displaying a focus calibration position F, positions of a plurality of different points, and calibrating the position of a focus and the positions of the different points in an automatic focusing program of Labview, wherein the automatic focusing program of Labview differentiates every two distances from the positions of the different points to a half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror;
(4) the automatic focusing program of the Labview is characterized in that the distances from the positions of a plurality of different points to the half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror are differed in pairs, wherein in the first condition, if the difference between the two points is less than 8 mu m, the automatic focusing program of the Labview judges that a sample to be detected is approximately flat, and the automatic focusing program of the Labview calculates the distance △ S from the electric elevator to the focus1And finally, driving an electric elevator by an automatic focusing program of the Labview, moving the sample to be detected to a focal plane by the electric elevator one step to finish focusing, and judging that the sample to be detected is uneven by the automatic focusing program of the Labview if the difference between every two is more than or equal to 8 mu m, and selecting the optimal moving distance of the electric elevator △ S by the automatic focusing program of the Labview by using an automatic selection focusing algorithm2Finally, an automatic focusing program of the Labview drives the electric elevator to move the sample to be detected to the depth of field range by one step, so that the field of view of the sample to be detected is clear as much as possible, and automatic focusing is completed;
the automatic selection focusing algorithm is that the distance △ z from different points of 4 light paths to the half-reflecting and half-transmitting lens for reflecting infrared light and transmitting white light is calculated in a program1，△z2，△z3，△z4And displaying on a program coordinate graph, marking the focus F and two points D1 and D2 before and after the depth of field in the coordinate graph, finding out the point with the maximum distance difference between two points in 4 different points, and averaging the distance difference between △ Z with the maximum distance difference and 4 points
And then compared with the depth of field of the optical system by the following algorithm, the algorithm expression is automatically selected as follows:
h value is obtained, and program output is fed back to the moving distance △ S of the electric elevator2= H, where D is the distance between two points D1 and D2 before and after the depth of field.
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