CN107841317B - Continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace - Google Patents
Continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN107841317B CN107841317B CN201711055016.2A CN201711055016A CN107841317B CN 107841317 B CN107841317 B CN 107841317B CN 201711055016 A CN201711055016 A CN 201711055016A CN 107841317 B CN107841317 B CN 107841317B
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- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001146 hypoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007281 self degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace, which comprises: the device comprises a fixed frame, a feeding device, a jacket type double-layer furnace body with a mixed gas outlet, a discharging device, a combustion chamber with a burner nozzle, a third air inlet and a fourth air inlet, a mixing chamber with a third air outlet and a fifth air inlet and a jacket pipeline, wherein one end of an inner pipe of the jacket pipeline is communicated with a first air outlet of the furnace body, the other end of the inner pipe is sequentially connected with a first cyclone dust collector and a first fan, and a second air outlet and a second air inlet with a second fan are arranged on an outer pipe of the jacket pipeline; the mixed gas outlet is communicated with a third air inlet through a first pipeline and a third fan in sequence, the second air outlet is connected with a fourth air inlet through a second pipeline, the third air outlet is communicated with the first air inlet through a third pipeline, and the fifth air inlet is connected with the fourth fan. The carbonization furnace has the advantages of strong continuous production, stable production, low energy consumption and no exhaust emission in the carbonization process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a chemical solid waste treatment technology, in particular to a continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace.
Background
Along with the development of social productivity, the development of promoting the productivity by realizing industrial modernization is a necessary trend in the world today, but various wastes are inevitably generated in the production process of the modernized industry, especially chemical industry enterprises can generate a large amount of chemical solid wastes in the production process, the generation amount of the chemical solid wastes can generally reach 0.1-3 tons of solid waste/1 ton of products, and even can reach 8-12 tons of solid waste/1 ton of products, and the solid wastes generated in the chemical industry have the characteristics of various types, complex components and the like, and some have dangerous factors such as toxicity, corrosiveness and the like, so that the method has extremely important significance for reasonably disposing the chemical solid wastes. At present, enterprises usually adopt landfill modes to treat chemical solid wastes, and the chemical solid wastes have weak self-degradation capability, can stay in the environment for a long time and severely pollute the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides a continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace with simple structure and environmental protection.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace comprises: the furnace body is horizontally arranged on the fixed frame, one end of the furnace body is provided with a material feeding hole, the material feeding hole is positioned at the upper part of the furnace body wall and communicated with the furnace chamber, and the material feeding hole is in sealing connection with the feeding device; the other end of the furnace body is provided with a slag discharging hole and a mixed gas outlet, the mixed gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the furnace body wall and communicated with the furnace chamber, the slag discharging hole is positioned at the lower part of the furnace body wall and communicated with the furnace chamber, the slag discharging hole is in sealing connection with the discharging device, the auger shaft is arranged in the furnace chamber in a sealing and penetrating way through a bearing, and the auger shaft is driven by a driving device; the furnace body is a jacketed double-layer furnace body, a first air inlet is formed in the wall of the furnace body at one end of a slag discharge hole, the first air inlet is communicated with a jacket of the furnace body, a first air outlet is formed in the wall of the furnace body at one end of a material feed hole, the first air outlet is communicated with the jacket of the furnace body, a jacket pipeline is arranged at the first air outlet, a closed hollow interlayer is formed between an inner pipe and an outer pipe of the jacket pipeline, one end of the inner pipe of the jacket pipeline is communicated with the first air outlet, the other end of the inner pipe is sequentially connected with a first cyclone dust collector and a first fan, a second air outlet is formed in the outer pipe close to the first air outlet, the second air outlet is communicated with the hollow interlayer of the jacket pipeline, a second air inlet is formed in the outer pipe far away from the first air outlet, and the second air inlet is communicated with the hollow interlayer of the jacket pipeline, and the second air inlet is connected with a second fan; the burner comprises a fixed frame, a burner nozzle, a burner, a third air inlet, a fourth air inlet, a mixed gas outlet, a first pipeline, a third fan and a fifth air inlet, wherein the fixed frame is provided with a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber, the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber are communicated with each other, a nozzle head of the burner nozzle penetrates through a through hole in the combustion chamber in a sealing mode and then stretches into the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet, a mixed gas outlet is communicated with the third air inlet sequentially through the first pipeline and the third fan, the second air outlet is connected with the fourth air inlet through the second pipeline, the mixing chamber is provided with a third air outlet and the fifth air inlet, the third air outlet is communicated with the first air inlet through the third pipeline, and the fifth air inlet is connected with the fourth fan.