CN107817184B - A wear test device for cam-tappet friction pair - Google Patents
A wear test device for cam-tappet friction pair Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种凸轮‑挺柱摩擦副的磨损测试装置，包括机座、电机、凸轮轴、凸轮下端架、支撑杆以及凸轮顶推机构，凸轮下端架通过支撑杆固定于机座上，电机与凸轮轴连接，凸轮轴上具有进气凸轮和排气凸轮，凸轮轴安装于凸轮下端架上，凸轮顶推机构包括进气轮顶推机构和排气轮顶推机构，进气轮顶推机构和排气轮顶推机构均包括挺柱、推杆、上弹簧座、加载弹簧、下弹簧座以及加载力调整机构，挺柱滑动穿接于凸轮下端架上。本发明解决了发动机整机台架试验和实际发动机综合考察周期冗长以及复杂的问题，能实现在短试验周期内完成凸轮‑挺柱摩擦副的磨损特性评估，给实际生产提供可靠依据。
The invention discloses a wear testing device for a cam-tapper friction pair, comprising a machine base, a motor, a cam shaft, a cam lower end frame, a support rod and a cam pushing mechanism. The cam lower end frame is fixed on the machine base through the support rod, The motor is connected with the camshaft. The camshaft has an intake cam and an exhaust cam. The camshaft is installed on the lower end frame of the cam. The cam push mechanism includes an intake wheel push mechanism and an exhaust wheel push mechanism. Both the push mechanism and the exhaust wheel push mechanism include a tappet, a push rod, an upper spring seat, a loading spring, a lower spring seat and a loading force adjustment mechanism, and the tappet is slidably connected to the lower end frame of the cam. The invention solves the long and complicated problems of the engine bench test and the actual engine comprehensive inspection period, can realize the evaluation of the wear characteristics of the cam-tappost friction pair in a short test period, and provide a reliable basis for actual production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wear testing of cam-tappet friction pairs, in particular to a wear testing device of a cam-tappet friction pair.
Background
The cam and the tappet matching pair are key parts in the valve actuating mechanism, and the cam controls the motion rule of the tappet in the rotation motion around the cam shaft, so that the motion is transmitted to the valve, the valve is opened and closed according to the designed rule, and the breathing of the engine is guaranteed. With the continuous development of the diesel engine to high speed and high power, the spring force of the valve train and the relative sliding speed between the contact surfaces of the cam tappets are continuously increased, and the working condition of the contact pair of the cam tappets is further worsened. The contact stress between the cam and the tappet is the most serious among various parts of the valve train, and the magnitude of the contact stress is a key factor influencing the abrasion degree of a contact pair. The problem of wear failure of cam lifter contact pairs has become an important research topic for increasing engine reliability.
However, the experimental effect of the cam-tappet friction pair wear test performed at home and abroad is not ideal, and the working load of the cam and the tappet, the type of the spring, the rotating speed of the engine, the quality and the pressure of the lubricating oil cannot be randomly adjusted, so that the working condition of the cam-tappet friction pair in various severe working environments cannot be researched. The wear test of the cam-tappet friction pair usually implements a complete machine durability test, which not only has long period and low efficiency, but also needs a large amount of manpower and material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to: provides a wear testing device for a cam-tappet friction pair.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a wear testing device for a cam-tappet friction pair comprises a machine base, a motor, a cam shaft, a cam lower end frame, a supporting rod and a cam pushing mechanism, wherein the cam lower end frame is fixed on the machine base through the supporting rod, the motor is connected with the cam shaft, an air inlet cam and an exhaust cam are arranged on the cam shaft, the cam shaft is installed on the cam lower end frame, the cam pushing mechanism comprises an air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and an exhaust wheel pushing mechanism, the air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism respectively comprise a tappet, a push rod, an upper spring seat, a loading spring, a lower spring seat and a loading force adjusting mechanism, the tappet is slidably connected on the cam lower end frame in a penetrating mode, the two tappets respectively correspond to the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam, the upper portion of the push rod is connected with the tappet, the upper spring seat is fixed on the push rod, the lower spring seat is arranged on the loading force adjusting mechanism, and, the loading force adjusting mechanism comprises a crank mounting frame, a crank, a connecting rod, a force application sliding block, a force application pressing block and a stepping motor for driving the crank, the crank is hinged to the crank mounting frame, the force application sliding block is connected with the crank through the connecting rod, the top surface of the force application sliding block is a loading inclined plane, the bottom surface of the force application pressing block is a matching inclined plane matched with the loading inclined plane, and a lower spring seat is arranged at the top of the force application pressing block.
