CN107841758B - A kind of method of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material - Google Patents
A kind of method of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material.It is compound concentration ratio 5- Aminotetrazole first: alkali (NaOH or KOH): the solution of inorganic salts (guanidine nitrate, triamido guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride)=1:2~4:1；Then using stable metal electrode as reaction electrode, using prepared solution as electrolyte, apply 1.5~5.0 V voltages on reaction electrode by direct current or the pulse power, promotes to react coupling reaction between 5- Aminotetrazole, generate azotetrazole non-metal salt compound；It is operated finally by separating and filtering etc., obtains the energetic materials such as high-purity azotetrazole bisguanides, azotetrazole triaminoguanidine, azotetrazole ammonium.This method has feature easy to operate, environmentally protective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energetic material synthesis, and in particular to the side of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material
Method.
Background technique
Energetic material is the basic material for producing explosive, gun propellant, gas-forming agent, signal propellant, military
It is had a wide range of applications with civil field.The azotetrazoles non-metal salts such as azotetrazole guanidine salt, azotetrazole ammonium salt, which have, to be generated
The features such as enthalpy is high, sensitivity is lower, not easy to moisture absorption, gas production is big, burning is smokeless, Hong quick-fried performance is good is a kind of great application prospect
High nitrogen stell.
Currently, azotetrazole non-metal salt is mainly synthesized by two-step process: 1, firstly, with 5- AminotetrazoleIt is the azotetrazoles metal salt intermediates such as Material synthesis azotetrazole sodium, azotetrazole potassium with KOH, NaOH；2,
Then, the inorganic salts generation ion such as azotetrazole sodium, azotetrazole potassium and guanidine nitrate, triamido guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride is recycled
Displacement reaction, is made corresponding azotetrazole guanidine salt and azotetrazole ammonium salt.It follows that azotetrazole sodium, azotetrazole potassium
Equal azotetrazoles metal salt is the basis of subsequent synthesis azotetrazole guanidine salt and azotetrazole ammonium salt.It is worth noting that, closing
During the intermediates such as azotetrazole sodium, azotetrazole potassium, mainly with solid KMnO4For oxidant, promote 5- Aminotetrazole
Coupling reaction occurs in the alkaline solution containing KOH, NaOH.In the synthesis process, need to keep reaction temperature on 60 DEG C of left sides
The right side, KMnO4It needs repeatedly to feed during the reaction, also needs to neutralize excessive KMnO later4And filter solid MnO2It is secondary
Product, it is cumbersome and not environmentally protective enough.
In view of this, a kind of method that the present invention proposes electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material.At this
In method, without using KMnO4It is main by control reaction solution substance proportion and response voltage as oxidant, it can promote
Make 5- Aminotetrazole that coupling reaction occur in alkaline solution, synthesizes azotetrazole sodium or sylvite, Jin Erhe at room temperature
At the azotetrazoles non-metal salt energetic material such as obtained azotetrazole guanidine salt, azotetrazole ammonium salt.
Summary of the invention
For limitation existing for azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material method and technique is synthesized now, the present invention is proposed
A kind of method of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material is simple and efficient the synthesis non-gold of azotetrazole to realize
Belong to the purpose of salt energetic material.
Cardinal principle of the present invention and foundation are: KMnO4Promote between 5- Aminotetrazole in dehydrogenation coupling process as oxidant,
KMnO is mainly utilized4Strong oxidizing property feature.H is generated in electrolysis water2And O2In the process, will form a large amount of OH, (hydroxyl is certainly
By base), O2Free radicals such as (Atomic oxygen radical anions).These free radicals have extremely strong oxidisability, replace KMnO4It participates in
Dehydrogenation coupling reaction between 5- Aminotetrazole, has and KMnO4Identical effect, moreover it is possible to simplify synthesis process and environmentally protective
Change.