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace comprises a feeding bin and a feeding auger, wherein a first level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the lower section of the feeding bin, a discharge hole of the feeding bin is in sealing connection with a feed hole of the feeding auger, the discharge hole of the feeding auger is communicated with a material feed hole through a first feed pipe, and a feed valve is further arranged on the first feed pipe; the first charge level indicator, the driving device of the feeding auger and the feeding valve are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace, wherein the structure of the discharging device comprises: the device comprises a discharging bin and a discharging auger, wherein a second material level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the upper section of the discharging bin, a third material level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the lower section of the discharging bin, a feeding hole of the discharging bin is communicated with a slag discharging hole through a second feeding pipe, and a discharging hole of the discharging bin is in sealing connection with a feeding hole of the discharging auger; the driving devices of the second material level gauge, the third material level gauge and the discharging auger are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that the discharge bin is a jacketed double-layer discharge bin, a first water inlet is formed in the discharge bin positioned at the feed inlet end of the discharge bin, the first water inlet is communicated with a jacket of the discharge bin, a first water outlet is formed in the discharge bin positioned at the discharge outlet end of the discharge bin, the first water outlet is communicated with the jacket of the discharge bin, and cooling water enters the jacket of the discharge bin through the first water inlet and is output from the first water outlet after indirectly exchanging heat with slag positioned in the discharge bin; the shell of the discharging auger is a jacketed double-layer shell, a second water inlet is formed in the shell at the feed inlet end of the discharging auger, the second water inlet is communicated with the jacket of the shell, a second water outlet is formed in the shell at the discharge outlet end of the discharging auger, the second water outlet is communicated with the jacket of the shell, and cooling water enters the jacket of the shell through the second water inlet and is output from the second water outlet after indirectly exchanging heat with slag in the discharging auger.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that at least two discharging devices are arranged at the slag discharging hole.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that a closed cavity is arranged on the fixing frame, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the closed cavity, the closed cavity is divided into a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber by the partition plate, the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber are mutually independent, a plurality of small holes are formed in the partition plate, and the combustion chamber is communicated with the mixing chamber through the small holes.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that a dust removing device is arranged on the first pipeline and comprises at least one second cyclone dust collector, and double valves are respectively arranged at the inlet of a dust box of each second cyclone dust collector.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that a U-shaped pressure gauge is respectively arranged on the first pipelines at two sides of the dust removal device, an electric cut-off valve is also arranged on the first pipeline between the dust removal device and the third fan, and the two U-shaped pressure gauges and the electric cut-off valve are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that a furnace body is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure of a furnace chamber, a plurality of first temperature sensors with overtemperature alarm devices are uniformly distributed on the furnace body from front to back, each first temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the furnace chamber, a combustion chamber is provided with a second temperature sensor with overtemperature alarm devices, and the second temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature in the combustion chamber; the driving device for driving the auger shaft, the pressure sensor, each first temperature sensor, each second temperature sensor, each first fan, each second fan, each third fan and each fourth fan are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
Further, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace is characterized in that an oxygen content online analyzer for monitoring the oxygen content in the furnace is arranged at the outlet of the mixed gas, and an alkaline water absorption device is further arranged at the outlet of the first fan.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: (1) The carbonization furnace can gasify and separate harmful substances from chemical solid waste and fully burn the harmful substances cleanly, no waste gas is discharged in the carbonization process, and the final product, namely slag, can be used for secondary utilization in the building industry; (2) The carbonization furnace can run uninterruptedly, the continuous production performance is strong, the production is stable, the noise is low, the energy consumption is low, the safety performance is high, and the slag discharged from the discharging device can be directly packaged; (3) The carbonization furnace has good sealing performance, can effectively prevent harmful gases gasified and separated from chemical solid waste from being discharged outwards from the carbonization furnace, and prevent external air from entering the carbonization furnace, so as to ensure that the carbonization furnace operates in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment and avoid the phenomena of raw material combustion and melting agglomeration in a furnace chamber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure in the left-hand direction of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the furnace body, the mixing chamber and the combustion chamber after removing the fixing frame in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a part of the furnace body and the mixing chamber and the combustion chamber in fig. 3 in an enlarged configuration.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure in the plan view of fig. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged construction of the furnace body at the slag discharge port end of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure of the furnace body at the material feed port end in FIG. 5.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and the preferred embodiments.