Preferably, the air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism both comprise two push rod locking plates, the push rod locking plates are C-shaped, openings of the two push rod locking plates are oppositely arranged to form an annular locking plate, an arc connecting ring surface is protruded on the inner side surface of the annular locking plate, the cross section of the outer side surface of the annular locking plate is a spring seat connecting inclined surface with the diameter gradually reduced from top to bottom, a connecting ring groove matched with the arc connecting ring surface is arranged at the connecting part of the push rod and the upper spring seat, a matching through hole for the push rod to pass through is axially arranged at the center of the upper spring seat, the wall surface at the upper part of the matching through hole is a locking plate connecting inclined surface with the spring seat connecting inclined surface, and the arc connecting ring surface is connected into the connecting ring groove, and the locking plate connecting inclined surface of the upper spring seat is contacted with the spring seat connecting inclined surface of the annular locking plate under the pushing action of the loading spring.
Preferably, the camshaft further comprises a speed measuring gear and a speed measuring sensor for detecting the speed of the speed measuring gear, and the speed measuring gear is mounted on the camshaft.
Preferably, the device is further provided with an oil pump, an oil pipe and two spray heads, wherein the oil pump is connected with the oil pipe, the two spray heads are respectively connected to the oil pipe, and the two spray heads are respectively arranged corresponding to the air inlet cam and the air exhaust cam.
Preferably, the exhaust valve device further comprises two through tappet barrels, barrel mounting holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam, of the lower end frame of the cam respectively, the two tappet barrels are mounted in the barrel mounting holes respectively, and the tappets of the air inlet wheel jacking mechanism and the exhaust wheel jacking mechanism are matched with the tappet barrels respectively.
Preferably, the bottom of the stressing slide block of the air inlet wheel jacking mechanism and/or the exhaust wheel jacking mechanism is provided with a slide block roller, and the machine base is provided with a machine base platform for the slide block roller to slide at the position corresponding to the two stressing slide blocks;
force sensors are arranged at the tops of the boosting pressing blocks of the air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism, and the lower spring seat is arranged at the top of the force sensor.
Preferably, the positions where the two tappets respectively contact the intake cam and the exhaust cam are flat surfaces integral with the tappets.
Preferably, the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism is provided with a roller and a rolling shaft, a wheel groove is formed in a position, corresponding to the intake cam and/or the exhaust cam, of a tappet of the intake wheel pushing mechanism and/or the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism, the roller is installed in the wheel groove through the rolling shaft, and an outer wheel surface of the roller protrudes out of the wheel groove and is in contact with the intake cam and/or the exhaust cam under the pushing of the loading spring.
Preferably, still include cam upper end frame, two end covers and two deep groove ball bearings, cam upper end frame is installed on cam lower end frame, form the test chamber between cam upper end frame and the cam lower end frame, intake cam and exhaust cam all set up in the test chamber, cam shaft pilot hole has been seted up relatively to cam upper end frame and cam lower end frame junction, two deep groove ball bearings are installed respectively in two cam shaft pilot hole inboards, two end covers are installed respectively in the two cam shaft pilot hole outsides through the bolt, the axle connecting hole that supplies the camshaft to pass is seted up to the end cover central part, be provided with the sealing washer in the axle connecting hole, stretch out outside the test chamber after the camshaft both ends pass two deep groove ball bearings and two sealing washers respectively.
Preferably, a coupling is further arranged, and the motor is connected with one end of the cam shaft through the coupling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the method solves the problems of long and complex comprehensive investigation periods of the whole engine bench test and the actual engine, can realize the completion of the wear characteristic evaluation of the cam-tappet friction pair in a short test period, and provides a reliable basis for actual production.
2. The invention is provided with a loading force adjusting mechanism, and is driven by a stepping motor to extrude a loading spring or replace springs with different rigidity, so that the working load of a camshaft and a tappet is changed, the abrasion test of a cam-tappet friction pair under different loads is realized, and the reference is provided for the actual working condition.
