CN107843377B - Force calibration device of two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter - Google Patents

Force calibration device of two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107843377B
CN107843377B CN201710893983.XA CN201710893983A CN107843377B CN 107843377 B CN107843377 B CN 107843377B CN 201710893983 A CN201710893983 A CN 201710893983A CN 107843377 B CN107843377 B CN 107843377B
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horizontal
vertical
hoisting
fixed
guide rails
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CN107843377A (en
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何闻
李劲林
贾叔仕
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/16Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force

Abstract

The force calibration device of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is provided with a base, wherein a horizontal calibration unit and a vertical calibration unit are arranged on the base; the horizontal calibration unit comprises a horizontal sliding block and a pair of horizontal guide rails, and a horizontal laser displacement sensor for monitoring the horizontal displacement of the horizontal sliding block, a horizontal elastic piece for adjusting the horizontal position, an adjusting device of the horizontal elastic piece and a force sensor for measuring horizontal acting force are arranged on the base; the vertical calibration unit comprises a hoisting bracket, a hoisting elastic piece, a force sensor and a pair of vertical guide rails, wherein the vertical guide rails also comprise left and right guide rails and are respectively and vertically fixed on the horizontal sliding blocks; the hoisting support is fixed with the extending sections of the vertical left and right guide rails respectively, the upper end of the hoisting elastic piece is fixed with the hoisting support, and the middle is also connected with a force sensor in series; the base is provided with a vertical laser displacement sensor. The invention has the advantage of calibrating the relation between the force and the current of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter and the relative position.