The raw materials adopted by the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace are generally powdery or fine granular chemical solid waste. As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace according to this embodiment includes: the furnace comprises a fixed frame 1 and a furnace body 2 with a furnace chamber 20, wherein the furnace body 2 is horizontally arranged on the fixed frame 1, one end of the furnace body 2 is provided with a material feeding port 21, the material feeding port 21 is positioned on the upper part of the furnace body wall and is communicated with the furnace chamber 20, and the material feeding port 21 is in sealing connection with a feeding device. The other end of the furnace body 2 is provided with a slag discharge hole 22 and a mixed gas outlet 23, the mixed gas outlet 23 is positioned at the upper part of the furnace body wall and the mixed gas outlet 23 is communicated with the furnace chamber 20, the slag discharge hole 22 is positioned at the lower part of the furnace body wall and the slag discharge hole 22 is communicated with the furnace chamber 20, the slag discharge hole 22 is in sealing connection with a discharge device, the auger shaft 3 is arranged in the furnace chamber 20 in a penetrating way through a bearing in a sealing way, and the auger shaft 3 is driven by a driving device 30.
As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 7, the structure of the feeding device in this embodiment includes a feeding bin 52 and a feeding auger 51, a first level gauge with an alarm device is disposed at the lower section of the feeding bin 52, a discharge port of the feeding bin 52 is connected with a feed port of the feeding auger 51 in a sealing manner, the discharge port of the feeding auger 51 is communicated with the material feed port 21 through a first feed pipe, and a feed valve is further disposed on the first feed pipe; in the running process of the carbonization furnace, if the raw material height in the feeding bin 52 is lower than that of the first material level indicator, an alarm device connected with the first material level indicator gives an alarm to remind a worker to feed, the raw material in the feeding bin 52 is ensured to be higher than that of the first material level indicator, the sealing performance of the carbonization furnace is further improved, harmful gas separated from chemical solid waste in a gasification mode is prevented from leaking outwards through the first feeding pipe, the feeding auger 51 and the feeding bin 52, and in addition, external air can be prevented from entering the carbonization furnace through the feeding bin 52, the feeding auger 51 and the first feeding pipe, and the carbonization furnace is ensured to run in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment. The first level gauge, the driving device of the feeding auger 51 and the feeding valve are respectively connected with the PLC control device. As shown in fig. 1, 5 and 6, the structure of the discharging device in this embodiment includes: the device comprises a discharge bin 91 and a discharge auger 92, wherein a second material level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the upper section of the discharge bin 91, a third material level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the lower section of the discharge bin 91, a feed inlet of the discharge bin 91 is communicated with a slag discharge port 22 through a second feed pipe 90, and a discharge port of the discharge bin 91 is in sealing connection with a feed inlet of the discharge auger 92; in the running