CN107840666A - Ceramics, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method - Google Patents
Ceramics, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107840666A CN107840666A CN201710861534.7A CN201710861534A CN107840666A CN 107840666 A CN107840666 A CN 107840666A CN 201710861534 A CN201710861534 A CN 201710861534A CN 107840666 A CN107840666 A CN 107840666A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/26—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor
- B28B1/265—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by slip-casting, i.e. by casting a suspension or dispersion of the material in a liquid-absorbent or porous mould, the liquid being allowed to soak into or pass through the walls of the mould; Moulds therefor ; specially for manufacturing articles starting from a ceramic slip; Moulds therefor pressure being applied on the slip in the filled mould or on the moulded article in the mould, e.g. pneumatically, by compressing slip in a closed mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/02—Conditioning the material prior to shaping
- B28B17/026—Conditioning ceramic materials
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- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Abstract
The present invention relates to ceramics, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method；Wherein, ceramic injection forming feeding includes the ceramic powders and binding agent of following mass percent：Ceramic powders 80%~83%, binding agent 17%~20%；Wherein, the binding agent includes water-soluble binder and water-insoluble binding agent, and the mass ratio of the water-soluble binder and the water-insoluble binding agent is (60~75):(23~35).It may be said that research CIM techniques, exactly study binding agent choose, the above-mentioned ceramics of the method for shaping and discharge, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method, have the advantages that cost is low, degreasing time is short, efficiency high, green pollution-free, deformation of products degree are small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ceramic injection forming technology, more particularly to ceramics, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method.
Background technology
Ceramic injection forming (Ceramic Injection Molding, CIM) is a kind of near-net-shape technology, tool
There is product without machining or only need high a small amount of processing, dimensional accuracy, mechanization and automaticity high, it is plastic multiple
The ceramic of miscellaneous shape.With the development of science and technology, ceramic injection forming is in the manufacture of high accuracy and high added value new product
On show incomparable powerful vitality, be current with fastest developing speed, most widely used ceramic part precision manufactureing skill in the world
One of art, in the preparation of the ceramic component in the fields such as the energy, Aero-Space, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, biology, medical treatment
To extensive use.
Ceramic injection forming technique mainly includes four aspects --- dispensing and mixing, injection moulding, degreasing, sintering.Its
In preceding 3 technique be and conclusive effect to be played to the quality of final ceramic specific to ceramic injection forming, especially
It is the binding agent added in dispensing, although it is not the material of formative stage, the ultimate constituent of product can not be determined, it is right
The success or not of moulding process is most important, because it directly affects rheological characteristic, mouldability, skimming processes and the product of powder
Dimensional accuracy etc..Water base degreasing is on the Process ba- sis of extraction degreasing, and what is grown up by improvement is a kind of new de-
Fat method.Binding agent used in the method is divided into two parts：A part is water miscible, and another part is insoluble in water.Its
Degreasing principle is：Base substrate after shaping is put into water, and surface water-soluble binder contacts with water, colloidal sol is formed, when containing for colloidal sol
When water is higher than the equilibrium moisture content of water-soluble binder, water-soluble binder will dissolve.So by sample external-to-internal
Water-soluble binder gradually dissolves.Due to the concentration difference of the internal water-soluble binder with dissolved outside, it will be from base substrate
Diffuse out.Water-insoluble binding agent then remains, and plays a part of keeping blank shape, and base as skeleton binding agent
Passage from outside to inside is formd in body, quick thermal debinding is then carried out and all removes all binding agents.
CIM ceramics degreasing process mainly has at present：Thermal debinding, solvent degreasing and catalysis degreasing.
Solvent degreasing uses organic solvent, such as trichloro ethylene etc., certain difficulty, and organic solvent in industrialization be present
Staff's body is harmful to, and pollutes environment；Catalysis degreasing produces a large amount of formaldehyde gases in skimming processes, pollutes environment；
Hot defatting technology is simple, cheap, is widely used at present on CIM Ceramic manufacturings.But the thermal debinding time is longer, heat
Degreasing time will generally consume tens of hours or more than nearly hundred hours, significantly reduce depending on product size and thickness
Production efficiency, and thermal debinding is extremely difficult for larger ceramic component, its powder injection molding.
The content of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a kind of ceramics, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method, also referred to as ceramic injection
It is molded feeding and preparation method thereof and ceramics and preparation method thereof.
A kind of ceramic injection forming feeding, it includes the ceramic powders of following mass percent and binding agent：Ceramic powders
80%~83%, binding agent 17%~20%；Wherein, the binding agent includes water-soluble binder and water-insoluble bonds
Agent, the mass ratio of the water-soluble binder and the water-insoluble binding agent is (60~75):(23~35).
In one of the embodiments, the binding agent also includes surfactant.
In one of the embodiments, the mass ratio of the water-soluble binder and the surfactant for (60~
75):(3~5).
In one of the embodiments, the surfactant is oleic acid or stearic acid.
In one of the embodiments, the surfactant is oleic acid and stearic acid.
In one of the embodiments, the oleic acid and the stearic mass ratio are (1~5):1.
In one of the embodiments, the water-soluble binder and the water-insoluble binding agent are completely mixed in the liquid state
It is molten.