Description

Force calibration device of two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter
Technical Field
The invention relates to a force calibration device of a two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the exploration of the outer space by human beings is continuously extended, and the force is indispensable in all exploration activities, and the exploration is directly and critically effective in the aspects of completing specified actions, active vibration isolation, excitation and the like. Electromagnetic exciters based on the ampere force principle are increasingly favored by space science tasks because of the advantages of high-speed response, smooth output force, small volume, easy embedding into control objects and the like.
A two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator capable of outputting force in two orthogonal directions consists of a stator part and a rotor part, wherein the stator part and the rotor part are in non-contact connection through electromagnetic action, and two orthogonal two-dimensional acting forces which do not interfere with each other can be generated simultaneously. However, at present, no device capable of accurately calibrating the two-dimensional output acting force of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter in a space microgravity friction-free environment simulated on the ground exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter force calibration device which is used for calibrating the interrelationship among three key parameters of acting force, relative position and exciting current of an exciter on the ground, so as to obtain the two-dimensional acting force generated when a rotor part formed by a closed magnetic circuit and a stator part formed by an exciting coil are positioned at different relative positions of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter under the action of different currents.
The force calibration device of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is provided with a base, wherein a horizontal calibration unit and a vertical calibration unit are arranged on the base;
the horizontal calibration unit comprises a horizontal sliding block and a pair of horizontal guide rails, wherein the left side and the right side of the horizontal sliding block are respectively inserted into the left guide groove and the right guide groove of the horizontal guide rails, and a through hole allowing the stator part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter to pass through is formed in the horizontal sliding block; the base is provided with a horizontal laser displacement sensor for monitoring the horizontal displacement of the horizontal sliding block, namely a laser head and a detection device of the laser displacement sensor are both arranged on the base, and light emitted by the laser head is vertically irradiated on the horizontal sliding block;
the vertical calibration unit comprises a hoisting support, a hoisting elastic piece and a pair of vertical guide rails, wherein the vertical guide rails also comprise left and right guide rails and are respectively and vertically fixed on the horizontal sliding blocks; the hoisting support is fixed with the extending sections of the vertical left and right guide rails respectively, the upper end of the hoisting elastic piece is fixed with the hoisting support, and the lower end of the hoisting elastic piece is fixed with the mover part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter to be calibrated; the base is provided with a vertical laser displacement sensor.
The horizontal sliding block and the horizontal guide rail do friction-free sliding, and the two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator rotor part and the vertical guide rail do friction-free sliding as well, namely the horizontal sliding block and the horizontal guide rail, and the two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator rotor part and the vertical guide rail are supported by an air film or an oil film so as to realize friction-free sliding.
The control current of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is provided by a double-path precise constant current source, a stator part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is fixed with a base, namely a horizontal guide rail, a rotor part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is suspended in a hoisting support by a hoisting elastic piece, and the rotor part is positioned in the vertical guide rail. When the two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator outputs a two-dimensional force (taking the horizontal direction as the X-axis and the vertical direction as the Z-axis as an example), the X-axis force pushes the horizontal sliding block to translate along the horizontal direction, and the horizontal direction laser displacement sensor measures the horizontal sliding block, namely the displacement of the mover part of the electromagnetic actuator in the horizontal direction. The horizontal sliding block carries the vertical guide rail to horizontally translate, and meanwhile, the Z-axis force enables the mover part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter to vertically translate upwards and downwards, and the vertical laser displacement sensor monitors the displacement of the mover part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter in the vertical direction.
Further, the front end and the rear end of the horizontal sliding block are respectively provided with a horizontal elastic piece, the two horizontal elastic pieces are positioned on the same straight line, one end of each horizontal elastic piece is fixed with the horizontal sliding block, the other end of each horizontal elastic piece is fixed with the fixed block, and a horizontal force sensor is further connected in series between one fixed block and the horizontal elastic piece. Assuming that the lengths and the rigidities of the horizontal elastic pieces arranged at the two ends of the horizontal sliding block are the same under natural conditions, the horizontal acting force generated by the exciter is twice the indication value of the horizontal force sensor. A vertical force sensor is connected in series between the hoisting elastic piece and the hoisting support, and the output force of the exciter in the vertical direction is an indication value of the vertical force sensor.
Meanwhile, adjusting devices are respectively arranged on the fixed block and the hoisting support and used for adjusting the position of the horizontal sliding block in the horizontal direction and the position of the mover part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator in the vertical direction. The adjusting device comprises a screw and a nut, a limiting piece for limiting the screw to rotate is arranged on the screw, and the elastic piece is fixed with the screw. The nut is rotated, and the screw rod translates under the action of the limiting piece, so that the elastic piece is compressed or stretched.
When the electromagnetic excitation device is calibrated, the horizontal elastic piece and the hoisting elastic piece are adjusted to enable the rotor part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter to be in a designated relative position relative to the stator part, and then the current magnitude, the relative position of the current flowing through the vertical coil and the horizontal coil and the indication value of each force sensor are recorded respectively. The steps are repeated, so that the exciter can respectively output the acting force in two directions under the action of different relative positions and different currents.
Further, the through hole of the horizontal sliding block is cross-shaped. The stator part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter passes through the front-back incision of the through hole and is relatively fixed with the base, and the left-right incision of the through hole corresponds to the rotor part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter, so that the rotor part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter can pass through the horizontal sliding block without interference when moving vertically upwards and downwards.
Further, the vertical guide rail and the horizontal guide rail are both air floatation guide rails.
