CN107841012A - A kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107841012A
CN107841012A CN201711044916.7A CN201711044916A CN107841012A CN 107841012 A CN107841012 A CN 107841012A CN 201711044916 A CN201711044916 A CN 201711044916A CN 107841012 A CN107841012 A CN 107841012A
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chloroprene rubber
neoprene
basalt fibre
modified chloroprene
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舒春柳
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Sichuan Lizhi Jiuchuang Intellectual Property Operations Ltd
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Sichuan Lizhi Jiuchuang Intellectual Property Operations Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L11/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of chloroprene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08L25/06—Polystyrene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/28—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances natural or synthetic rubbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/442—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from aromatic vinyl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/004—Additives being defined by their length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2203/00—Applications
    • C08L2203/20—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets
    • C08L2203/202—Applications use in electrical or conductive gadgets use in electrical wires or wirecoating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and preparation method thereof, the material is prepared including following parts by weight raw material：15 30 parts of basalt fibre, 0.001 0.003 parts of graphene, 10 20 parts of modifying agent, 25 40 parts of polystyrene, 35 50 parts of neoprene, 0.3 0.8 parts of coupling agent, 0.1 0.3 parts of crosslinking agent；Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is added in neoprene and carried out cross-linking modified, the significant tensile strength energy for improving neoprene, and preferable processability is remained, the chloroprene rubber material is used for the restrictive coating of cable, the tensile property of cable can be dramatically increased.

Description

A kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to cable material field, and in particular to a kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and its preparation side Method.
Background technology
Cable is to be fabricated to conductor thread core by twisted with one or more wire, then corresponding insulation is imposed on conductor Layer, the wire that outside is wrapped sealing sheath and formed, is mainly made up of core, insulating barrier, screen layer and restrictive coating.Cable has Take ground and space is few；Power supply safety is reliable, and electric shock possibility is small；Be advantageous to improve the power factor of power system；Operation, Maintenance work is simple and convenient；Be advantageous to beautifying city, there is many advantages, such as confidentiality, in being widely used in living and producing Every field.The effect of the coat layer of power cable is intrusion of the sealing protection cable from introduced contaminants and moisture, prevents that external force is straight Connect damage cable insulation.Cable cover(ing) layer material not only requires good airproof performance, anti-corrosive properties height, high mechanical strength, good flame resistance, Should also have certain tensile strength.
Neoprene is chlorobutadiene（That is the chloro- 1,3- butadiene of 2-）The elasticity of α-polymerization generation is carried out for primary raw material Body, there is good physical and mechanical properties, oil resistant is heat-resisting, resistance to combustion, resistance to daylight, resistance to ozone, acid and alkali-resistance, and chemical-resistant reagent etc. is excellent Point, it is widely used in electronics, automobile, machinery and chemical field.In field of cables, neoprene can also be used as cable material One of.With application of the cable in more areas, the application environment of cable also becomes increasingly complex, thus, to the items of cable Also more and more higher, the cable performance being prepared with single chloroprene rubber material can not meet cable performance for the requirement of performance Requirement, cable is modified with chloroprene rubber material and necessitated.
Tensile property is one of basic performance that cable needs to have, and is continuously increased with the scope of cable application, cable The span of laying also improves constantly, thus, also more and more higher is required to the tensile property of cable, to cable chloroprene rubber material Tensile property requirement also more and more higher.A variety of methods are also used in the prior art to improve the tension of chloroprene rubber material Property, such as：The method that is crosslinked to neoprene of addition high strength fiber peacekeeping, but because the specific aim of raw material selection is poor or The influence of factor such as it is not controlled to the neoprene degree of polymerization, obtained modified chloroprene rubber material tensile property does not have Reach the requirement of anticipation, otherwise processability is good but tensile strength is insufficient, otherwise well but processability is deteriorated tensile strength, so as to serious It has impact on the production and application of cable.