process of the carbonization furnace, if the slag height in the discharge bin 91 is higher than that of the second level gauge, an alarm device connected with the second level gauge gives an alarm to remind workers that excessive slag accumulation in the discharge bin 91 occurs; if the slag height in the discharge bin 91 is lower than the third level indicator, an alarm device connected with the third level indicator gives an alarm to remind workers that the slag in the discharge bin 91 is too little, the slag in the discharge bin 91 needs to be ensured to be higher than the third level indicator, harmful gases separated from chemical solid wastes in gasification are prevented from leaking outwards through the second feed pipe 90, the discharge bin 91 and the discharge auger 92, and in addition, external air can be prevented from entering the carbonization furnace through the discharge auger 92, the discharge bin 91 and the second feed pipe 90, so that the carbonization furnace is ensured to operate in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment. The driving devices of the second level gauge, the third level gauge and the discharging auger 92 are respectively connected with the PLC control device. The discharging bin 91 is a jacketed double-layer discharging bin, as shown in fig. 2, a first water inlet 910 is arranged on the discharging bin 91 at the feeding port end of the discharging bin 91, the first water inlet 910 is communicated with a jacket 912 of the discharging bin, a first water outlet 911 is arranged on the discharging bin 91 at the discharging port end of the discharging bin 91, the first water outlet 911 is communicated with the jacket 912 of the discharging bin, and cooling water enters the jacket 912 of the discharging bin through the first water inlet 910 and is output from the first water outlet 911 after indirectly exchanging heat with slag in the discharging bin 91. The shell of the discharging auger 92 is a jacketed double-layer shell, a second water inlet 920 is formed in the shell at the feed inlet end of the discharging auger 92, the second water inlet 920 is communicated with a jacket 922 of the shell, a second water outlet 921 is formed in the shell at the discharge outlet end of the discharging auger 92, the second water outlet 921 is communicated with the jacket 922 of the shell, and cooling water enters the jacket 922 of the shell through the second water inlet 920 and is output from the second water outlet 921 after indirectly exchanging heat with slag in the discharging auger 92. At least two discharging devices are generally disposed at the slag discharging hole 22, in this embodiment, three discharging devices are disposed at the slag discharging hole 22 for illustration, and the three discharging devices are sequentially arranged in sequence, and slag output from the slag discharging hole 22 is discharged after sequentially passing through the three discharging devices. The discharging bin 91 is arranged to be a jacketed double-layer discharging bin, the outer shell of the discharging auger 92 is arranged to be a jacketed double-layer shell, and the multistage discharging device is arranged, so that the slag output from the slag discharging hole 22 can be cooled, the temperature of the slag output from the last stage discharging device is ensured not to be higher than 80 ℃, the slag output from the last stage discharging device cannot generate a hidden fire phenomenon, the slag can be directly packaged, a space is not required to be opened up for cooling and stacking the slag, and the space utilization rate is high.
