CN107817122A - A kind of escalator braking distance no-load method of testing and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法及装置，包括：测试自动扶梯空载条件下的制停距离，并记录该制停距离为S0；根据实时制停距离的测试，计算空载时平均制动减速度a0；根据制停距离S0、空载时平均制动减速度a0、自动扶梯装载的载荷mn及自动扶梯装载n倍满载时的修正系数kn获得自动扶梯任意载荷下的制停距离；将不同载荷下的制停距离计算结果绘制成曲线。本发明提供的方法及装置通过空载制停距离及制停减速度的测试，经过数学模型的计算，可以预测任意载荷下自动扶梯的制停距离，实现了无载测试自动扶梯的制停距离，解决了搬运砝码带来的测试风险问题，降低了测试成本，提高了测试效率。
The invention discloses a no-load test method and device for the stopping distance of an escalator, comprising: testing the stopping distance of the escalator under no-load conditions, and recording the stopping distance as S 0 ; according to the real-time stopping distance test, Calculate the average braking deceleration a 0 at no-load; according to the braking distance S 0 , the average braking deceleration a 0 at no-load, the load m n of the escalator and the correction factor k n when the escalator is loaded with n times the full load Obtain the stopping distance of the escalator under any load; draw the calculation results of the stopping distance under different loads as a curve. The method and device provided by the present invention can predict the braking distance of the escalator under any load through the test of the no-load braking distance and braking deceleration, and through the calculation of the mathematical model, and realize the no-load test of the braking distance of the escalator , which solves the test risk problem caused by moving the weight, reduces the test cost and improves the test efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及自动扶梯制动性能技术领域，尤其涉及一种自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法及装置。The invention relates to the technical field of braking performance of escalators, in particular to a no-load testing method and device for the stopping distance of an escalator.
背景技术Background technique
自动扶梯是车站、商场、地铁等公共场所实现大流量乘客输送不可或缺的交通工具，近年来使用范围极其广泛，我国的自动扶梯保有量也快速上升。但是，与此同时，自动扶梯安全事故也呈现出上升的趋势。尤其是2010年12月深圳自动扶梯逆行、2011年7月北京地铁逆行事故及2015年7月湖北扶梯卷人事故发生之后，自动扶梯的安全问题得到了全社会的重点关注。尤其是自动扶梯的制动性能及能否及时制动，都直接影响到事故的严重程度。但是，当前行业内对于制动性能评价方法较少且不统一，另外还缺乏专门针对自动扶梯安全评估的标准规范，自动扶梯安全评估还处于无依据状态，也限制了自动扶梯安全评估工作的开展。目前，在自动扶梯运行安全研究领域，欧盟处于世界引领地位。欧盟较早地将安全评估的思想引入到自动扶梯的制造、安装等方面，如在EN115-1-2008《自动扶梯和自动人行道的制造与安装安全规范》中就将电梯各个方面的制造、安装要求与安全要求充分融合，极大限度地体现了安全为上的思想；欧盟在2010年起草了EN115-2-2010《自动扶梯及自动人行道安全要求：第2部分提高在用自动提升已有自动扶梯的安全性能，对于有着较长使用年限的电梯，使用该标准可评价自动扶梯缺陷带来的风险。国内自动扶梯安全技术的研究尚处于跟踪欧盟及ISO标准的阶段。自动扶梯基础安全标准GB 16899等效采用了欧洲的EN115-1标准，对自动扶梯的制造、安装与检验提供了全国统一的技术依据和安全要求，是我国现行的自动扶梯安全相关的技术法规中最重要的一环。在自动扶梯安全评估方面，GB24403.1与GB20900分别由ISO/TS 22559-1《电梯的安全要求第1部分—全球基本安全要求》和ISO/TS 14798《电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道风险评价和降低的方法》转化而来，是我国自动扶梯安全评估领域两个重要的参考标准。Escalators are an indispensable means of transportation for the transportation of large-flow passengers in public places such as stations, shopping malls, and subways. In recent years, they have been widely used, and the number of escalators in my country has also increased rapidly. However, at the same time, escalator safety accidents are also showing an upward trend. Especially after the Shenzhen escalator retrograde in December 2010, the Beijing subway retrograde accident in July 2011, and the Hubei escalator accident in July 2015, the safety of escalators has attracted the attention of the whole society. Especially the braking performance of the escalator and whether it can be braked in time directly affect the severity of the accident. However, there are currently few and inconsistent evaluation methods for braking performance in the industry. In addition, there is a lack of standards and specifications specifically for escalator safety evaluation. The escalator safety evaluation is still in a state of no basis, which also limits the development of escalator safety evaluation. . At present, in the field of escalator operation safety research, the European Union is in a leading position in the world. The European