Further, the two horizontal guide rails are respectively composed of an upper guide rail mounting block and a lower guide rail mounting block, the lower guide rail mounting blocks of the two horizontal guide rails are integrated and fixed with the base, the upper guide rail mounting blocks are respectively fixed on two sides of the lower guide rail mounting blocks, and each upper guide rail mounting block and the lower guide rail mounting blocks are respectively enclosed into a whole "Shape, and thus two horizontal guide rails ""guide rail structure. . The upper guide rail installation block and the lower guide rail installation block are respectively provided with an orifice and a vent hole, and the vent holes are connected with a high-pressure air source. The high-pressure gas enters a space between the horizontal guide rail and the horizontal sliding block through the throttle hole, so that four surfaces of a uniform gas film are formed between the horizontal guide rail and the horizontal sliding block, the horizontal sliding block is suspended in the horizontal guide rail, and only single-degree-of-freedom translation can be performed along the axial direction of the horizontal guide rail. The stator part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is fixed on a lower guide rail mounting block, and the lower guide rail mounting block is provided with a groove matched with the stator part.
Further, the vertical guide rail is also made up of two parts, both "The left part and the right part of the ' shape structure ' jointly act to form ' the>And the vertical guide rail is fixed with the horizontal sliding block. The three surfaces of the left and right vertical guide rails are also provided with orifices and vent holes and are connected with a high-pressure air source, when the mover part of the electromagnetic exciter is placed in the guide rail, a uniform air film is formed on four acting surfaces between the mover part and the guide rail, so thatThe obtained rotor part only moves horizontally along with the horizontal sliding block and moves horizontally along with the horizontal sliding block in a single degree of freedom.
Further, the top ends of the two vertical guide rails are respectively provided with an upward extension section, two ends of the horizontal hoisting block are respectively fixed with the two extension sections, the horizontal hoisting block and the extension sections form a hoisting support, the hoisting elastic piece is fixed on the horizontal hoisting block, and the vertical force sensor is positioned between the horizontal hoisting block and the hoisting elastic piece.
Through the horizontal guide rail and the vertical guide rail, the rotor part and the stator part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter can only move along the horizontal and vertical 2-degree-of-freedom directions. The magnitude of the acting force generated by the exciter in two directions is obtained after the measuring and processing of the force sensors in two directions at the same time.
The technical conception of the invention: the horizontal and vertical guide rails are utilized to support and guide the rotor part of the electromagnetic exciter, so that friction force in the motion process is avoided, and meanwhile, the relative displacement direction is determined. The specific working process is as follows: firstly, a double-path precise constant current source is utilized to provide two paths of control currents with corresponding magnitudes for a stator part. According to ampere force principle f=bil, a closed magnetic circuit mover part formed by a permanent magnet and a reverse U-shaped magnetic yoke generates horizontal and vertical acting forces relative to an exciting coil stator part. The rotor part of the exciter is positioned at a designated relative position relative to the stator part by adjusting the horizontal adjusting device and the vertical adjusting device. And then the current magnitude, the relative position of the current and the indication value of each force sensor of the vertical coil and the horizontal coil at the moment are recorded respectively. The steps are repeated, so that the exciter can respectively output the acting force in two directions under the action of different relative positions and different currents.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is precisely guided and supported in two motion directions by utilizing the air floatation guide rail, so that the output force is not influenced by friction force, and the space environment is simulated. Meanwhile, the output force of the exciter and the calibration of each element are realized through the accurate measurement of the current, the position and the force under the conditions of different currents and different relative positions, so that the influence of gravity and friction force can be overcome, and the output force of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter can be accurately calibrated under the environment of simulating zero gravity in the outer space.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator force calibration apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator and its force output direction.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the left horizontal direction of the air exit to the guide rail.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the left vertical direction of air exit to the guide rail.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a horizontal slider.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator force calibration system.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the two-dimensional electromagnetic actuator force calibration device comprises a base 13, an upper left guide rail mounting block 7, a lower guide rail mounting block 8, a right upper guide rail mounting block 16, a left vertical guide rail 5, a right vertical guide rail 20, a two-way precise constant current source, a position measurement module and a force measurement module. The position measuring module consists of a horizontal laser displacement sensor 10 and a vertical laser displacement sensor 1.
The two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is arranged in the force calibration device, and the control current of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is provided by a double-path precise constant current source; the force calibration device comprises a horizontal guide rail and a vertical guide rail, so that the rotor part of the two-dimensional exciter can move freely in the horizontal and vertical directions; and the force, relative position and current can be measured in both directions of movement simultaneously, respectively. According to the working principle of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter, the rotor part and the stator part can generate mutually independent horizontal interaction force F2 and vertical interaction force F1 under the control of a two-way constant current source. The rotor part comprises an inverted U-shaped magnetic yoke 4 and permanent magnets 6 and 19, and the stator part where the exciting coil is arranged is a printed circuit board 15, as shown in figure 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the base 13 of the force calibration device is the basis of the whole device, and the horizontal guide rail of the force calibration device is fixed on the base 13. The horizontal guide rail is an air-float guide rail and comprises a left horizontal guide rail and a right horizontal guide rail which are matched with each other for use, and the left horizontal guide rail and the right horizontal guide rail share a lower guide rail mounting block 8. The lower guide rail mounting block 8 is fixed on the base 13, and a plurality of air guide holes are distributed on the lower guide rail mounting block.
As shown in FIG. 3, the left horizontal guide rail is composed of a lower guide rail mounting block 8 and an upper left guide rail mounting block 7, and are fixedly connected with each other by bolts to form a 'shape'A "type structure". The right horizontal guide rail is composed of a lower guide rail mounting block 8 and a right upper guide rail mounting block 16 which are fixedly connected with each other through bolts to form a # -shaped guide rail>A "type structure". The inside of the left upper guide rail mounting block 7 and the inside of the right upper guide rail mounting block 16 are also provided with air guide holes. After the left horizontal guide rail and the right horizontal guide rail are respectively and fixedly installed, as shown in fig. 3, high-pressure air guide holes are formed in three inner surfaces of each guide rail, so that acting force can be applied to four surfaces of the cuboid-shaped sliding block positioned in the guide holes through the inner air guide holes, the cuboid-shaped sliding block positioned in the guide holes is suspended in the air, and only translational degrees of freedom in a single direction exist.