3. The invention can test the abrasion condition of the cam-tappet friction pair under different working conditions by changing the rotating speed of the engine, using different tappets (flat-bottom tappets or roller tappets), changing the lubricating oil pressure, using lubricating oil with different qualities and the like to influence the test parameters of the test result, and realize the test and the comparison under various different states.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the push rod, upper spring seat, loading spring and push rod locking tab connection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the relative positioning of the openings of the two pusher plate clips;
fig. 4 is a partial schematic view of the present invention.
The device comprises a base, a machine base, a motor, a camshaft, a lower end frame of the cam, a support rod, a gas inlet cam, a gas outlet cam, a tappet, a 9, a push rod, a 10, an upper spring seat, a 11, a loading spring, a 12, a lower spring seat, a 13, a crank mounting frame, a 14, a crank, a 15, a connecting rod, a 16, a boosting slide block, a 17, a boosting press block, a 18, a loading inclined plane, a 19, a push rod locking plate, a 20, an arc connecting ring surface, a 21, a spring seat connecting inclined plane, a 22, a locking plate connecting inclined plane, a 23, a speed measuring gear, a 24, a speed measuring sensor, a 25, an oil pump, a 26, an oil pipe, a 27, a spray head, a 28, a tappet, a 29, a slide block roller, a 30, a machine base platform, a 31, a force sensor, a 32, a roller, a 33, an upper end frame of.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a wear testing device for a cam-tappet friction pair comprises a machine base, a motor, a cam shaft, a cam lower end frame, a supporting rod and a cam pushing mechanism, wherein the cam lower end frame is fixed on the machine base through the supporting rod, the motor is connected with the cam shaft, an air inlet cam and an air outlet cam (the air inlet cam and the air outlet cam are simply referred to as cams) are arranged on the cam shaft, the cam shaft is arranged on the cam lower end frame, the cam pushing mechanism comprises an air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and an air outlet wheel pushing mechanism, the air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and the air outlet wheel pushing mechanism respectively comprise a tappet, a push rod, an upper spring seat, a loading spring, a lower spring seat and a loading force adjusting mechanism, the tappet is connected on the cam lower end frame in a sliding way, the two tappets respectively correspond to the air inlet cam and the air outlet cam, the upper portion of the push rod is connected with the tappet, the, the loading force adjusting mechanism comprises a crank mounting frame, a crank, a connecting rod, a stress application sliding block, a stress application pressing block and a stepping motor used for driving the crank, the crank is hinged to the crank mounting frame, the stress application sliding block is connected with the crank through the connecting rod, the top surface of the stress application sliding block is a loading inclined plane, the bottom surface of the stress application pressing block is a matching inclined plane matched with the loading inclined plane, and the lower spring seat is arranged at the top of the stress application pressing block.
Preferably, the air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism both comprise two push rod locking plates, the push rod locking plates are C-shaped, openings of the two push rod locking plates are oppositely arranged to form an annular locking plate, an arc connecting ring surface is protruded on the inner side surface of the annular locking plate, the cross section of the outer side surface of the annular locking plate is a spring seat connecting inclined surface with the diameter gradually reduced from top to bottom, a connecting ring groove matched with the arc connecting ring surface is arranged at the connecting part of the push rod and the upper spring seat, a matching through hole for the push rod to pass through is axially arranged at the center of the upper spring seat, the wall surface at the upper part of the matching through hole is a locking plate connecting inclined surface with the spring seat connecting inclined surface, and the arc connecting ring surface is connected into the connecting ring groove, and the locking plate connecting inclined surface of the upper spring seat is contacted with the spring seat connecting inclined surface of the annular locking plate under the pushing action of the loading spring.
Preferably, the camshaft further comprises a speed measuring gear and a speed measuring sensor for detecting the speed of the speed measuring gear, and the speed measuring gear is mounted on the camshaft. The speed sensor can measure the rotating speed and the number of rotating circles of the cam shaft.
Preferably, the device is further provided with an oil pump, an oil pipe and two spray heads, wherein the oil pump is connected with the oil pipe, the two spray heads are respectively connected to the oil pipe, and the two spray heads are respectively arranged corresponding to the air inlet cam and the air exhaust cam.