Union introduced the idea of safety assessment into the manufacture and installation of escalators earlier. For example, in EN115-1-2008 "Safety Regulations for the Manufacture and Installation of Escalators and Moving Walks", the manufacture and installation of all aspects of elevators are Requirements and safety requirements are fully integrated, which greatly embodies the idea of safety first; the European Union drafted EN115-2-2010 "Safety Requirements for Escalators and Moving Walks in 2010: Part 2 Improves the existing automatic elevators in use." The safety performance of escalators. For elevators with a long service life, this standard can be used to evaluate the risk of escalator defects. Domestic research on escalator safety technology is still in the stage of tracking the EU and ISO standards. The escalator basic safety standard GB 16899 is equivalent to the European EN115-1 standard, which provides a nationally unified technical basis and safety requirements for the manufacture, installation and inspection of escalators. It is one of the current technical regulations related to escalator safety in my country. The most important link. In terms of escalator safety assessment, GB24403.1 and GB20900 are respectively composed of ISO/TS 22559-1 "Safety Requirements for Elevators Part 1 - Global Basic Safety Requirements" and ISO/TS 14798 "Elevators, Escalators and Moving Walks Risk Assessment and It is transformed from "Method of Reduction", which are two important reference standards in the field of escalator safety assessment in my country.
我国在自动扶梯制停距离检测的国家标准和检验规程中都有对空载和满载制停距离的检测要求，然而在实际当中满载制停距离检测风险很大，要求较高，需要一定数量的砝码才能完成，操作过程中，一旦不慎就有损坏梯级和建筑物的危险，针对此问题，本发明提供一种无载测试制停距离的方法，避免了砝码搬运造成的隐患，同时减少经济支出，有很广阔的应用前景。In my country, the national standards and inspection procedures for the detection of escalator stopping distances have detection requirements for no-load and full-load stopping distances. However, in practice, the detection of full-load stopping distances is very risky and requires a certain number of Weights can only be completed. During the operation process, once there is a danger of damaging the steps and buildings, the present invention provides a method for no-load testing to control the stopping distance, which avoids hidden dangers caused by weight handling, and at the same time It reduces economic expenditure and has broad application prospects.
目前对于自动扶梯满载制停距离检测的方法中除了满载测试以外，还有专利(ZL201410014460.X)中提到的轻载测试方法：该方法在空载和轻载状态下通过两次运行试验，测得空载制停距离和轻载荷下的制停距离，即可通过数学模型得出小于或等于额定载荷下的自动扶梯或自动人行道的制停距离；缺点在于依旧需要载荷，且需要测试两次。At present, in addition to the full-load test, there is also a light-load test method mentioned in the patent (ZL201410014460.X) in the method of detecting the full-load stopping distance of the escalator: this method passes two running tests under no-load and light-load conditions. By measuring the braking distance under no-load and light load, the mathematical model can be used to obtain the braking distance of the escalator or moving walk that is less than or equal to the rated load; the disadvantage is that the load is still required, and two tests are required. Second-rate.
现有技术是通过在扶梯上装载额定载荷来进行满载制停距离测试，首先在扶梯上均匀布置额定载荷，最多布满2/3梯级，并且载荷在扶梯的上部，完成后启动扶梯运行，当扶梯运行至额定速度后，按下急停开关，同时记录扶梯的制停距离，要求检验人员能掌握急停按下的时间点，以避免造成事故，要求较高，且存在一定的风险。The existing technology is to test the full-load stopping distance by loading the rated load on the escalator. First, the rated load is evenly arranged on the escalator, covering at most 2/3 of the steps, and the load is on the upper part of the escalator. After completion, the escalator is started to run. When After the escalator runs to the rated speed, press the emergency stop switch and record the stop distance of the escalator at the same time. It is required that the inspectors can grasp the time point of pressing the emergency stop to avoid accidents. The requirements are high and there are certain risks.