The force calibration device comprises a horizontal slide block 14, the thickness of the horizontal slide block 14 is in clearance fit with the height of the left and right horizontal guide rails, and the width of the horizontal slide block 14 is formed by the left and right horizontal guide rails "The width of the 'guide rail' is also clearance fit. When the horizontal slider 14 is mounted on the horizontal guide rail, the horizontal slider floats in a space defined by the horizontal guide rail under the action of high-pressure gas of the horizontal guide rail, and can only perform single-degree-of-freedom motion along the length direction of the guide rail.
The vertical guide rail is mounted on the horizontal slider 14 so that when the horizontal slider 14 moves back and forth, the vertical guide rail also follows the back and forth movement and vice versa. The vertical guide rail also comprises a left vertical guide rail 5 and a right vertical guide rail 20 which are used in conjunction with each other.
The left vertical guide rail and the right vertical guide rail are identicalThe samples are respectively arranged as ""Structure and">As shown in fig. 4, the "shaped structure" has air holes arranged on three sides of the inside. When the left and right vertical guide rails are matched, the gap between the guide rails and the distance between the left and right guide rails are matched with the inverted U-shaped magnetic yoke 4 of the exciter, so that the inverted U-shaped magnetic yoke 4 can only move along the vertical direction except for horizontal movement together with the horizontal sliding block.
The left vertical guide rail and the right vertical guide rail are both extended upwards to form a boss, and the upper part of the boss is provided with a horizontal hoisting block 3 of the rotor part of the electromagnetic exciter. The horizontal hoisting block 3 is fixedly connected with the left vertical guide rail and the right vertical guide rail to form an inverted U-shaped structure. The closed loop magnetic circuit rotor part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is suspended below the horizontal suspending block 3 in series through a suspending elastic piece 21 and a vertical force sensor 22. Under the action of the vertical guide rail, the closed-loop magnetic circuit active cell part of the electromagnetic exciter can only move in the vertical direction, and almost no friction force exists due to the air floatation effect. The vertical force sensor 22 is used for measuring the force generated by the electromagnetic actuator in the vertical direction, and the indication value of the force sensor is the output force of the actuator in the vertical direction. The hoisting elastic member 21 is used for hoisting the closed magnetic circuit mover part, so that the mover part can move in the vertical direction under the action of force, and meanwhile, an adjusting device is further arranged on the hoisting elastic member 21, so that the position of the mover part in the vertical direction can be adjusted up and down appropriately except the action of exciting force.
A cross-shaped notch is provided in the middle of the horizontal slider 14. Wherein the front-rear cutouts of the cross-shaped cutouts are used for mounting the exciting coil stator part of the electromagnetic exciter, through which the exciting coil, i.e. the printed circuit board 15, is mounted to the lower rail mounting block 8.
A recess is provided in the middle of the lower rail mounting block 8 of the horizontal guide rail, in which recess the printed circuit board can be mounted. The left and right cutouts of the cross cutouts of the horizontal slider 14 only reserve a certain stroke for the mover portion to move in the vertical direction.
Two horizontal fixing blocks, namely a front horizontal fixing block 9 and a rear horizontal fixing block 17, are provided on the base 13. The horizontal slider 14 is fixed in series between the front fixed block and the rear fixed block by the front horizontal elastic member 12 and the rear horizontal elastic member 18, and the horizontal force sensor 11. Assuming that the horizontal elastic members 12 and 18 provided at both ends of the horizontal slider have the same length and the same rigidity under natural conditions, the magnitude of the horizontal force generated by the actuator is twice the value shown by the horizontal force sensor 11. And an adjusting device is also arranged on the fixed block and is used for adjusting the balance position of the horizontal sliding block 14.
The adjusting device comprises a screw and a nut, a limiting piece for limiting the screw to rotate is arranged on the screw, and the elastic piece is fixed with the screw. The nut is rotated, and the screw rod translates under the action of the limiting piece. When the elastic member is a rubber string, the elastic member is loosened or tightened. When the elastic element is a spring, the elastic element is pressed or stretched by the screw.
Through the horizontal guide rail and the vertical guide rail, the mover and the stator of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter can move in two dimensions under the guidance of the horizontal guide rail and the vertical guide rail. Meanwhile, the magnitude of the acting force generated by the exciter can also be obtained after the force sensor is used for measuring and processing respectively.
And a horizontal laser displacement sensor is arranged on the calibration device along the horizontal direction of the guide rail, and a vertical laser displacement sensor is arranged on the vertical direction. Wherein a horizontal laser displacement sensor 10 is fixed to a base 13, and a laser beam thereof is irradiated on a side surface of a horizontal slider 14 in a horizontal direction vertically for precisely measuring a displacement of the horizontal slider 14 in the horizontal direction, that is, a displacement of a mover portion of an electromagnetic actuator in the horizontal direction with respect to a stator portion.
The vertical laser displacement sensor 1 is installed above the horizontal hoisting block 3, and a vertical irradiation hole is formed in the horizontal hoisting block 3, and the laser beam 2 emitted by the vertical laser displacement sensor 1 is vertically irradiated on the top of the inverted U-shaped magnetic yoke 4 along the vertical guide rail direction, so that the displacement of the rotor part relative to the stator part in the vertical direction is accurately measured.
The technical conception of the invention: the horizontal and vertical guide rails are utilized to support and guide the rotor part of the electromagnetic exciter, so that friction force in the motion process is avoided, and meanwhile, the relative displacement direction is determined. As shown in fig. 6, the specific working procedure is as follows: firstly, two paths of precise constant current sources are utilized to respectively provide control currents with corresponding magnitudes for two independent coils in a printed circuit board 15, and according to an ampere force principle F=BIL, a closed magnetic circuit rotor part formed by permanent magnets 6, 19 and a reverse U-shaped magnetic yoke 4 generates horizontal and vertical acting forces relative to a exciting coil stator part; the rotor part of the exciter is positioned at a designated relative position relative to the stator part by adjusting the fixed block and the adjusting knob on the hoisting elastic piece, and then the current magnitude, the relative position of the current flowing to the vertical coil and the horizontal coil at the moment and the indication value of each force sensor are recorded respectively. The steps are repeated, so that the exciter can respectively output the acting force in two directions under the action of different relative positions and different currents.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the two motion directions of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter are precisely guided and supported by the air floatation guide rail, so that the output force is not influenced by friction force, and the space environment is simulated. Meanwhile, a complete calibration system is formed by accurately measuring the current, the position and the force under the conditions of different currents and different relative positions, so that the invention can overcome the influence of gravity and friction force, and can simulate the accurate calibration of the output force of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter under the environment of zero gravity in outer space.
The embodiments described in the present specification are merely examples of implementation forms of the inventive concept, and the scope of protection of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments, and the scope of protection of the present invention and equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.