A kind of preparation method of ceramic injection forming feeding, it comprises the following steps：By ceramics note described in any of the above-described
The ceramic powders for penetrating shaping feeding are preheated to the first temperature range；By ceramic injection forming feeding described in any of the above-described
The binding agent is added in the ceramic powders having been warmed up, and is heated to second temperature scope so that the binding agent melts
And mixed with the ceramic powders；It is granulated.
A kind of ceramic preparation method, it includes the preparation method of ceramic injection forming feeding described in any of the above-described, and
After granulation, in addition to step：Ceramic injection forming is carried out in the 3rd temperature range, obtains base substrate；The base substrate is placed on
Degreasing is carried out in deionized water in 4th temperature range, until sloughing water-soluble binder 75%~80%；After degreasing
The base substrate carries out multi-steps sintering.
A kind of ceramics, it uses preparation method ceramic described in any of the above-described to be prepared.
It may be said that research CIM techniques, exactly study the method that binding agent is chosen, is molded and discharged, above-mentioned ceramics, ceramics note
Shaping feeding and preparation method is penetrated, has that cost is low, degreasing time is short, efficiency high, green pollution-free, deformation of products degree are small
The advantages that.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate the understanding of the purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the present invention
Embodiment be described in detail.Many details are elaborated in the following description in order to fully understand this hair
It is bright.But the invention can be embodied in many other ways as described herein, those skilled in the art can be not
Similar improvement is done in the case of running counter to intension of the present invention, therefore the present invention is not limited by following public specific embodiment.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " or " being arranged at " another element, it can be directly another
On one element or there may also be element placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it can be with
It is directly to another element or may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term as used herein " vertically ", " level
", "left", "right" and similar statement for illustrative purposes only, it is unique embodiment to be not offered as.
Unless otherwise defined, all of technologies and scientific terms used here by the article is with belonging to technical field of the invention
The implication that technical staff is generally understood that is identical.Used term is intended merely to describe specific reality in the description of the invention
Apply the purpose of mode, it is not intended that in the limitation present invention.Term as used herein " and/or " include one or more correlations
The arbitrary and all combination of Listed Items.
It may be said that research CIM techniques, exactly study the method that binding agent is chosen, is molded and discharged, one implementation of the present invention
Example is that a kind of ceramic injection forming feeding, it includes the ceramic powders of following mass percent and binding agent：Ceramic powders 80%
~83%, binding agent 17%~20%；Wherein, the binding agent includes water-soluble binder and water-insoluble binding agent, institute
The mass ratio for stating water-soluble binder and the water-insoluble binding agent is (60~75):(23~35)；For example, the bonding
Agent includes 23~35 parts of 60~75 parts of water-soluble binder and water-insoluble binding agent.In one of the embodiments, it is described
Water-soluble binder and the water-insoluble binding agent complete miscibility in the liquid state.For example, the water-soluble binder with it is described
Water-insoluble binding agent is organic binder bond；For example, the water-soluble binder and the water-insoluble binding agent are in liquid
Lower complete miscibility, form uniform out-phase solution.Various embodiments of the present invention use water base degreasing method, by designing two kinds of bondings
Agent：The water-soluble binder of water is dissolved in as main binder, and, water-insoluble binding agent not soluble in water bonds as auxiliary
Agent, the degreasing time of subsequent processing steps is advantageously reduced, lift degreasing efficiency.
For example, ceramic injection forming feeding includes the ceramic powders and binding agent of following mass percent：Ceramic powders
80%, binding agent 20%；And for example, ceramic injection forming feeding includes the ceramic powders and binding agent of following mass percent：Pottery
Porcelain powder 83%, binding agent 17%；And for example, ceramic injection forming feeding includes the ceramic powders and bonding of following mass percent
Agent：Ceramic powders 82%, binding agent 18%；And for example, ceramic injection forming feeding includes the ceramic powders of following mass percent
With binding agent：Ceramic powders 81%, binding agent 19%；And for example, ceramic injection forming feeding includes the pottery of following mass percent
Porcelain powder and binding agent：Ceramic powders 81.875%, binding agent 19.125%.
For example, water-soluble binder is：Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or polyethylene glycol oxide (PEO), PEO poly
The abbreviation of (ethylene oxide), PEG are poly (ethylene glycol) abbreviations, and both titles are different, but structure
Formula is identical.PEG and PEO is formed by ethylene oxide polymerization, but the method synthesized is different with the molecular weight of product.Typically
PEG refers to polymer of the molecular weight 500~20000, and PEO molecular weight is then 100000~5000000；PEG synthesis is usual
As starting, caustic-soda aqueous solution is catalyst, is synthesized in autoclave for spent glycol or diethylene glycol；And PEO is then epoxy second
Alkane is made by ring-opening polymerisation in a solvent through heterogeneous catalysis such as alkaline earth metal carbonate.It is for example, water-soluble viscous
Knot agent includes 40~50 parts of PEG；And for example, water-soluble binder is 60~75 parts of PEG；For example, water-soluble binder includes PEO
20~25 parts；And for example, water-soluble binder is 60~75 parts of PEO；And for example, water-soluble binder include 40~50 parts of PEG with
And 20~25 parts of PEO.For example, water-soluble binder includes 50 parts of PEG and 25 parts of PEO.And for example, water-soluble binder bag
Include 40 parts of PEG and 20 parts of PEO.And for example, water-soluble binder includes 45 parts of PEG and 25 parts of PEO.One example is,
In water-soluble binder, PEG and PEO mass ratio are (1.8~2.1):1, for example, PEG and PEO mass ratio is 2:1.