现有技术的缺点在于：满载制停距离测试需要砝码，带来极大不便和危险；测试精度低，无法准确捕捉制动过程。本方法通过空载制停距离和制停减速度的测试，经过数学模型的计算，可获得任意载荷下的制停距离，无需任何砝码，测试方法安全、便捷。The disadvantages of the prior art are: the full-load braking distance test requires weights, which brings great inconvenience and danger; the test accuracy is low, and the braking process cannot be accurately captured. The method can obtain the braking distance under any load through the test of the no-load braking distance and the braking deceleration through the calculation of the mathematical model, without any weight, and the test method is safe and convenient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法及装置，该方法及装置可通过空载制停距离和制停减速度的测试，经过数学模型的计算，可获得任意载荷下的制停距离，无需任何砝码，测试方法安全、便捷。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for unloaded testing of the stopping distance of an escalator. , the stopping distance under any load can be obtained without any weight, and the test method is safe and convenient.
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法，包括：测试自动扶梯空载条件下的制停距离，并记录该制停距离为S0；A no-load test method for the stopping distance of an escalator, comprising: testing the stopping distance of the escalator under no-load conditions, and recording the stopping distance as S 0 ;
根据实时制停距离的测试，计算空载时平均制动减速度a0；Calculate the average braking deceleration a 0 at no-load according to the real-time braking distance test;
根据制停距离S0、空载时平均制动减速度a0、自动扶梯装载的载荷mn及自动扶梯装载n倍满载时的修正系数kn获得自动扶梯任意载荷下的制停距离；According to the braking distance S 0 , the average braking deceleration a 0 at no load, the load m n of the escalator and the correction coefficient k n when the escalator is loaded n times full load, the braking distance of the escalator under any load is obtained;
将不同载荷下的制停距离计算结果绘制成曲线。The calculation results of the stopping distance under different loads are plotted as curves.
一种自动扶梯制停距离无载测试装置，包括：触摸屏、传输模块、高速激光测距模块、制停距离计算模块、减速度计算模块和曲线绘制模块；An escalator stop distance test device without load, comprising: a touch screen, a transmission module, a high-speed laser ranging module, a stop distance calculation module, a deceleration calculation module and a curve drawing module;
所述触摸屏，用于输入自动扶梯的速度、角度、宽度、空载制停距离及空载制停减速度的数据，并显示不同载荷下的制停距离预测结果，制停距离曲线及检测结果；The touch screen is used to input the speed, angle, width, no-load braking distance and no-load braking deceleration data of the escalator, and display the prediction results of the braking distance under different loads, the braking distance curve and the detection results ;
高速激光测距模块，用于实时对仪器与反光板之间的距离测试；High-speed laser ranging module, used to test the distance between the instrument and the reflector in real time;
制停距离计算模块，用于计算从按下急停按钮到完全停止时扶梯的运行距离；The braking distance calculation module is used to calculate the running distance of the escalator from when the emergency stop button is pressed to the complete stop;
减速度计算模块，用于计算从按下急停按钮时到完全停止时扶梯的平均减速度；The deceleration calculation module is used to calculate the average deceleration of the escalator from when the emergency stop button is pressed to when it stops completely;
曲线绘制模块，用与将不同载荷下的制停距离计算结果绘制成曲线并显示。The curve drawing module is used to draw and display the calculation results of the braking distance under different loads as a curve.
与现有技术相比，本发明的一个或多个实施例可以具有如下优点：Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments of the present invention may have the following advantages:
通过空载制停距离及制停减速度的测试，经过数学模型的计算，可以预测任意载荷下自动扶梯的制停距离，实现了无载测试自动扶梯的制停距离，解决了搬运砝码带来的测试风险问题，降低了测试成本，提高了测试效率。Through the test of no-load braking distance and braking deceleration, the mathematical model calculation can predict the braking distance of the escalator under any load, realize the no-load test of the braking distance of the escalator, and solve the problem of carrying weight belt It reduces the test cost and improves the test efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法流程图；Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the no-load test method for the stopping distance of the escalator;
图2是自动扶梯制停距离无载测试仪结构图；Fig. 2 is the structural diagram of the no-load tester for the stopping distance of the escalator;
图3是自动扶梯制停距离无载测试原理图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the no-load test of the stopping distance of the escalator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，是自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法，该方法可实现无载测试自动扶梯的任意载荷(包括满载)时的制停距离，首先测试自动扶梯空载条件下的制停距离，并记录该制停距离为S0；As shown in Figure 1, it is the no-load test method for the stop distance of the escalator. This method can realize the stop distance of any load (including full load) of the no-load test escalator. First, test the stop distance of the escalator under the no-load condition. distance, and record the stopping distance as S 0 ;
根据实时制停距离的测试，计算空载时平均制动减速度a0；Calculate the average braking deceleration a 0 at no-load according to the real-time braking distance test;
根据制停距离S0、空载时平均制动减速度a0、自动扶梯装载的载荷mn及自动扶梯装载n倍满载时的修正系数kn获得自动扶梯任意载荷下的制停距离；According to the braking distance S 0 , the average braking deceleration a 0 at no load, the load m n of the escalator and the correction coefficient k n when the escalator is loaded n times full load, the braking distance of the escalator under any load is obtained;
将不同载荷下的制停距离计算结果绘制成曲线。The calculation results of the stopping distance under different loads are plotted as curves.