The content of the invention
The defects of it is an object of the invention to overcome the chloroprene rubber material tensile strength deficiency for being currently used for cable, there is provided A kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and preparation method thereof；The present invention adds the basalt fibre Jing Guo modification Into neoprene and carry out cross-linking modified, significantly improve the tensile strength of neoprene, and remain preferable processing Property, the chloroprene rubber material is used for cable, the tensile property of cable can be dramatically increased.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the invention provides a kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, including with Lower parts by weight raw material are prepared：The basalt fibre, the graphene of 0.001-0.003 parts of 15-30 parts, 10-20 parts change Property agent, the polystyrene of 25-40 parts, the neoprene of 35-50 parts, the coupling agent of 0.3-0.8 parts, the crosslinking agent of 0.1-0.3 parts.
A kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material of the present invention, neoprene can be increased according to basalt fibre and crosslinking The general principle of tensile strength, not only by targetedly screening modifying agent, coupling agent and the species of crosslinking agent, to improve the Black Warrior Compatibility between rock fiber and neoprene, make basalt fibre more preferable to the tensile strength humidification of neoprene, also Modified chloroprene rubber material is set to be reached between tensile strength and processability by controlling the degree of polymerization of chloroprene rubber material To optimum balance relation, the chloroprene rubber material so as to make to obtain also meets system under conditions of with excellent tensile strength Processability required for standby cable, so as to largely produce the cable of high-tensile.
A kind of above-mentioned tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, wherein graphene can act synergistically with basalt fibre, On the premise of not appreciably affecting chloroprene rubber material electrical property, the tensile strength of chloroprene rubber material is dramatically increased；Graphene Amount needs to control in prescribed limit, and dosage is excessive, and chloroprene rubber material resistivity is greatly reduced, and insulating properties reduces, and is not suitable for For the coat layer of power cable；Dosage is very few, small to chloroprene rubber material tensile strength increasing action, action effect unobvious；It is preferred that , described graphene dosage is 0.002 part.
A kind of above-mentioned tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, wherein, a diameter of 0.01-0.5 μ of described basalt fibre M, length are 10-180 μm；Basalt fibre diameter and length are smaller, dispersed poorer, the enhancing to neoprene tensile strength Effect reduces, and basalt fibre diameter and length are bigger, and compatibility is poorer in neoprene phase, interfacial separation easily occurs, Influence the tensile strength of chloroprene rubber material；Preferably, a diameter of 0.05-0.2 μm of described basalt fibre, length 30- 80μm；Most preferably, a diameter of 0.1 μm of described basalt fibre, length are 50 μm；By preferred, basalt fibre is to chlorine The tension enhancing effect of buna material is best.
A kind of above-mentioned tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, wherein, described modifying agent is pyrovinic acid and polypropylene The mixture of acid composition；Described modifying agent can improve the compatibility of basalt fibre and neoprene, and increase material tension is strong Degree；Preferably, the ratio between amount of material of pyrovinic acid and polyacrylic acid is 1 ︰ 3 in described modifying agent.
A kind of above-mentioned tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, wherein, the degree of polymerization of neoprene is bigger, tension after crosslinking Intensity is poorer, and processability is better, and the polymer of neoprene is smaller, then tensile strength is better after being crosslinked, and processability is poorer, because This, selects the rational neoprene degree of polymerization, is the important means for balancing tensile strength and processability.Described polystyrene gathers Right is 180-300；Preferably, the degree of polymerization of described polystyrene is 220-260；It is optimal, described polystyrene The degree of polymerization is 240；By preferred, obtained neoprene both has excellent tensile strength, it may have preferable processability, fits Share in preparing the coat layer of power cable.
Wherein, the described neoprene degree of polymerization is 1200-2000；Preferably, the degree of polymerization of the neoprene is 1400-1800；Most preferably, the degree of polymerization of described neoprene is 1600；By preferred, obtained neoprene both had Excellent tensile strength, it may have preferable processability, be suitable for preparing the coat layer of power cable.
A kind of above-mentioned tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, wherein, described coupling agent is anilinomethyl triethoxy Silane；Anilinomethyl triethoxysilane can increase the compatibility between basalt fibre and chloroprene rubber material, improve neoprene The performance of elastomeric material.