For example, insoluble binding agent is：High density polyethylene (HDPE) (HDPE) and/or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)；Example
Such as, insoluble binding agent includes 10~15 parts of HDPE；And for example, insoluble binding agent is 23~35 parts of HDPE；It is for example, insoluble
Binding agent includes 13~20 parts of PMMA；And for example, insoluble binding agent is 23~35 parts of PMMA；And for example, insoluble binding agent bag
Include 10~15 parts of HDPE and 13~20 parts of PMMA.And for example, insoluble binding agent also includes polyvinyl butyral resin 13~20
Part, for example, insoluble binding agent includes 13~20 parts of 10~15 parts of HDPE and polyvinyl butyral resin.And for example, it is insoluble viscous
Knot agent also include 3~5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin, for example, insoluble binding agent including 10~15 parts of HDPE, PMMA 13~
20 parts and 3~5 parts of polyvinyl butyral resin.
In one of the embodiments, the binding agent also includes surfactant.In one of the embodiments, it is described
The mass ratio of water-soluble binder and the surfactant is (60~75):(3~5).For example, the water-soluble binder
Mass ratio with the surfactant is (12~20):1；And for example, the water-soluble binder and the surfactant
Mass ratio be (12~15):1.And for example, the mass ratio of the water-soluble binder and the surfactant is 12:1
Or 15:1 etc..One example is that the surfactant is anion surfactant.In one of the embodiments, institute
It is oleic acid or stearic acid to state surfactant.In one of the embodiments, the surfactant is oleic acid and stearic acid.
In one of embodiment, the oleic acid and the stearic mass ratio are (1~5):1.For example, the oleic acid and described
Stearic mass ratio is 2:1 or 3:1 etc..So, using the water-soluble binder and water-insoluble binding agent of proper proportion
Matching surface activating agent, there is preferably lubrication and cementation, prevent two-phase laminated flow, ensure the ceramic injection forming feeding
Batch mixing it is uniform；And the oleic acid and stearic acid of appropriate mass ratio are engaged, and can be glued in water-soluble binder and water-insoluble
Served as a connection between knot agent and ceramic powder particle, there is more excellent lubricant effect so that the ceramic injection forming feeding
Mixing is more uniformly distributed.
One example is that the binding agent includes the component of following mass percent：PEG 40%~50%, PEO 20%
~25%, HDPE 10%~15%, PMMA 13%~20% and oleic acid 3%~5%.For example, polyethylene glycol is AR
(analytical reagent, AR) level polyethylene glycol；In one of the embodiments, point of the polyethylene glycol
Son amount is 2000~6000, i.e., molecular weight is 2000~6000.Polyethylene glycol is nontoxic, nonirritant, mildly bitter flavor, has well
Water solubility, and have good intermiscibility with many organic matter components.For example, the polyethylene glycol is Macrogol 4000.Poly- second
Glycol molecular weight more high fluidity is poorer, and suitable molecular weight is selected according to the molten condition of feeding.For example, the binding agent
Also include 0.1~0.2 part of vegetable oil；In one of the embodiments, the vegetable oil is peanut oil, olive oil or rapeseed oil.
For example, the vegetable oil is peanut oil, olive oil or the rapeseed oil of food grade.Another example is that the vegetable oil includes matter
Amount ratio is 2:1 peanut oil and olive oil；Appropriate vegetable oil, especially mass ratio are added as 2:1 peanut oil and olive
Olive oil, be advantageous to coordinate oleic acid to accelerate the leading portion thermal debinding process in subsequent step.
For example, the particle diameter of the ceramic powders is -800 mesh, mesh is the size for the screen size for representing standard screen.In Thailand
Strangle in standard screen, so-called mesh is exactly the screen number in 2.54 centimetres of (1 inch) length, referred to as mesh.Mesh number is bigger, represents
Particle is thinner.Before mesh number plus can sign then represent leak through the mesh of the mesh number.Negative number representation can leak through the mesh of the mesh number,
I.e. particle size is less than mesh size；And positive number represents that the mesh of the mesh number can not be leaked through, i.e. particle size is more than mesh size.
Preferably its granularity 100%<- 800 mesh；100%<- 800 mesh, i.e., all ceramic powders can be from the mesh of the screen cloth of 800 mesh
Through.For example, the tap density Dt of the ceramic powders is 1.22~1.24g/cm3, tap density is powder after jolt ramming
Bulk density.The restriction of tap density advantageously reduces the dosage of binding agent and makes the obtained ceramic injection forming feeding
With preferable mobility.For example, the tap density Dt that the particle diameter of the ceramic powders is -800 mesh and the ceramic powders is
1.22~1.24g/cm3.For example, the ceramic powders are zirconium oxide (ZrO2) powder and/or aluminum oxide (Al2O3)；For example, institute
It is zirconium oxide (ZrO to state ceramic powders2) powder；And for example, the ceramic powders are aluminum oxide (Al2O3)；And for example, the ceramic powder
End is zirconium oxide (ZrO2) powder and/or aluminum oxide (Al2O3), both mass ratios are (3~8):1.