The furnace body 2 in this embodiment is a jacketed double-layer furnace body, a first air inlet 24 is arranged on the wall of the furnace body at one end of a slag discharge hole 22, the first air inlet 24 is communicated with a jacket 25 of the furnace body, a first air outlet 26 is arranged on the wall of the furnace body at one end of a material feed hole 21, the first air outlet 26 is communicated with the jacket 25 of the furnace body, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the jacketed double-layer furnace body in this embodiment is composed of an inner cylinder body and an outer cylinder body, the furnace chamber 20 is arranged in the inner cylinder body, the two ends of the inner cylinder body extend out of the outer cylinder body respectively, a closed jacket cavity is formed between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body, the material feed hole 21, the slag discharge hole 22 and the mixed gas outlet 23 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the inner cylinder body, and the first air inlet 24 and the first air outlet 26 are arranged at the two ends of the outer cylinder body. As shown in fig. 5 and 7, a jacket pipe 4 is arranged at the first air outlet 26, a closed hollow interlayer 40 is formed between an inner pipe 41 and an outer pipe 42 of the jacket pipe 4, one end of the inner pipe 41 of the jacket pipe 4 is communicated with the first air outlet 26, the other end of the inner pipe 41 is sequentially connected with a first cyclone dust collector 65 and a first fan 61, a second air outlet 43 is arranged on the outer pipe 42 close to the first air outlet 26, the second air outlet 43 is communicated with the hollow interlayer 40 of the jacket pipe 4, a second air inlet 44 is arranged on the outer pipe 42 far from the first air outlet 26, the second air inlet 44 is communicated with the hollow interlayer 40 of the jacket pipe 4, and the second air inlet 44 is connected with a second fan 62. The combustion chamber 71 and the mixing chamber 72 are arranged on the fixed frame 1, the combustion chamber 71 and the mixing chamber 72 are mutually communicated, the combustion chamber 71 and the mixing chamber 72 can be mutually communicated through pipelines, in actual production, the fixed frame can also be provided with the closed chamber 7, the middle part of the closed chamber 7 is provided with a partition plate, the closed chamber 7 is divided into the combustion chamber 71 and the mixing chamber 72 through the partition plate, the combustion chamber 71 and the mixing chamber 72 are mutually independent, a plurality of small holes are arranged on the partition plate, the combustion chamber 71 is communicated with the mixing chamber 72 through the small holes, and high-temperature gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 71 can enter the mixing chamber 72 through the small holes. The nozzle head of the burner nozzle passes through the through hole on the combustion chamber 71 in a sealing way and then extends into the combustion chamber 71, so that in order to meet the heat supply quantity of the combustion chamber 71 in the actual use process, harmful substances in harmful gases gasified and separated from chemical solid waste can be fully combusted and cleaned, a plurality of burner nozzles can be arranged, and the burner nozzles can adopt natural gas as combustible substances or other combustible substances. The combustion chamber 71 is provided with a third air inlet 73 and a fourth air inlet 74, the mixed gas outlet 23 is communicated with the third air inlet 73 through a first pipeline 81 and a third fan 63 in sequence, the second air outlet 43 is connected with the fourth air inlet 74 through a second pipeline 82, the mixing chamber 72 is provided with a third air outlet 75 and a fifth air inlet 76, the third air outlet 75 is communicated with the first air inlet 24 through a third pipeline 83, the fifth air inlet 76 is connected with the fourth fan 64, external air enters the mixing chamber 72 through the fourth fan 64 and the fifth air inlet 76 and is mixed with high-temperature gas entering the mixing chamber 72 from the combustion chamber 71 to form high-temperature mixed gas, and the temperature of the high-temperature mixed gas is regulated by regulating the air inlet quantity of the fourth fan 64, so that the carbonization temperature of raw materials in the furnace body 2 is regulated.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in this embodiment, a dust removing device is disposed on a first pipeline 81, and the dust removing device includes at least one second cyclone dust collector 66, in this embodiment, two second cyclone dust collectors 66 are sequentially disposed on the first pipeline 81 in sequence, and a double valve is disposed at an inlet of a dust box of each second cyclone dust collector 66, where the double valve is disposed, so that harmful gas gasified and separated from chemical solid waste can be prevented from being discharged outwards through the dust box, and external air can be prevented from entering a carbonization furnace through the dust box, and the carbonization furnace is ensured to operate in an anaerobic or hypoxic environment. A U-shaped pressure gauge is respectively arranged on the first pipelines 81 at two sides of the dust removing device: the first U-shaped pressure gauge 812 and the second U-shaped pressure gauge 813 indicate that the dust removing device is blocked if the pressure difference between the first U-shaped pressure gauge 812 and the second U-shaped pressure gauge 813 exceeds a certain value in the operation process of the carbonization furnace, and the dust removing device needs to be cleaned, so that the phenomenon that the pressure of the first pipeline 81 is overlarge and bursts due to the blockage of the dust removing device can be avoided. An electric shut-off valve 811 is further provided on the first pipe 81 between