The total technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of method of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material, main
It to be prepared by reaction solution, 3 key steps such as the control of electrochemical reaction condition and product separation are achieved, specifically
It is as follows:
A, reaction solution is prepared: firstly, NaOH or KOH are dissolved in distilled water, the highly basic for being configured to 2-6mol/L is molten
Liquid；Then, 5- Aminotetrazole is dissolved in the strong base solution, is configured to the 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 1-2mol/L；Later,
Suitable guanidine nitrate, triamido guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride is added in the 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 1~2mol/L, as synthesis
The reaction solution of azotetrazole guanidine salt and ammonium salt；Alternatively, 5- Aminotetrazole is dissolved in 25~28% concentrated ammonia liquors, it is configured to 1~
The 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 2mol/L, the reaction solution as synthesis azotetrazole ammonium salt；Alternatively, directly by 1~2mol/L
5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution as synthesis azotetrazole sodium or sylvite reaction solution, idol is isolated after electrochemical reaction
Nitrogen tetrazolium sodium or sylvite, and then keep it mixed by the mass ratio of the material 1:2 with guanidine nitrate, triamido guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride in the solution
It closes, the reaction solution as synthesis azotetrazole guanidine salt and ammonium salt；
B, electrochemical reaction condition controls: being reaction electricity with the stable metal electrode such as platinum electrode, gold electrode, Ti electrode
Pole applies the anti-of 1.5~5.0V by direct current or the pulse power using prepared solution as electrolyte on reaction electrode
Voltage is answered, carries out electrochemistry formated, the reaction time is depending on electrolyte content；
C, product separates: carrying out corresponding product separation in reacted solution.Wherein, the azotetrazole after reaction
In guanidinium solution, there is a large amount of azotetrazole guanidine salt precipitating to generate, after filtration washing, can be obtained two guanidine salt of azotetrazole,
Azotetrazole triamido guanidine salt product；Azotetrazole ammonium salt solution after reaction, gradually evaporates solvent under the conditions of 70 DEG C
It is extremely a certain amount of, then azotetrazole ammonium salt crystallization is carried out under the conditions of surplus solution is placed in 5 DEG C, separating, washing obtains azotetrazole ammonium
Salt；Azotetrazole sodium or potassium salt soln after reaction carry out azotetrazole sodium or sylvite crystallization, separation under the conditions of 5 DEG C
Obtain azotetrazole sodium or sylvite.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Attached drawing 1 is the synthesis azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material schematic device that the present invention is built；Attached drawing 2 is to implement
The infrared spectrum of two guanidine salt of azotetrazole obtained in example 1；Attached drawing 3 is azotetrazole triamido obtained in embodiment 4
The infrared spectrum of guanidine salt；Attached drawing 4 is the infrared spectrum of azotetrazole sodium salt obtained in embodiment 5；Attached drawing 5 is that the present invention closes
At two guanidine salt of azotetrazole photo in kind；Attached drawing 6 is the photo in kind for the azotetrazole triamido guanidine salt that the present invention synthesizes.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are further illustrated below by specific example:
A, reaction solution is prepared: taking suitable NaOH or KOH to be dissolved in distilled water, the highly basic for being configured to 2-6mol/L is molten
Suitable 5- Aminotetrazole is then dissolved in the strong base solution by liquid, is configured to the 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 1-2mol/L,
Suitable guanidine nitrate, triamido guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride is added in the 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 1~2mol/L later, as
The reaction solution of azotetrazole guanidine salt and ammonium salt is synthesized, controls three kinds of material concentration ratios in reaction solution are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: alkali
(NaOH or KOH): inorganic salts (guanidine nitrate, triamido guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride)=1:2~4:1.Alternatively, 5- Aminotetrazole is straight
It connects and is dissolved in 25~28% concentrated ammonia liquors, be configured to the 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 1~3mol/L, as synthesis azotetrazole ammonium
The reaction solution of salt.Alternatively, directly using the 5- Aminotetrazole strong base solution of 1~2mol/L as synthesis azotetrazole sodium or sylvite