For example, the ceramic powders include each component of following mass ratio：82~91 parts of zirconium oxide, 3~6 parts of yittrium oxide with
And 2~4 parts of magnesia；And for example, the ceramic powders also include 1~2 part of aluminum oxide；That is, described ceramic powders include following matter
Measure each component of ratio：2~4 parts of 82~91 parts of zirconium oxide, 3~6 parts of yittrium oxide, 1~2 part of aluminum oxide and magnesia.Or institute
Stating ceramic powders includes each component of following mass ratio：2~4 parts of 82~91 parts of aluminum oxide, 3~6 parts of yittrium oxide and magnesia.
And for example, the ceramic powders include each component of following mass percent：Zirconium oxide 88.0%~91.0%, yittrium oxide 3.0%
~6.0%, aluminum oxide 1.0%~2.0%, and magnesia 2.0%~4.0%.
It is appreciated that according to actual conditions, described " part " can be various quality or have various mass units；Example
Such as, 1 part is a certain quality in 0.0001g to 10000g；For example, 1 part include 0.02 gram, 0.0675 gram, 0.1 gram, 0.1234
Gram, 0.2 gram, 0.5 gram, 1 gram, 1.2 grams, 2 grams, 5 grams, 100 grams, 1000 grams or 10000 grams etc., by that analogy, can be according to reality
Border situation and ratio setting.
For example, a kind of preparation method of ceramic injection forming feeding, it comprises the following steps：By pottery described in any embodiment
The ceramic powders of porcelain injection moulding feeding are preheated to the first temperature range；Ceramic injection forming described in any embodiment is fed
The binding agent of material is added in the ceramic powders having been warmed up, and is heated to second temperature scope so that the binding agent
Melt and mixed with the ceramic powders；It is granulated.For example, be heated to second temperature scope so that the binding agent melt and with institute
Ceramic powders mixing is stated, is to carry out in a sealed meter environment；For example, second temperature scope is heated to so that the binding agent melts simultaneously
Mixed with the ceramic powders, including：Be heated to second temperature scope in a sealed meter environment so that the binding agent melt and with
The ceramic powders mix.
For example, first temperature range is 100 DEG C~130 DEG C, the second temperature scope is 130 DEG C~160 DEG C.Example
Such as, the time of mixing is 60min~120min.For example, the preparation method of the ceramic injection forming feeding comprises the following steps.
Preheating step：The ceramic powders of ceramic injection forming feeding described in any embodiment are preheated to the first temperature
Scope.For example, the preheating step is performed in a sealed meter environment.
Mixing step：The binding agent of ceramic injection forming feeding described in any embodiment is added to what is had been warmed up
In the ceramic powders, second temperature scope is heated to so that the binding agent melts and mixed with the ceramic powders；For example,
The mixing step is performed in a sealed meter environment.
Granulation step：It is granulated, that is, realizes and be granulated.
For example, in preheating step, any embodiment weighed will be prepared described in ceramic powders add in kneading machine and be preheating to
100 DEG C~130 DEG C.
For example, in mixing step, the binding agent of ceramic injection forming feeding described in any embodiment is added to pre-
It is kneaded in the ceramic powders that heat is completed, product are walk shape among the ceramic injection forming feeding in mixing process, and melting temperature is
130 DEG C~160 DEG C, the time is 60min~120min.
For example, in granulation step, it will be kneaded among the ceramic injection forming feeding after terminating and be granulated in product feeding comminutor,
Obtain ceramic injection forming feeding.
For example, a kind of ceramic preparation method, it includes the preparation side of ceramic injection forming feeding described in any embodiment
Method, and after granulation, in addition to step：Ceramic injection forming is carried out in the 3rd temperature range, obtains base substrate；By the base substrate
Degreasing is carried out in the deionized water being placed in the 4th temperature range, until sloughing water-soluble binder 75%~80%；By degreasing
The base substrate afterwards carries out multi-steps sintering.Degreasing is carried out in the sink for example, the base substrate is put, and the tank is equipped with the 4th
Deionized water in temperature range.
For example, the 3rd temperature range is 120 DEG C~150 DEG C；For example, the 4th temperature range is 40 DEG C~55 DEG C；It is for example, de-
The time of fat is 2~4h.For example, multi-steps sintering includes leading portion sintering and back segment sintering, it is de- that leading portion sintering is also referred to as leading portion heat
Fat；Wherein, leading portion sintering, which uses, is warming up at a slow speed the 5th temperature and the holding very first time scope at a temperature of the 5th；Back segment sinters
Second time range is sintered using the 6th temperature.For example, the heating rate to heat up at a slow speed is 2~4 DEG C/min, for example, institute
The 5th temperature is stated as 600 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；And for example, the 5th temperature is 600 DEG C.For example, the very first time scope is 1 hour
± 0.1 hour；And for example, the very first time scope is 1 hour.For example, the 6th temperature is 1450 DEG C ± 50 DEG C；And for example,
6th temperature is 1450 DEG C；For example, second time range is ± 3 hours 28 hours.
For example, the ceramic preparation method comprises the following steps.