the second U-shaped pressure gauge 813 and the third fan 63, and the first U-shaped pressure gauge 812, the second U-shaped pressure gauge 813 and the electric shut-off valve 811 are connected with the PLC control device, respectively. When the carbonization furnace is suddenly powered off in the operation process, the electric cut-off valve 811 can seal the first pipeline 81, so that harmful gases gasified and separated from the chemical solid waste are prevented from being discharged outwards through the first pipeline 81 and the third fan 63. A pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the furnace chamber 20 is arranged on the furnace body 2, a plurality of first temperature sensors with overtemperature alarm devices are uniformly distributed on the furnace body 2 from front to back, each first temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature in the furnace chamber 20, a second temperature sensor with overtemperature alarm devices is arranged on the combustion chamber 71, and the second temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature in the combustion chamber 71; the driving device 30, the pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the first fan 61, the second fan 62, the third fan 63 and the fourth fan 64 for driving the auger shaft 3 are respectively connected with a PLC control device. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor can adopt K-type thermocouples. An on-line oxygen content analyzer for monitoring the oxygen content in the furnace is arranged at the mixed gas outlet 23, so that the carbonization furnace can be ensured to operate in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment. An alkaline water absorbing device is also provided at the air outlet of the first fan 61. In the actual use process, the driving device of the feeding auger 51, the driving device of the discharging device 92, the driving device 30 for driving the auger shaft 3, the first fan 61, the second fan 62, the third fan 63 and the fourth fan 64 are all controlled by frequency converters.
The working principle of the carbonization furnace is as follows: raw materials enter the furnace chamber 20 of the carbonization furnace through the feeding device and the material feeding port 21, and the auger shaft 3 rotates under the driving of the driving device 30 to drive the raw materials in the furnace chamber 20 to move from the material feeding port 21 end to the slag discharging port 22 end. When the raw materials enter the furnace chamber 20, a burner nozzle is started to enable combustible substances to burn in the combustion chamber 71, high-temperature gas generated by burning enters the mixing chamber 72, the fourth fan 64 is started to burn, external air enters the mixing chamber 72 through the fourth fan 64 and the fifth air inlet 76 to be mixed with the high-temperature gas to form high-temperature mixed gas, the high-temperature mixed gas enters the jacket 25 of the furnace body through the third air outlet 75, the third pipeline 83 and the first air inlet 24 to indirectly exchange heat with the raw materials in the furnace chamber 20, the raw materials in the furnace chamber 20 are carbonized at high temperature, slag obtained after the high-temperature carbonization of the raw materials is discharged outwards from the slag discharge port 22 and the discharge device, and harmful gas obtained after the high-temperature carbonization of the raw materials and separated from the raw materials by gasification enters the combustion chamber 71 through the mixed gas outlet 23, the first pipeline 81, the dust removing device, the third fan 63 and the third air inlet 73 to be combusted at high temperature together with the combustible substances. The mixed gas with waste heat in the jacket 25 of the furnace body after indirect heat exchange is discharged from the first gas outlet 26, the inner pipe 41 of the jacket pipeline 4, the first cyclone dust collector 65, the first fan 61 and the alkaline water absorbing device; when the burner nozzle is started, the second fan 62 is started, external air enters the hollow interlayer 40 of the jacket pipeline 4 through the second fan 62 and the second air inlet 44, and carries out indirect heat exchange with the mixed gas with waste heat in the inner pipe 41 of the jacket pipeline 4, and the air absorbing the waste heat enters the combustion chamber 71 through the second air outlet 43, the second pipeline 82 and the fourth air inlet 74, so that the waste heat is recycled, the temperature in the combustion chamber 71 is further improved, and the harmful substances in the harmful gas gasified and separated from the raw materials entering the combustion chamber 71 can be fully combusted. In the running process of the carbonization furnace, the first material level gauge, the driving device of the feeding auger 51, the feeding valve, the second material level gauge, the third material level gauge, the driving device of the discharging auger 92, the first U-shaped pressure gauge 812, the second U-shaped pressure gauge 813, the electric cut-off valve 811, the driving device 30 for driving the auger shaft 3, the pressure sensor, each first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the first fan 61, the second fan 62, the third fan 63 and the fourth fan 64 are controlled by the PLC control device, so that the control of the feeding speed of raw materials, the control of the carbonization time of raw materials in the furnace chamber 20, the control of the slag discharging speed, the control of the carbonization temperature and the like are realized, the automation is strong, the operation is flexible and convenient, and the labor cost is greatly reduced.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way, but any modifications or equivalent variations according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still included in the scope of the present invention.