Reaction solution isolates azotetrazole sodium or sylvite after electrochemical reaction, so make its in the solution with guanidine nitrate, triamido
Guanidine nitrate, ammonium chloride are mixed by the mass ratio of the material 1:2, the reaction solution as synthesis azotetrazole guanidine salt and ammonium salt；
B, electrochemical reaction condition controls: being reaction electricity with the stable metal electrode such as platinum electrode, gold electrode, Ti electrode
Pole, measure 20~1000mL step A in prepared reaction solution as electrolyte, by direct current or the pulse power anti-
The response voltage for applying 1.5~5.0V on electrode is answered, electrochemistry formated is carried out, the reaction time controls in 2~10h；
C, product separates: carrying out corresponding product in reacted solution.Wherein, in the azotetrazole guanidine after reaction
In salting liquid, there is a large amount of azotetrazole guanidine salt precipitating to generate, after filtration washing, two guanidine salt of azotetrazole can be obtained, it is even
Nitrogen tetrazolium triamido guanidine salt product；Azotetrazole ammonium salt solution after reaction, gradually evaporates solvent extremely under the conditions of 70 DEG C
It is a certain amount of, then azotetrazole ammonium salt crystallization is carried out under the conditions of surplus solution is placed in 5 DEG C, it is separated by filtration to obtain azotetrazole ammonium salt
Product；Azotetrazole sodium or potassium salt soln after reaction carry out azotetrazole sodium or sylvite crystallization, mistake under the conditions of 5 DEG C
Filter obtains azotetrazole sodium or sylvite product.
Embodiment 1: it weighs 24g NaOH and is dissolved in 100mL water, be made into the NaOH solution of 6mol/L, then weigh 17g
5- Aminotetrazole is dissolved in the NaOH solution, the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 2mol/L is configured to, later in the 5- of 2mol/L
24.4g guanidine nitrate is added in Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali, is configured to the reaction solution of synthesis two guanidine salt of azotetrazole.In the reaction solution,
Three kinds of material concentration ratios are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: NaOH: guanidine nitrate=1:3:1.Using spun gold electrode as reaction electrode, 100mL is measured
Prepared reaction solution is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 3.0V on spun gold reaction electrode by DC power supply, is carried out
The electrochemistry formated of 3.5h reacts.After reaction, the sediment generated in filtration washing reaction solution obtains high-purity azotetrazole two
Guanidine 23.4g, reaction yield 82%.Determination of elemental analysis material chemical formula are as follows: C4H12N16；Nuclear magnetic resonance result are as follows:1H
(500MHz,DMSO)δ7.21；13C(126MHz,DMSO)δ173.29,158.64。
Embodiment 2 weighs 28g KOH and is dissolved in 200mL water, is made into the KOH solution of 2.5mol/L, then weighs 17g
5- Aminotetrazole is dissolved in the KOH solution, the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 1mol/L is configured to, later in the 5- ammonia of 1mol/L
10.7g ammonium chloride is added in base tetrazolium aqueous slkali, is configured to the reaction solution of synthesis azotetrazole ammonium salt.In the reaction solution, three kinds
Material concentration ratio are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: KOH: ammonium chloride=1:2.5:1.Using platinum plate electrode as reaction electrode, measures 200mL and match
The reaction solution made is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 2.5V on platinized platinum reaction electrode by pulse dc power, into
The electrochemistry formated of row 5h reacts.After reaction, reaction solution is first gradually evaporated under the conditions of 70 DEG C solvent to 70mL, then residue
Solution carries out azotetrazole ammonium salt crystallization under the conditions of being placed in 5 DEG C, the sediment generated in filtration washing reaction solution obtains high-purity
Azotetrazole ammonium 13.2g, reaction yield 69%.Determination of elemental analysis material chemical formula are as follows: C2H8N12；Nuclear magnetic resonance result
Are as follows:13C(126MHz,DMSO)δ172.29。
Embodiment 3: it weighs 12.75g 5- Aminotetrazole and is dissolved in 25% concentrated ammonia liquor of 100mL, be configured to 1.5mol/L
5- Aminotetrazole ammonia spirit, as synthesis azotetrazole ammonium salt reaction solution.Using platinum electrode as reaction electrode, measure
The prepared solution of 100mL is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 4.0V on platinum filament reaction electrode by DC power supply, is carried out
The electrochemistry formated of 4h reacts.After reaction, reaction solution is placed under the conditions of 70 DEG C and gradually evaporates solvent to 30mL, then remaining molten
Liquid carries out azotetrazole crystalline ammonium under the conditions of being placed in 5 DEG C, azotetrazole ammonium 10.6g, reaction yield 73% is obtained by filtration in washing.