Each step of the preparation method of ceramic injection forming feeding described in any embodiment；
Forming step：Ceramic injection forming is carried out according to regular injection moulding process, forming temperature is 120 DEG C~150 DEG C.
Defatting step：Base substrate is placed in de-ionized water tank and carries out degreasing, sloughs water-soluble binder 75%~80%.
Tank temperature is 40 DEG C~55 DEG C, and degreasing time is 2~4h.
Sintering step：Product after degreasing is sent into air sintering furnace and is sintered.
For example, sintering step is divided into two parts：Leading portion thermal debinding and back segment sintering；
Leading portion thermal debinding：All binding agents remaining in product are sloughed, 600 DEG C are warming up to using 2~4 DEG C/min speed
And it is incubated 1h thermal debinding process.
Back segment sinters：1400~1500 DEG C of maximum temperature, 25~30h of sintering time.
And for example, after the base substrate after degreasing being carried out into multi-steps sintering, in addition to step：Carry out at conventional post-processing
Reason, obtains ceramic product.
For example, as shown in figure 1, a kind of ceramic preparation method, comprises the following steps：By ceramic powder described in any embodiment
End is preheated to the first temperature range；Binding agent described in any embodiment is added in the ceramic powders having been warmed up, added
Heat is to second temperature scope so that the binding agent melts and mixed with the ceramic powders；It is granulated；Enter in the 3rd temperature range
Row ceramic injection forming, obtains base substrate；Degreasing is carried out in the deionized water that the base substrate is placed in the 4th temperature range, until
Slough water-soluble binder 75%~80%；The base substrate after degreasing is subjected to multi-steps sintering, you can the ceramics are made.Again
Such as, traditional machining processes be can also carry out so that the ceramics turn into appearance more preferably ceramic product after multi-steps sintering.
For example, after multi-steps sintering either back segment sintering or multi-steps sintering or back segment sinter to obtain ceramics or
After ceramic product, or after multi-steps sintering obtains ceramics or ceramic product and its follow-up traditional machining processes, Huo Zhe
After obtaining ceramics or ceramic product, the ceramic preparation method also includes detecting step.
For example, the detecting step comprises the following steps：The ceramics are placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Described in measurement
Ceramics are in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；For ceramic every one side, a splicing is grown
The one side of the cube one side to be measured with the ceramics is in contact, and makes the ceramic phase for the rectangular position of splicing
In predeterminated position, wherein, the splicing cuboid is spliced by two identical right angle prisms；It is rectangular to measure the splicing
Body is to the reflective projection of the ceramic side in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Until having measured
Into the size of ceramic every one side；Two splicing cuboids are symmetrically placed side by side the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
On, the ceramics are placed in one on a splicing cuboid, measure another described splicing cuboid to the ceramics
Bottom surface reflective projection in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table.In such manner, it is possible to accurately measurement is prepared into
The micro-structural in the ceramic each face arrived, is particularly suitable for that micro-structural is large number of and microstructure size is irregular ceramic complete
Dimensional measurement, measurement process is simplified, reduce the difficulty of Quality Detection, improve measurement efficiency.
For example, the detecting step comprises the following steps.
For example, the ceramics are placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；For example, the ceramics are placed in Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
Detection faces on；For example, the ceramics are placed on the loading end of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；For example, the ceramic maximum chi
It is very little to be less than 10 millimeters, i.e. the size of the maximum one in described ceramic length, thickness or diameter etc. is less than 10 millimeters.Again
Such as, the ceramic full-size is less than 5 millimeters.For example, using automatic clamp assemblies by it is described ceramics clamping be positioned over it is secondary
On first measuring table；For example, the ceramics clamping is positioned over to the detection faces of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table using automatic clamp assemblies
On；For example, automatic clamp assemblies are the robotic arm with clamp structure, so, unmanned automatic measurement is advantageously implemented.
For example, the measurement ceramics are in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；For example, using Quadratic Finite Element
The measuring instrument measurement ceramics are in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；For example, the measurement ceramics are in institute
State on the loading end of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table towards the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table measurement direction size；For example, set in advance
Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument and its Quadratic Finite Element measuring table are put, then, the ceramics are placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Then, adopt
With the Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument measurement ceramics in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table.For example, by the pottery
Porcelain is placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, and described ceramic have contact surface between the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；For example, by described in
Ceramics are placed in the detection faces of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, it is described it is ceramic have with the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table contact
Face；I.e. contact surface is the ceramic one side being in contact with the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table or its detection faces.So, Ke Yijian
The ceramic one side is measured, the ceramic top surface is also can be regarded as or the ceramics detects towards Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument
The one side in direction.