Wherein, described crosslinking agent is isocyanates crosslinking agent, and the crosslinking agent can not only be by two kinds of different polymerization degrees Neoprene is suitably crosslinked, and improves the tensile strength of chloroprene rubber material, can be improved profound with the compatibility of basalt fibre, increase Military rock fiber forms synergistic function to the modifying function of neoprene with basalt fibre.
A kind of above-mentioned tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, wherein, its raw material also includes dispersant, plasticizer, resisted One or more in electrostatic agent, coloring agent, brightener；Above-mentioned auxiliary agent can improve tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material Processability, increase the effect such as its feature, so as to improve its applicability.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, further, the invention provides a kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material The preparation method of material, comprises the following steps：
（1）Basalt fibre is modified with modifying agent and handles and dries；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is handled with coupling agent；
（3）After basalt fibre by coupling processing is well mixed with graphene, polystyrene, neoprene, crosslinking agent Extruded with extruder, obtain tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material.
A kind of preparation method of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material of the present invention, is first modified place to basalt fibre Reason, increases its compatibility with high polymer material, then basalt fibre is coupled with coupling agent, finally with neoprene etc. Raw material is mixed, and basalt fibre is dispersed in crosslinking neoprene, formation stability is good, tensile strength is good, processability Good modified chloroprene rubber material；The preparation method is simple and reliable, is suitable for the big of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material Scale, industrialized production.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, graphene can act synergistically with basalt fibre in tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material of the present invention, in not clear development On the premise of ringing chloroprene rubber material electrical property, the tensile strength of chloroprene rubber material is dramatically increased.
2nd, tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material of the present invention targetedly screens the kind of modifying agent, coupling agent and crosslinking agent Class, to improve the compatibility between basalt fibre and neoprene, basalt fibre is set to increase the tensile strength of neoprene Pretend with more preferable.
3rd, tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material of the present invention is made modified by controlling the degree of polymerization of neoprene Chloroprene rubber material reaches optimum balance relation between tensile strength and processability, so as to get chloroprene rubber material with Under conditions of excellent tensile strength, the processability prepared required for the coat layer of power cable is also complied with.
4th, preparation method of the present invention is simple, reliable, is adapted to extensive, the industrialization of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material Production.
Embodiment
With reference to test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should not be understood Following embodiment is only limitted to for the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention, it is all that this is belonged to based on the technology that present invention is realized The scope of invention.
Embodiment 1
（1）By a diameter of 0.1 μm of 23 parts, basalt fibre 4 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 12 parts that length is 50 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.5 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.002 part of graphene, polystyrene that 34 parts of the degree of polymerization is 240,43 parts Extruded, obtained with extruder after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 1600,0.2 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed Tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material.
Embodiment 2
（1）By a diameter of 0.5 μm of 15 parts, basalt fibre 3 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 7 parts that length is 180 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.3 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.001 part of graphene, polystyrene that 40 parts of the degree of polymerization is 180,35 parts Extruded, obtained with extruder after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 2000,0.1 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed Tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material.
Embodiment 3
（1）By a diameter of 0.01 μm of 30 parts, basalt fibre 5 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 15 parts that length is 10 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.8 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.003 part of graphene, polystyrene that 25 parts of the degree of polymerization is 300,50 parts Extruded, obtained with extruder after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 1200,0.3 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed Tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material.
Comparative example 1
（1）By a diameter of 0.1 μm of 23 parts, basalt fibre 4 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 12 parts that length is 50 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.5 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）It is 1600 by polystyrene that the basalt fibre after coupling and 34 parts of the degree of polymerization are 240,43 parts of the degree of polymerization Extruded after neoprene, 0.2 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed with extruder, obtain neoprene and be modified electricity Cable material.
Comparative example 2
（1）By 0.5 part a diameter of 0.1 μm of 23 parts, basalt fibre that length is 50 μm of anilinomethyl triethoxysilicane Alkane carries out coupling processing；
（2）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.002 part of graphene, polystyrene that 34 parts of the degree of polymerization is 240,43 parts Extruded, obtained with extruder after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 1600,0.2 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed Neoprene is modified cable material.
Comparative example 3
（1）By a diameter of 0.1 μm of 23 parts, basalt fibre 4 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 12 parts that length is 50 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.5 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.002 part of graphene, polystyrene that 34 parts of the degree of polymerization is 160,43 parts Extruded, obtained with extruder after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 1000,0.2 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed Neoprene is modified cable material.