The invention has the advantages that: (1) The carbonization furnace can gasify and separate harmful substances from chemical solid waste and burn the harmful substances fully, no waste gas is discharged in the carbonization process, and the final product, namely slag, can be used for secondary utilization in the building industry; (2) The carbonization furnace can run uninterruptedly, the continuous production performance is strong, the production is stable, the noise is low, the energy consumption is low, the safety performance is high, and the slag discharged from the discharging device can be directly packaged; (3) The carbonization furnace has good sealing performance, can effectively prevent harmful gases gasified and separated from chemical solid waste from being discharged outwards from the carbonization furnace, and prevent external air from entering the carbonization furnace, so as to ensure that the carbonization furnace operates in an anaerobic or low-oxygen environment and avoid the phenomena of raw material combustion and melting agglomeration in the furnace chamber 20.
Claims (10)
1. Continuous chemical industry solid waste anaerobic carbonization stove includes: the fixed frame and the furnace body of taking the furnace chamber, its characterized in that: the furnace body is horizontally arranged on the fixed frame, one end of the furnace body is provided with a material feeding hole, the material feeding hole is positioned at the upper part of the wall of the furnace body and is communicated with the furnace chamber, and the material feeding hole is in sealing connection with the feeding device; the other end of the furnace body is provided with a slag discharging hole and a mixed gas outlet, the mixed gas outlet is positioned at the upper part of the furnace body wall and communicated with the furnace chamber, the slag discharging hole is positioned at the lower part of the furnace body wall and communicated with the furnace chamber, the slag discharging hole is in sealing connection with the discharging device, the auger shaft is arranged in the furnace chamber in a sealing and penetrating way through a bearing, and the auger shaft is driven by a driving device; the furnace body is a jacketed double-layer furnace body, a first air inlet is formed in the wall of the furnace body at one end of a slag discharge hole, the first air inlet is communicated with a jacket of the furnace body, a first air outlet is formed in the wall of the furnace body at one end of a material feed hole, the first air outlet is communicated with the jacket of the furnace body, a jacket pipeline is arranged at the first air outlet, a closed hollow interlayer is formed between an inner pipe and an outer pipe of the jacket pipeline, one end of the inner pipe of the jacket pipeline is communicated with the first air outlet, the other end of the inner pipe is sequentially connected with a first cyclone dust collector and a first fan, a second air outlet is formed in the outer pipe close to the first air outlet, the second air outlet is communicated with the hollow interlayer of the jacket pipeline, a second air inlet is formed in the outer pipe far away from the first air outlet, and the second air inlet is communicated with the hollow interlayer of the jacket pipeline, and the second air inlet is connected with a second fan; the burner comprises a fixed frame, a burner nozzle, a burner, a third air inlet, a fourth air inlet, a mixed gas outlet, a first pipeline, a third fan and a fifth air inlet, wherein the fixed frame is provided with a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber, the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber are communicated with each other, a nozzle head of the burner nozzle penetrates through a through hole in the combustion chamber in a sealing mode and then stretches into the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with the third air inlet and the fourth air inlet, a mixed gas outlet is communicated with the third air inlet sequentially through the first pipeline and the third fan, the second air outlet is connected with the fourth air inlet through the second pipeline, the mixing chamber is provided with a third air outlet and the fifth air inlet, the third air outlet is communicated with the first air inlet through the third pipeline, and the fifth air inlet is connected with the fourth fan.