For example, for ceramic every one side, an one side for splicing cuboid and the ceramics is to be measured
One side be in contact, and make the ceramic phase for it is described splicing cuboid be located at predeterminated position, wherein, it is described splice it is rectangular
Body is spliced by two identical right angle prisms；Reflection of the splicing cuboid to the ceramic side is measured to throw
Shadow is in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Until it is measured the size of ceramic every one side；
For example, ceramic every one side is measured respectively, until being measured the size of ceramic every one side；Described in measurement
The one side of ceramics, comprises the following steps：One splicing cuboid is placed in by described ceramic side and makes the splicing
The one side of cuboid is in contact with the ceramics, and the ceramic phase is located at predeterminated position for the splicing cuboid,
The splicing cuboid is measured to the reflective projection of the ceramic side in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
Size.So, it can conveniently and accurately measure to obtain the feature dimensions of the ceramic one side, include the side
The size of each micro-structural, being particularly suitable for same side has the ceramic measurement of micro-structural of multinomial needs control.One example
Son is that the one side of the splicing cuboid one side to be measured with the ceramics is in contact, including：One splicing is grown
Cube is placed in by ceramics one side to be measured and makes the one side of the splicing cuboid and the ceramics to be measured
One side is in contact；Or the ceramics are placed in by the one side of a splicing cuboid and make the ceramics to be measured
One side is in contact with the one side of the splicing cuboid.It is appreciated that the bottom surface of splicing cuboid is right angle prism
Bottom surface；The side for splicing cuboid is right angle prism in the side where the waist of wherein right angled triangle, right-angle prismatic
Mosaic face of the mirror in the side where the hypotenuse of wherein right angled triangle for the splicing cuboid.
In one of the embodiments, in advance by two identical right angle prisms be spliced into one it is described splicing it is rectangular
Body.For example, before the ceramics are placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, the detecting step is further comprising the steps of：In advance will
Two identical right angle prisms are spliced into a splicing cuboid.And for example, the ceramics are placed in into Quadratic Finite Element measurement to put down
Before on platform, the detecting step is further comprising the steps of：In advance by four identical right angle prisms be spliced into two it is identical
The splicing cuboid.In one of the embodiments, the right angle prism is isosceles right angle prism, wherein, isosceles
Right angle prism is total reflection prism.In this manner it is achieved that effect is totally reflected accordingly.
In one of the embodiments, the described ceramic and contact surface of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table is the ceramic axle
The one side that the axis of line and Quadratic Finite Element measuring table coincides.In one of the embodiments, the midpoint of the predeterminated position is
The point midway of the rib of any right angle prism.Wherein, the plane of refraction of prism and reflecting surface are referred to as working face, two working faces
Intersection be referred to as rib, the section of vertical rib is referred to as main cross section.In one of the embodiments, the midpoint of the predeterminated position is two
The point midway of the rib of the contact surface of the right angle prism.So, by the ceramics relative to the splicing cuboid
Centre position is in contact with the splicing cuboid so that the ceramic phase is for the reflection direction for splicing cuboid and instead
Penetrate what position was contemplated to, so as to be advantageous to lift measurement efficiency.One example, which is that the splicing cuboid slides, to be set
In on the slide rail of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, and it is controlled automatically move, now, Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument, only need to be by program without mobile
The position of the splicing cuboid on adjust automatically Quadratic Finite Element measuring table and the ceramics, in this manner it is achieved that from
It is dynamic measure the ceramic one side or even ceramic every one side, the significant increase measurement efficiency of bulk article,
Effect with unrivaled quick measurement, quick shipment.
For example, the ceramics are placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, including：The ceramics are placed in Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
Pallet on；And for example, the ceramics are placed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, are specially：The ceramics are placed in Quadratic Finite Element measurement
On the pallet of platform；It is arranged at for example, the pallet rotates on the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, an example is the pallet
Controlled rotation is arranged on the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；One example is that the ceramics are placed in into Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
On pallet, including：The ceramics are placed on the pallet of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table and the ceramic at least one side protrudes from institute
Pallet is stated, so that the ceramic one side to be measured can be in contact with the splicing cuboid.One example is, by institute
Ceramics are stated to be placed on the pallet of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, including：The ceramics are fixed on the pallet of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
And the ceramic at least one side protrudes from the pallet；For example, the ceramic magnetic is fixed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
On pallet, or, the ceramic buckle is fixed on the pallet of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Another example is, by the pottery
Porcelain is clamped and fastened on the pallet of Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；So, the ceramics are measured in the inspection of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table
, can be conveniently by rotating the pallet or the control pallet after size on survey face, adjustment is described ceramic every
One side is in contact with the splicing cuboid.Such design, be advantageously implemented automatic measurement, especially technological improvement it
The all automatic measurement effect without manual intervention can be reached afterwards.Another example is that the splicing cuboid is fixedly installed on
On Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, and the controlled automatic rotation of the pallet, now, Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument, only need to be by program without mobile
The position of the pallet on adjust automatically Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, in this manner it is achieved that ceramic described in automatic measurement
One side or even ceramic every one side, the significant increase measurement efficiency of bulk article, have unrivaled fast
Speed measurement, the effect of quick shipment.
For example, two splicing cuboids are symmetrically placed side by side on the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, by the ceramics
It is placed in one on a splicing cuboid, measures another reflection of splicing cuboid to the ceramic bottom surface and throw
Shadow is in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table.So, total reflection effect is passed through, it is possible to achieve for the pottery
The measurement of the bottom surface of porcelain.In one of the embodiments, when measuring the ceramic bottom surface, two rectangular body phases of splicing
It is symmetrical arranged for both contact surfaces.In one of the embodiments, the base of the contact surface of two splicing cuboids
For the rib of four right angle prisms.In this manner it is achieved that effect is totally reflected accordingly.And for example, the ceramic bottom surface is being measured
When, also provide low-lights illumination from the sides of two splicing cuboids respectively, the light emission direction of low-light illumination perpendicular to
The side of the splicing cuboid, to be realized and two on the Mosaic face of two right angle prisms inside the splicing cuboid
The opposite total reflection of the detection faces of dimension measuring table, so as to while floor light is provided, avoid for Quadratic Finite Element measurement
Instrument measures the ceramic bottom surface and interfered.