Claims (1)

1. A force calibration device of a two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter is provided with a base and is characterized in that: the base is provided with a horizontal calibration unit and a vertical calibration unit; the horizontal calibration unit comprises a horizontal sliding block and a pair of horizontal guide rails, wherein the left side and the right side of the horizontal sliding block are respectively inserted into the left guide groove and the right guide groove of the horizontal guide rails, and a through hole allowing the stator part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter to pass through is formed in the horizontal sliding block; the base is provided with a horizontal laser displacement sensor for monitoring horizontal displacement of the horizontal sliding block; the vertical calibration unit comprises a hoisting support, a hoisting elastic piece and a pair of vertical guide rails, wherein the vertical guide rails also comprise left and right guide rails and are respectively and vertically fixed on the horizontal sliding blocks; the hoisting support is fixed with the extending sections of the vertical left and right guide rails respectively, the upper end of the hoisting elastic piece is fixed with the hoisting support, and the lower end of the hoisting elastic piece is fixed with the mover part of the two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter to be calibrated; a vertical laser displacement sensor is arranged on the base;
the front end and the rear end of the horizontal sliding block are respectively provided with a horizontal elastic piece, the two horizontal elastic pieces are positioned on the same straight line, one end of each horizontal elastic piece is respectively fixed with the horizontal sliding block, the other end of each horizontal elastic piece is fixed with the fixed block, and a horizontal force sensor is connected in series between one fixed block and each horizontal elastic piece; a vertical force sensor is connected in series between the hoisting elastic piece and the hoisting bracket;
the through hole of the horizontal sliding block is cross-shaped;
the vertical guide rail and the horizontal guide rail are both air floatation guide rails;
the top of two vertical guide rails has the extension section that upwards respectively, and the both ends of horizontal hoisting piece are fixed with two extension sections respectively, and horizontal hoisting piece and extension section constitute the hoist and mount support, and hoist and mount elastic component is fixed in horizontal hoisting piece, and vertical direction force transducer is located between horizontal hoisting piece and the hoist and mount elastic component.
CN201710893983.XA 2017-09-28 2017-09-28 Force calibration device of two-dimensional electromagnetic exciter Active CN107843377B (en)

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CN110567639B (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-09-07 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 Multi-axis force sensor calibration method and calibration device

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