Determination of elemental analysis material chemical formula are as follows: C2H8N12；Nuclear magnetic resonance result are as follows:13C(126MHz,DMSO)δ171.89。
Embodiment 4 weighs 112g KOH and is dissolved in 1000mL water, is made into the KOH solution of 2mol/L, then weighs 85g
5- Aminotetrazole is dissolved in the KOH solution, the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 1mol/L is configured to, later in the 5- ammonia of 1mol/L
167g triamido guanidine nitrate is added in base tetrazolium aqueous slkali, is configured to the reaction solution of synthesis azotetrazole triamido guanidine salt.It is anti-at this
It answers in liquid, three kinds of material concentration ratios are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: KOH: triamido guanidine nitrate=1:2:1.It is with the titanium net electrode of sheet
Reaction electrode, the measurement prepared reaction solution of 1000mL are electrolyte, are applied on titanium net reaction electrode by DC power supply
The response voltage of 4.0V carries out the electrochemistry formated reaction of 8h.After reaction, the sediment generated in filtration washing reaction solution is obtained
To high-purity azotetrazole triaminoguanidine 123.4g, reaction yield 66%.Determination of elemental analysis material chemical formula are as follows:
C4H18N22；Nuclear magnetic resonance result are as follows:1H (500MHz, DMSO) δ 8.65,4.525；13C(126MHz,DMSO)δ173.95,
159.51。
Embodiment 5 weighs 20g NaOH and is dissolved in 100mL water, is made into the NaOH solution of 5mol/L, then weighs 17g
5- Aminotetrazole is dissolved in the NaOH solution, is configured to the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 2mol/L, in the reaction solution, two kinds
Material concentration ratio are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: NaOH=1:2.5.Using spun gold electrode as reaction electrode, it is prepared anti-to measure 100mL
Answering solution is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 2.0V on spun gold reaction electrode by DC power supply, carries out the electrification of 3.5h
Learn synthetic reaction.After reaction, the crystallization of azotetrazole sodium is carried out under the conditions of solution is placed in 5 DEG C, obtains high-purity azotetrazole sodium
Pentahydrate 24.2g.Later, 24.2g azotetrazole sodium pentahydrate obtained is dissolved in the water under the conditions of 70 DEG C, then
20.36g triamido guanidine nitrate is added in the solution, makes two kinds of substances that ion exchange reaction occur, is separated after being cooled to room temperature
19.4g, reaction yield 81% are precipitated to azotetrazole triaminoguanidine.Determination of elemental analysis material chemical formula are as follows: C4H18N22；Core
Magnetic resonance results are as follows:1H (500MHz, DMSO) δ 8.636,4.525；13C(126MHz,DMSO)δ173.90,159.46。
It can be prepared by azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material by above-mentioned each embodiment and according to aforementioned processing methods.