One example is that the ceramics have bottom surface, so as to be positioned on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Another example
It is that fixed structure is provided with Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, the fixed structure is used to the ceramics being fixed on Quadratic Finite Element measurement
On platform；For example, the ceramics are fixed on Quadratic Finite Element measuring table by the fixed structure by the ceramic bottom.Example
Such as, the ceramics are for hexahedron or with being similar to hexahedron structure；For example, the ceramics generally have six irregularly
Face, each irregular face are the combination of multiple planes and/or curved surface.In one of the embodiments, the ceramics have six sides
Face.
Another embodiment, the detecting step include following steps.Place step：The ceramics are placed in Quadratic Finite Element
On measuring table；Top surface measuring process：The ceramics are measured in the size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Side
Measuring process：For ceramic every one side, by the one side of a splicing cuboid it is to be measured with the ceramics one
Side is in contact, and make the ceramic phase for it is described splicing cuboid be located at predeterminated position, wherein, it is described splice cuboid by
Two identical right angle prisms are spliced；Measure the splicing cuboid to the reflective projection of the ceramic side in
Size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table；Until it is measured the size of ceramic every one side；Bottom surface
Measuring process：Two splicing cuboids are symmetrically placed side by side on the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, the ceramics are placed in
On one of them described splicing cuboid, measure another described splicing cuboid to the reflective projection of the ceramic bottom surface in
Size in the detection faces of the Quadratic Finite Element measuring table.
One example is, in the measuring process of side, either when measuring the ceramic side or for the ceramics
Every one side when measuring, Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument and splicing cuboid remain stationary as, and pass through movement
Or the rotation ceramics are so that ceramics one side to be measured is in contact with the one side for splicing cuboid, so,
Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument and position or the measurement parameter of splicing cuboid need not be adjusted, so as to realize
Fast and efficiently Quadratic Finite Element measures；And for example, Quadratic Finite Element measuring table, Quadratic Finite Element measuring instrument and splicing cuboid remain stationary as, and lead to
Cross and automatically move or rotate the ceramics so that ceramics one side to be measured and the one side phase for splicing cuboid
Contact, so as to realize effect of the ceramics per one side described in automatic measurement.
In such manner, it is possible to the micro-structural in each face of ceramics is accurately measured, can be for micro- knot for being controlled with multinomial needs
The ceramics of the various labyrinths of structure realize full-scale measurement, simplify measurement process, reduce the difficulty of Quality Detection, lifting
Measurement efficiency, also reduce while product export detection process is lifted the defect rate for the product that dispatches from the factory.
For example, a kind of ceramics, it uses preparation method ceramic described in any embodiment to be prepared.It is catalyzed compared to CIM
Degreasing Raw material processing, can the pernicious gas such as product formaldehyde, the present invention uses water base degreasing mode, optimize binding agent choose, into
Type and discharge mode, have the characteristics of green pollution-free, and cost is cheap.Compared to traditional de- technique of CIM heat, the de- work of heat
Skill degreasing time is slow, and evenly heat is de- to need 40h or so, and degreasing time can control at 8 hours various embodiments of the present invention altogether
Within, significant increase production efficiency, the worker of an order of classes or grades at school can smoothly complete.And the base substrate after degreasing of the present invention is without splitting
Stitch, be unlikely to deform, good processing conditions is created for subsequent technique.
Provide some specific embodiments again below.
Case one：
Ceramic injection forming feeding 20kg (100%), include the ceramic powders and binding agent of following quality：Ceramic powders
16kg (80%), binding agent 4kg (20%).
The binding agent 4kg (100%) includes the component of following quality：
Case two：
Ceramic injection forming feeding 20kg (100%), include the ceramic powders and binding agent of following quality：Ceramic powders
16.6kg (83%), binding agent 3.4kg (17%).
The binding agent 3.4kg (100%) includes the component of following quality：
Case three：
Ceramic injection forming feeding 20kg (100%), include the ceramic powders and binding agent of following quality：Ceramic powders
16kg (80%), binding agent 4kg (20%).
The binding agent 4kg (100%) includes the component of following quality：
Case four：
Ceramic injection forming feeding 20kg (100%), include the ceramic powders and binding agent of following quality：Ceramic powders
16.4kg (82%), binding agent 3.6kg (18%).
The binding agent 3.4kg (100%) includes the component of following quality：
Above case one to four is handled according to following processing technology：
(1) preheating step：The ceramic powders that preparation is weighed add in kneading machine and are preheating to 120 DEG C.
(2) mixing step：By binding agent be added to preheating complete ceramic powders in be kneaded, during material be walk shape,
Melting temperature is 150 DEG C, time 70min.
(3) granulation step：The material being kneaded after terminating is sent into comminutor and is granulated.
Ceramic injection forming feeding derived above.
