CN107841204A - 一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜，组分包括：FEVE树脂、异氰酸酯固化剂、纳米TiO2、硅烷偶联剂、光稳定剂、光吸收剂、烷基苯磺酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠。本发明提供了一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法，利用FEVE的特殊结构，控制FEVE的氟含量，由于含氟树脂具备在酯类，酮类及芳烃溶剂中的可溶性，克服了氟涂料需烧结成膜的缺点，使其可按普通的涂料成膜方式固化，达到常温固化的目的，制得的含氟聚氨酯不仅耐候性优异，而且耐酸碱及耐溶剂性优良，同时兼顾了高反射率的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池板技术领域，具体涉及一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能光伏组件封装材料中的背板膜直接接触外面自然环境的封装材料，其主要材料为具有优良电绝缘性和阻水阻气性能的PET膜，但PET膜耐湿热老化和紫外光UV的性能差，所以在PET膜的表面复合或涂覆功能性材料以弥补上述缺陷。背板作为保护组件的一部分，需要有很高的可靠性，其中背板的反射率影响光伏组件的转换效率，反射率越高则功率越高。涂覆型背板的内层与EVA接触，整个组件的电池排串间距中存在空隙，透光光线通过背板的反射作用增加了电池片表面的入射光总量，提高了组件的电流，增加了组件功率，内层反射率如果提高10％，光伏组件的功率可增益1W以上。而背板膜的反射率与涂层的光泽度有关，背板膜的光泽度越高，则膜的反射率越高，而背板膜材料的使用环境要求涂层具备优良的耐酸碱性能。
专利CN103022192提供了一种高反射率太阳能电池背板膜及一种太阳能电池，专利CN103000727提供了一种阻燃型太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法，及一种太阳能电池，CN104371285中提供了一种耐高温耐光老化太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法，但是现有的技术只是突出了某一种性能，而本发明中利用利用FEVE的特殊结构，控制FEVE的氟含量，由于含氟树脂具备在酯类、酮类及芳烃溶剂中的可溶性，克服了氟涂料需烧结成膜的缺点，使其可按普通的涂料成膜方式固化，达到常温固化的目的，制得的含氟聚氨酯不仅耐候性优异，而且耐酸碱及耐溶剂性优良，同时兼顾了高反射率的优点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜及其制备方法，利用FEVE的特殊结构，控制FEVE的氟含量，由于含氟树脂具备在酯类、酮类及芳烃溶剂中的可溶性，克服了氟涂料需烧结成膜的缺点，使其可按普通的涂料成膜方式固化，达到常温固化的目的，制得的含氟聚氨酯不仅耐候性优异，而且耐酸碱及耐溶剂性优良，同时兼顾了高反射率的优点。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜，包括以下重量份材料：
其中，光稳定剂为受阻胺类、二苯甲酮类或水杨酸苯酯类；
其中，光吸收剂为2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、水杨酸苯酯或2，4-二羟基二苯甲酮；
其中，FEVE树脂的制备方法为：将以下重量份材料：三氟氯乙烯30-35份，环己基乙烯基醚40-42份，羟丁基乙烯基醚12-14份和烷基乙烯基醚15-17份溶于25-26份乙酸丁酯溶剂中，加入6-8份引发剂，搅拌均匀后加入350-380份四氟乙烯，在80-85℃下搅拌反应12-15h，降温过滤出料。
这种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法包括：
1)将基材依次进行静电处理或表面等离子处理得到表面处理过的基板；
2)按比例称取上述材料，搅拌得到混合乳液；
3)将得到的混合乳液涂覆于表面处理过的基板，在100-120℃下发生交联反应，反应时间为15min，得到太阳能电池背板膜。
优选地，所述引发剂为偶氮引发剂。
优选地，所述光稳定剂为2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物。
优选地，所述背板膜厚度为16-20微米。
本发明的有益效果是：
1.由于FEVE的特殊结构，控制FEVE的氟含量，使得含氟树脂具备了在酯类，酮类及芳烃溶剂中的可溶性，克服了氟涂料需烧结成膜的缺点，使其可按普通的涂料成膜方式固化，它可以和封闭型多异氰酸酯或三聚氰胺树脂制成单组分中温烘烤涂料，也可以和多异氰酸酯制成双组分涂料，达到常温固化的目的，制得的含氟聚氨酯不仅耐候性优异，而且耐酸碱及耐溶剂性优良。
2.FEVE树脂结构中因其含有氟元素，对各种酸碱液体和其他有机溶剂不具渗透性，并且树脂膜的透湿气率较低，所以FEVE涂料具有较好的耐酸碱性。由单体的竞聚率可知，FEVE树脂结构中不含氟单体与氟烯烃单体交替连接，化学稳定性高的氟烯烃单体对于相对耐酸碱性差的不含氟单体起一定的保护作用，从而使得FEVE树脂在具有柔韧性的同时兼具耐酸碱的优良性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
实施例1：
1)FEVE树脂的制备：将以下重量份材料：三氟氯乙烯35份，环己基乙烯基醚40份，羟丁基乙烯基醚12份和烷基乙烯基醚15份溶于26份乙酸丁酯溶剂中，加入6份偶氮引发剂，搅拌均匀后加入350份四氟乙烯，在85℃下搅拌反应15h，降温过滤出料；