Preferably, the exhaust valve device further comprises two through tappet barrels, barrel mounting holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam, of the lower end frame of the cam respectively, the two tappet barrels are mounted in the barrel mounting holes respectively, and the tappets of the air inlet wheel jacking mechanism and the exhaust wheel jacking mechanism are matched with the tappet barrels respectively. The tappet barrel is in clearance fit with the tappet, the arrangement of the tappet barrel can prevent the lower end frame of the cam from being abraded, and meanwhile, the tappet barrel is convenient to detach and replace.
Preferably, the bottom of the stressing slide block of the air inlet wheel jacking mechanism and/or the exhaust wheel jacking mechanism is provided with a slide block roller, and the machine base is provided with a machine base platform for the slide block roller to slide at the position corresponding to the two stressing slide blocks;
force sensors are arranged at the tops of the boosting pressing blocks of the air inlet wheel pushing mechanism and the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism, and the lower spring seat is arranged at the top of the force sensor.
Preferably, the position where the two tappets respectively contact the intake cam and the exhaust cam is a flat surface integral with the tappet (this type of tappet is simply referred to as a flat bottom tappet).
Preferably, the lifter is further provided with a roller and a rolling shaft, a wheel groove is formed in a position, corresponding to the intake cam and/or the exhaust cam, of the tappet of the intake wheel pushing mechanism and/or the exhaust wheel pushing mechanism, the roller is installed in the wheel groove through the rolling shaft, and an outer wheel surface of the roller protrudes out of the wheel groove and is pushed by a loading spring to be in contact with the intake cam and/or the exhaust cam (the tappet in this form is referred to as a roller lifter).
The axis of camshaft is perpendicular with the tappet axis, and intake cam and exhaust cam are respectively with the tappet contact that corresponds, and the two rotational speed is the same with the circle number that rotates during the experiment, and the two peach of intake cam and exhaust cam sharply becomes certain angle, can process according to actual conditions, through setting up different cams, can once experiment accomplish to explore into the difference of exhaust cam and tappet frictional wear characteristic and exhaust cam and tappet frictional wear characteristic.
Preferably, still include cam upper end frame, two end covers and two deep groove ball bearings, cam upper end frame is installed on cam lower end frame, form the test chamber between cam upper end frame and the cam lower end frame, intake cam and exhaust cam all set up in the test chamber, cam shaft pilot hole has been seted up relatively to cam upper end frame and cam lower end frame junction, two deep groove ball bearings are installed respectively in two cam shaft pilot hole inboards, two end covers are installed respectively in the two cam shaft pilot hole outsides through the bolt, the axle connecting hole that supplies the camshaft to pass is seted up to the end cover central part, be provided with the sealing washer in the axle connecting hole, stretch out outside the test chamber after the camshaft both ends pass two deep groove ball bearings and two sealing washers respectively. The arrangement of the end cover and the sealing ring can prevent external dust from entering the test cavity and prevent lubricating oil from overflowing.
Preferably, a coupling is further arranged, and the motor is connected with one end of the cam shaft through the coupling.
The working process and the working principle of the invention are as follows: method for controlling loading force: firstly, the direction of a cam shaft needs to be adjusted, a coupler can be slightly rotated to enable peach tops of an air inlet cam and an air outlet cam to be vertically downward, then the loading force is adjusted, a stepping motor is started to drive a crank and a connecting rod, and further drive a stressing slide block to move left and right, so that an upper spring seat is pushed to achieve the effect of compressing a loading spring, the contact pressure between the air inlet cam and the air outlet cam and corresponding tappets can be adjusted at will by controlling the compression amount of the loading spring, and the acting force required by an experiment can be achieved through the reading of a force sensor;
the method for replacing the loading springs with different stiffness and the tappets with different types comprises the following steps: the boosting slide block is pulled out, then the boosting press block, the force sensor, the lower spring seat and other parts can be taken out together, the loading springs with different rigidity can be replaced, and when the tappet is replaced, the push rod and other parts can be replaced only by taking out the push rod and other parts;
the method for replacing the camshaft comprises the following steps: and the bolts on the two end covers are unscrewed to respectively take out the two end covers, so that the camshaft can be drawn out from the camshaft assembling hole for replacement.