Then ceramic processing technology is carried out again：
(1) forming step：Ceramic injection forming is carried out according to regular injection moulding process, forming temperature is 120 DEG C~150
℃
(2) defatting step：Base substrate is placed in de-ionized water tank and carries out degreasing, water temperature is 45 DEG C, degreasing time 3h.
(3) sintering step：Product after degreasing is sent into air sintering furnace and is sintered.
Sintering step order performs following two.
Leading portion thermal debinding step：600 DEG C are warming up to by 3 DEG C/min speed and are incubated 1h.
Back segment sintering step：It is warming up to 1450 DEG C of maximum temperature, sintering time 26h.
After sintering step, ceramic product is obtained after carrying out conventional post-processing processing.
The various embodiments described above, degreasing time is short compared with traditional handicraft, and cost is relatively low, and production efficiency is higher, deformation of products degree compared with
It is small, the defects of easily controllable ceramic component, it can be ensured that produce the preferable ceramic product of uniformity.
It should be noted that other embodiments of the invention also include, the mutually group of the technical characteristic in the various embodiments described above
Close ceramics, ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method formed, can implementing.Above-mentioned ceramic injection forming feeding and its
Preparation method, and use the ceramics of above-mentioned ceramic injection forming feeding and preparation method thereof, compared to traditional degreasing process, have
The advantages that cost is low, degreasing time is short, efficiency high, green pollution-free, small deformation of products degree.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can be combined arbitrarily, to make description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality
Apply all possible combination of each technical characteristic in example to be all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited
In contradiction, the scope that this specification is recorded all is considered to be.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Can not therefore it be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that come for one of ordinary skill in the art
Say, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the protection of the present invention
Scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ceramic injection forming feeding, it is characterised in that ceramic powders and binding agent including following mass percent：Pottery
Porcelain powder 80%~83%, binding agent 17%~20%；
Wherein, the binding agent includes water-soluble binder and water-insoluble binding agent, the water-soluble binder with it is described
The mass ratio of water-insoluble binding agent is (60~75):(23~35).
2. ceramic injection forming feeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the binding agent also includes surface-active
Agent.
3. ceramic injection forming feeding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the water-soluble binder and the surface
The mass ratio of activating agent is (60~75):(3~5).
4. ceramic injection forming feeding according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the surfactant is oleic acid or tristearin
Acid.
5. ceramic injection forming feeding according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the surfactant is oleic acid and tristearin
Acid.
6. ceramic injection forming feeding according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the oleic acid and the stearic quality
Ratio is (1~5):1.
7. ceramic injection forming feeding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the water-soluble binder and the water are not
Soluble binder complete miscibility in the liquid state.
8. a kind of preparation method of ceramic injection forming feeding, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The ceramic powders of ceramic injection forming feeding as any one of claim 1 to 7 are preheated to the first temperature
Scope；
The binding agent of ceramic injection forming feeding as any one of claim 1 to 7 is added to having been warmed up
In the ceramic powders, second temperature scope is heated to so that the binding agent melts and mixed with the ceramic powders；
It is granulated.
9. a kind of ceramic preparation method, it is characterised in that include the preparation of ceramic injection forming feeding as claimed in claim 8
Method, and after granulation, in addition to step：
Ceramic injection forming is carried out in the 3rd temperature range, obtains base substrate；
Degreasing is carried out in the deionized water that the base substrate is placed in the 4th temperature range, until sloughing water-soluble binder 75%
~80%；
The base substrate after degreasing is subjected to multi-steps sintering.
10. a kind of ceramics, it is characterised in that be prepared using the preparation method of ceramics as claimed in claim 9.
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| CN109047749A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-21 | 东莞华晶粉末冶金有限公司 | The preparation method of environment-friendly type cemented carbide powder feeding and hard alloy components |
| CN109047750A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-12-21 | 东莞华晶粉末冶金有限公司 | The preparation method of 310 powder of stainless steel feeding of environment-friendly type and 310 powder of stainless steel components |
| CN109626995A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-16 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | A kind of ceramic injection feeding and ceramic member processing method |
| CN111233488A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-05 | 长裕控股集团有限公司 | Surface-modified zirconium oxide injection molding solvent degreasing feed and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111668579A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-15 | 惠州威博精密科技有限公司 | Semi-finished product of 5G communication filter dielectric ceramic part and forming method thereof |
| CN112723883A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 长裕控股集团有限公司 | Zirconia ceramic injection molding hydrosolvent degreasing feed and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111233488A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-05 | 长裕控股集团有限公司 | Surface-modified zirconium oxide injection molding solvent degreasing feed and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111233488B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2023-12-08 | 长裕控股集团股份有限公司 | Surface modified zirconia injection molding solvent degreasing feed and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111668579A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-09-15 | 惠州威博精密科技有限公司 | Semi-finished product of 5G communication filter dielectric ceramic part and forming method thereof |
| CN111668579B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-09-07 | 惠州威博精密科技有限公司 | Semi-finished product of 5G communication filter dielectric ceramic part and forming method thereof |
| CN112723883A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 长裕控股集团有限公司 | Zirconia ceramic injection molding hydrosolvent degreasing feed and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115894046A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-04 | 福建华清电子材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing aluminum nitride ceramic by injection molding |
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