2)太阳能电池背板膜的制备：将基材依次进行静电处理或表面等离子处理得到表面处理过的基板；按比例称取材料：FEVE树脂55份、异氰酸酯固化剂10份、纳米TiO2 20份、硅烷偶联剂5份、光稳定剂2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物0.05份、光吸收剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮0.1份、烷基苯磺酸钠0.3份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份；搅拌得到混合乳液；将得到的混合乳液涂覆于表面处理过的基板，厚度为20微米，在120℃下发生交联反应，反应时间为15min，得到太阳能电池背板膜。
实施例2：
1)FEVE树脂的制备：三氟氯乙烯30份，环己基乙烯基醚40份，羟丁基乙烯基醚12份和烷基乙烯基醚15份溶于25份乙酸丁酯溶剂中，加入8份偶氮引发剂，搅拌均匀后加入350份四氟乙烯，在85℃下搅拌反应15h，降温过滤出料；
2)太阳能电池背板膜的制备：将基材依次进行静电处理或表面等离子处理得到表面处理过的基板；按比例称取材料：FEVE树脂55份、异氰酸酯固化剂10份、纳米TiO2 20份、硅烷偶联剂1份、光稳定剂2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物0.05份、光吸收剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮0.1份、烷基苯磺酸钠0.3份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份；搅拌得到混合乳液；将得到的混合乳液涂覆于表面处理过的基板，厚度为20微米，在120℃下发生交联反应，反应时间为15min，得到太阳能电池背板膜。
对比例1：
1)FEVE树脂的制备：将以下重量份材料：三氟氯乙烯35份，环己基乙烯基醚40份，羟丁基乙烯基醚12份和烷基乙烯基醚15份溶于26份乙酸丁酯溶剂中，加入6份偶氮引发剂，搅拌均匀后加入200份四氟乙烯，在85℃下搅拌反应15h，降温过滤出料；
2)太阳能电池背板膜的制备：将基材依次进行静电处理或表面等离子处理得到表面处理过的基板；按比例称取材料：FEVE树脂55份、异氰酸酯固化剂10份、纳米TiO2 20份、硅烷偶联剂5份、光稳定剂2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物0.05份、光吸收剂2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮0.1份、烷基苯磺酸钠0.3份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份；搅拌得到混合乳液；将得到的混合乳液涂覆于表面处理过的基板，厚度为20微米，在120℃下发生交联反应，反应时间为15min，得到太阳能电池背板膜。
测试方法：
1)拉伸强度：按照GB/T1040-2006标准，采用美国英斯特朗公司生产的INSTRON万能材料试验机，测试高反射率太阳能电池背板膜的拉伸强度。
2)水蒸气透过率：按照GB/T1037-1988标准测试，采用TSY-W2水蒸气透过率测试仪对背膜进行测试。
3)反射率：按照GB/TGB/T3979-2008标准测试，采用美国Hunterlab公司生产的ColorQuestXE分光测色仪，在D65光源条件下，通过积分球d/8°结构测试其反射率，反射率数据为400-700nm每隔10nm波长的反射率的加权平均值，权值对应D65光源的能量分布曲线。
4)热收缩率：将样品放置在150℃烘箱内半小时，测定其热收缩率。
同时使用10％的NaOH溶液测试耐碱性、使用10％的H2SO4溶液测试耐酸性，得到实施例1-2和对比例1的对比信息如下表所示：
数据显示，实施例1-2相对于对比例1中各项性能指标都有一定的提升，实施例1-2利用FEVE的特殊结构，控制FEVE的氟含量，由于含氟树脂具备在酯类，酮类及芳烃溶剂中的可溶性，克服了氟涂料需烧结成膜的缺点，使其可按普通的涂料成膜方式固化，达到常温固化的目的，制得的含氟聚氨酯不仅耐候性优异，而且耐酸碱及耐溶剂性优良，同时兼顾了高反射率的优点。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的实例。
Claims (5)
1.一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，包括以下重量份材料：
其中，光稳定剂为受阻胺类、二苯甲酮类或水杨酸苯酯类；
其中，光吸收剂为2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、水杨酸苯酯或2，4-二羟基二苯甲酮；
其中，FEVE树脂的制备方法为：将以下重量份材料：三氟氯乙烯30-35份，环己基乙烯基醚40-42份，羟丁基乙烯基醚12-14份和烷基乙烯基醚15-17份溶于25-26份乙酸丁酯溶剂中，加入6-8份引发剂，搅拌均匀后加入350-380份四氟乙烯，在80-85℃下搅拌反应12-15h，降温过滤出料。
2.一种权利要求1所述的一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
1)将基材依次进行静电处理或表面等离子处理得到表面处理过的基板；
2)按比例称取上述材料，搅拌得到混合乳液；
3)将得到的混合乳液涂覆于表面处理过的基板，在100-120℃下发生交联反应，反应时间为15min，得到太阳能电池背板膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述引发剂为偶氮引发剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述光稳定剂为2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候高反射率太阳能电池背板膜，其特征在于，所述背板膜厚度为16-20微米。
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