The lubricating oil pressure can be automatically adjusted or different types of lubricating oil can be replaced by the oil pump, and the amount of the lubricating oil sprayed by the spray head is changed, so that the effect of changing the amount of the lubricating oil of the cam-tappet friction pair is achieved.
When the influence of the loading force on the abrasion loss is tested, the same motor rotating speed, the same tappet (flat-bottom tappet or roller tappet), the loading spring with the same rigidity, the lubricating oil with the same quality and the pressure of the lubricating oil are selected and adjusted to be the same, and the stroke of the stepping motor is adjusted to enable the stressing press block to compress the loading spring so as to enable the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam to have the required contact pressure with the corresponding tappet;
starting to test: after the contact pressure is adjusted to be set, a motor is started to drive a cam shaft to rotate, when the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam peach tops move downwards, the corresponding tappet is pushed to move downwards, a loading spring is compressed, when the tappet descends to the lowest point, the compression amount of the loading spring reaches the maximum, when the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam peach tops move upwards, the loading spring resets, the tappet is pushed to move upwards and keeps certain contact pressure with the corresponding air inlet cam and the corresponding exhaust cam, the steps are repeated, the tappet moves in a reciprocating mode, the friction and abrasion of a cam-tappet friction pair are carried out at the moment, and the experiment is stopped after the experiment lasts until the set time;
carrying out a comparison experiment, replacing two new tappets, changing the contact pressure between the air inlet cam and the exhaust cam and the corresponding tappets through a force application device, and then repeating the reciprocating movement process of the tappets to test until the set time;
comparing the abrasion conditions of the tappet for several times before and after so as to obtain the influence of the loading force on the abrasion loss and the abrasion mechanism of the cam-tappet friction pair;
in addition to testing the influence of the loading force on the abrasion loss, the invention can also test a plurality of experimental parameters influencing the test result, including the motor rotating speed, the tappet type (flat-bottom tappet or roller tappet), the loading spring stiffness, the lubricating oil quality and the lubricating oil pressure. When the influence of one experimental parameter on the abrasion loss is tested, the influence of the tappet on the abrasion loss and the abrasion mechanism of the cam-tappet friction pair can be obtained by only ensuring that other parameters are the same and changing the data of the researched parameter according to the process and enabling the tappet to move back and forth.
When the experiment is carried out, the circular arc connecting ring surface of the annular locking plate formed by the push rod connecting ring groove and the two push rod locking plates is matched, the locking plate connecting inclined surface of the upper spring seat is matched with the spring seat connecting inclined surface of the annular locking plate, so that the push rod, the annular locking plate and the upper spring seat can not move relatively in the experiment process, the upper spring seat can be driven to move downwards by the motion of the push rod so as to compress the loading spring, when the loading spring recovers to deform, the push rod can be driven to move upwards by the motion of the upper spring seat, the loading spring with different rigidity can be replaced, and the abrasion condition of a cam-tappet friction pair when the loading spring with different rigidity is used is explored.
The crank and the connecting rod are driven by the stepping motor to enable the stressing sliding block to move left and right, so that the stressing pressing block is enabled to move up and down to compress the loading spring, and the purpose of loading immovable loading force is achieved. The abrasion condition of the cam-tappet friction pair under different contact forces can be explored by changing the stroke of the stepping motor and further changing the compression amount of the loading spring.
During the experiment, lubricating oil enters the oil pipe through the oil pump and is further sprayed out from the spray head, so that the cam-tappet friction pair is lubricated, and the abrasion condition of the cam-tappet friction pair under different working conditions can be explored by changing the test parameters such as the pressure of the lubricating oil or the quality of the lubricating oil.
The tappet is divided into a flat-bottom tappet or a roller tappet, and the friction and wear mechanism and behavior difference between the flat-bottom tappet and the roller tappet and the intake cam and the exhaust cam can be explored by replacing different types of tappets.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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| CN201710954093.5A CN107817184B (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | A wear test device for cam-tappet friction pair |
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| CN201710954093.5A CN107817184B (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2017-10-13 | A wear test device for cam-tappet friction pair |
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| CN107817184A (en) | 2018-03-20 |
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