Embodiment of the invention can be implemented, and the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of electrochemistry formated azotetrazole non-metal salt energetic material, it is characterised in that: matched by reaction solution
System, the control of electrochemical reaction condition and product separate 3 key steps and are achieved, specific as follows:
A, 24 g NaOH are weighed to be dissolved in 100 mL water, are made into the NaOH solution of 6 mol/L, then weigh 17 g 5- amino
Tetrazolium is dissolved in the NaOH solution, the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 2 mol/L is configured to, later in the 5- amino of 2 mol/L
24.4 g guanidine nitrates are added in tetrazolium aqueous slkali, are configured to the reaction solution of synthesis two guanidine salt of azotetrazole；In the reaction solution, three kinds
Material concentration ratio are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: NaOH: guanidine nitrate=1:3:1；Using spun gold electrode as reaction electrode, measures 100 mL and match
The reaction solution made is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 3.0 V on spun gold reaction electrode by DC power supply, is carried out
The electrochemistry formated of 3.5 h reacts；After reaction, the sediment generated in filtration washing reaction solution obtains high-purity azotetrazole
Bisguanides；
B, 28 g KOH are weighed to be dissolved in 200 mL water, are made into the KOH solution of 2.5 mol/L, then weigh 17 g 5- amino
Tetrazolium is dissolved in the KOH solution, the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 1 mol/L is configured to, later in the 5- amino four of 1 mol/L
10.7 g ammonium chlorides are added in azoles aqueous slkali, are configured to the reaction solution of synthesis azotetrazole ammonium salt；In the reaction solution, three kinds of substances
Concentration ratio are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: KOH: ammonium chloride=1:2.5:1；Using platinum plate electrode as reaction electrode, measures 200 mL and prepare
Reaction solution be electrolyte, apply the response voltage of 2.5 V on platinized platinum reaction electrode by pulse dc power, carry out 5
The electrochemistry formated of h reacts；After reaction, reaction solution is first gradually evaporated under the conditions of 70 DEG C solvent to 70 mL, then remaining molten
Liquid carries out azotetrazole ammonium salt crystallization under the conditions of being placed in 5 DEG C, the sediment generated in filtration washing reaction solution obtains high-purity idol
Nitrogen tetrazolium ammonium；
C, 12.75 g 5- Aminotetrazoles are weighed to be dissolved in 100 mL, 25% concentrated ammonia liquor, are configured to the 5- amino of 1.5 mol/L
Tetrazolium ammonia spirit, the reaction solution as synthesis azotetrazole ammonium salt；Using platinum electrode as reaction electrode, measures 100 mL and prepare
Good solution is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 4.0 V on platinum filament reaction electrode by DC power supply, carries out the electricity of 4 h
Chemosynthesis reaction；After reaction, reaction solution is placed under the conditions of 70 DEG C and gradually evaporates solvent to 30 mL, then surplus solution is set
Azotetrazole crystalline ammonium is carried out under the conditions of 5 DEG C, azotetrazole ammonium is obtained by filtration in washing；
D, 112 g KOH are weighed to be dissolved in 1000 mL water, are made into the KOH solution of 2 mol/L, then weigh 85 g 5- amino
Tetrazolium is dissolved in the KOH solution, the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 1 mol/L is configured to, later in the 5- amino four of 1 mol/L
167 g triamido guanidine nitrates are added in azoles aqueous slkali, are configured to the reaction solution of synthesis azotetrazole triamido guanidine salt；In the reaction solution
In, three kinds of material concentration ratios are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: KOH: triamido guanidine nitrate=1:2:1；It is reaction with the titanium net electrode of sheet
Electrode, the measurement prepared reaction solution of 1000 mL are electrolyte, apply 4.0 on titanium net reaction electrode by DC power supply
The response voltage of V carries out the electrochemistry formated reaction of 8 h；After reaction, the sediment generated in filtration washing reaction solution is obtained
High-purity azotetrazole triaminoguanidine；
E, 20 g NaOH are weighed to be dissolved in 100 mL water, are made into the NaOH solution of 5 mol/L, then weigh 17 g 5- amino
Tetrazolium is dissolved in the NaOH solution, is configured to the 5- Aminotetrazole aqueous slkali of 2 mol/L, in the reaction solution, two kinds of substances
Concentration ratio are as follows: 5- Aminotetrazole: NaOH=1:2.5；Using spun gold electrode as reaction electrode, it is molten to measure the prepared reaction of 100 mL
Liquid is electrolyte, applies the response voltage of 2.0 V on spun gold reaction electrode by DC power supply, carries out the electrochemistry of 3.5 h
Synthetic reaction；After reaction, the crystallization of azotetrazole sodium is carried out under the conditions of solution is placed in 5 DEG C, obtains high-purity azotetrazole sodium five
24.2 g of hydrate；Later, 24.2 g azotetrazole sodium pentahydrate obtained is dissolved in the water under the conditions of 70 DEG C, then
20.36 g triamido guanidine nitrates are added in the solution, makes two kinds of substances that ion exchange reaction occur, is separated after being cooled to room temperature
It is precipitated to azotetrazole triaminoguanidine.
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