2. The continuous oxygen-free carbonization furnace for chemical solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: the structure of the feeding device comprises a feeding bin and a feeding auger, a first level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the lower section of the feeding bin, a discharge hole of the feeding bin is in sealing connection with a feed inlet of the feeding auger, the discharge hole of the feeding auger is communicated with a material feed inlet through a first feed pipe, and a feed valve is further arranged on the first feed pipe; the first charge level indicator, the driving device of the feeding auger and the feeding valve are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
3. The continuous oxygen-free carbonization furnace for chemical solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: the structure of the discharging device comprises: the device comprises a discharging bin and a discharging auger, wherein a second material level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the upper section of the discharging bin, a third material level gauge with an alarm device is arranged at the lower section of the discharging bin, a feeding hole of the discharging bin is communicated with a slag discharging hole through a second feeding pipe, and a discharging hole of the discharging bin is in sealing connection with a feeding hole of the discharging auger; the driving devices of the second material level gauge, the third material level gauge and the discharging auger are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
4. A continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace according to claim 3, wherein: the discharging bin is a jacketed double-layer discharging bin, a first water inlet is formed in the discharging bin at the feeding hole end of the discharging bin, the first water inlet is communicated with a jacket of the discharging bin, a first water outlet is formed in the discharging bin at the discharging hole end of the discharging bin, the first water outlet is communicated with the jacket of the discharging bin, and cooling water enters the jacket of the discharging bin through the first water inlet and is output from the first water outlet after indirectly exchanging heat with slag in the discharging bin; the shell of the discharging auger is a jacketed double-layer shell, a second water inlet is formed in the shell at the feed inlet end of the discharging auger, the second water inlet is communicated with the jacket of the shell, a second water outlet is formed in the shell at the discharge outlet end of the discharging auger, the second water outlet is communicated with the jacket of the shell, and cooling water enters the jacket of the shell through the second water inlet and is output from the second water outlet after indirectly exchanging heat with slag in the discharging auger.
5. The continuous oxygen-free carbonization furnace for chemical solid waste according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: at least two discharging devices are arranged at the slag discharging hole.
6. A continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that: the fixed frame is provided with a closed cavity, the middle part of the closed cavity is provided with a baffle plate, the baffle plate separates the closed cavity into a combustion chamber and a mixing chamber, the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber are mutually independent, the baffle plate is provided with a plurality of small holes, and the combustion chamber is communicated with the mixing chamber through the small holes.
7. A continuous chemical solid waste anaerobic carbonization furnace according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that: the dust collector comprises at least one second cyclone dust collector, and a double valve is respectively arranged at the inlet of a dust box of each second cyclone dust collector.
8. The continuous oxygen-free carbonization furnace for chemical solid waste according to claim 7, wherein: the first pipelines at two sides of the dust removing device are respectively provided with a U-shaped pressure gauge, the first pipeline between the dust removing device and the third fan is also provided with an electric cut-off valve, and the two U-shaped pressure gauges and the electric cut-off valve are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
9. The continuous oxygen-free carbonization furnace for chemical solid waste according to claim 1, wherein: the furnace body is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure of the furnace chamber, a plurality of first temperature sensors with overtemperature alarm devices are uniformly distributed on the furnace body from front to back, each first temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the furnace chamber, the combustion chamber is provided with a second temperature sensor with overtemperature alarm devices, and the second temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature in the combustion chamber; the driving device for driving the auger shaft, the pressure sensor, each first temperature sensor, each second temperature sensor, each first fan, each second fan, each third fan and each fourth fan are respectively connected with the PLC control device.
10. The continuous oxygen-free carbonization furnace for chemical solid waste according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: an oxygen content online analyzer for monitoring the oxygen content in the furnace is arranged at the outlet of the mixed gas, and an alkaline water absorbing device is also arranged at the outlet of the first fan.
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| CN115488136A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-20 | 苏州汉特环保工程有限公司 | Pyrolysis treatment system and method for organic waste |
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