Comparative example 4
（1）By a diameter of 0.1 μm of 23 parts, basalt fibre 4 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 12 parts that length is 50 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.5 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.002 part of graphene, polystyrene that 34 parts of the degree of polymerization is 320,43 parts Extruded, obtained with extruder after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 2200,0.2 part of isocyanates crosslinking agent are well mixed Neoprene is modified cable material.
Comparative example 5
（1）By a diameter of 0.1 μm of 23 parts, basalt fibre 4 parts of the pyrovinic acid and poly- the third of 12 parts that length is 50 μm Olefin(e) acid is modified after processing and dried；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is subjected to coupling processing with 0.5 part of anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；
（3）By the basalt fibre after coupling and 0.002 part of graphene, polystyrene that 34 parts of the degree of polymerization is 240,43 parts Extruded after neoprene that the degree of polymerization is 1600,0.2 part of GDMA are well mixed with extruder, Obtain neoprene and be modified cable material.
Neoprene in above-described embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-5 is modified cable material, carries out performance detection, record Data are as follows：
Note："+" is more, illustrates that performance is better.
Above-mentioned analysis of experimental data is understood, the tension modified chloroprene rubber of the present invention electricity being prepared in embodiment 1-3 Cable material, tensile strength is good, and processability is good；And in comparative example 1, be not added with graphene, it is impossible to basalt fibre Synergistic, The tensile strength of chloroprene rubber material significantly reduces；Processing is not modified to basalt fibre using modifying agent in comparative example 2, Compatibility poor of the basalt fibre in neoprene, the tensile strength humidification of neoprene is reduced, processability becomes Difference；The degree of polymerization of neoprene is too small in comparative example 3, neoprene poor fluidity after crosslinking, and processability is deteriorated, and is unfavorable in electricity Used in cable；The degree of polymerization of neoprene is big in comparative example 4, although processability improves, tensile strength significantly reduces；It is right It is not directed to the crosslinking agent of Sexual behavior mode in ratio 5 using the present invention, the compatibility reduction of neoprene and basalt fibre, causes chlorine Tensile strength, the processability of buna material reduce.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material, it is characterised in that be prepared including following parts by weight raw material： The basalt fibre, the graphene of 0.001-0.003 parts of 15-30 parts, the modifying agent of 10-20 parts, the polystyrene of 25-40 parts, The neoprene of 35-50 parts, the coupling agent of 0.3-0.8 parts, the crosslinking agent of 0.1-0.3 parts；Described modifying agent is pyrovinic acid With the mixture of polyacrylic acid composition；The described polystyrene degree of polymerization is 180-300；The described neoprene degree of polymerization is 1200-2000；Described coupling agent is anilinomethyl triethoxysilane；Described crosslinking agent is isocyanates crosslinking agent.
2. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described graphene weight Part is 0.002 part.
3. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described basalt fibre A diameter of 0.01-0.5 μm, length is 10-180 μm.
4. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described basalt fibre A diameter of 0.05-0.2 μm, length is 30-80 μm.
5. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first in described modifying agent The ratio between amount of material of base sulfonic acid and polyacrylic acid is 1 ︰ 3.
6. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described polystyrene The degree of polymerization is 220-260.
7. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described polystyrene The degree of polymerization is 240.
8. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the neoprene gathers Right is 1400-1800.
9. tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the neoprene gathers Right is 1600.
10. a kind of preparation method of any one of claim 1-9 tension modified chloroprene rubber cable materials, its feature exist In comprising the following steps：
（1）Basalt fibre is modified with modifying agent and handles and dries；
（2）Basalt fibre Jing Guo modification is handled with coupling agent；
（3）After basalt fibre by coupling processing is well mixed with graphene, polystyrene, neoprene, crosslinking agent Extruded with extruder, obtain tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material.
CN201711044916.7A 2017-10-31 2017-10-31 A kind of tension modified chloroprene rubber cable material and preparation method thereof Withdrawn CN107841012A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Application publication date: 20180327