上述自动扶梯任意载荷下的制停距离公式为：The formula for the stopping distance of the above-mentioned escalator under any load is:
Sn＝kn·f(S0,a0,mn)S n ＝k n f(S 0 ,a 0 ,m n )
其中，n为满载的倍数，Sn为自动扶梯装载n倍满载时的制停距离，单位为m，kn为自动扶梯装载n倍满载时的修正系数，a0为自动扶梯空载时平均制动减速度，单位为m/s2，mn为自动扶梯装载的载荷，单位为kg。Among them, n is the multiple of full load, S n is the stop distance when the escalator is loaded with n times full load, and the unit is m, k n is the correction coefficient when the escalator is loaded with n times full load, and a 0 is the average value when the escalator is empty Braking deceleration, the unit is m/s 2 , m n is the load loaded on the escalator, the unit is kg.
如图2所示，本实施例还提供了一种自动扶梯制停距离无载测试装置，包括：触摸屏、传输模块、高速激光测距模块、制停距离计算模块、减速度计算模块和曲线绘制模块；As shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment also provides a kind of escalator stop distance no-load test device, including: touch screen, transmission module, high-speed laser ranging module, stop distance calculation module, deceleration calculation module and curve drawing module;
所述触摸屏，用于输入自动扶梯的速度、角度、宽度、空载制停距离及空载制停减速度的数据，并显示不同载荷下的制停距离预测结果，制停距离曲线及检测结果；The touch screen is used to input the speed, angle, width, no-load braking distance and no-load braking deceleration data of the escalator, and display the prediction results of the braking distance under different loads, the braking distance curve and the detection results ;
高速激光测距模块，用于实时对仪器与反光板之间的距离测试；High-speed laser ranging module, used to test the distance between the instrument and the reflector in real time;
制停距离计算模块，用于计算从按下急停按钮到完全停止时扶梯的运行距离；The braking distance calculation module is used to calculate the running distance of the escalator from when the emergency stop button is pressed to the complete stop;
减速度计算模块，用于计算从按下急停按钮时到完全停止时扶梯的平均减速度；The deceleration calculation module is used to calculate the average deceleration of the escalator from when the emergency stop button is pressed to when it stops completely;
曲线绘制模块，用与将不同载荷下的制停距离计算结果绘制成曲线并显示。The curve drawing module is used to draw and display the calculation results of the braking distance under different loads as a curve.
上述传输模块可进行无线数据传输。The above transmission module can perform wireless data transmission.
如图3所示，为无载测试方法的原理，将测试仪放在扶梯的梯级上，并将反光板固定到扶梯下方0.5米处。打开仪器，此时高速激光测距模块发出红外光线，经过反光板将光线返回，通过红外光线反射原理，实时计算测试仪与反光板之间的距离，当扶梯达到额定运行速度V0后，按下急停按钮，同时测试仪记录此时与反光板之间的距离S1，并启动计时器开始计时，直到扶梯完全停止后，停止计时，记录时间t，并测试仪记录此时与反光板之间的距离S2，那么此时可以计算得到扶梯的空载制停距离为S0，并计算得到平均制停减速度a0。由公式Sn＝kn·f(S0,a0,mn)，可以得到任意载荷下的制停距离。As shown in Figure 3, for the principle of the no-load test method, the tester is placed on the steps of the escalator, and the reflector is fixed 0.5 meters below the escalator. Turn on the instrument, at this time the high-speed laser ranging module emits infrared light, which returns the light through the reflective plate, and calculates the distance between the tester and the reflective plate in real time through the principle of infrared light reflection. When the escalator reaches the rated operating speed V 0 , press Press the emergency stop button, and the tester records the distance S 1 between the reflector and the reflector at this time, and starts the timer to start counting until the escalator stops completely, then stops timing, records the time t, and the tester records the distance between the reflector and the reflector at this time. The distance S 2 between them, then at this time, the no-load braking distance of the escalator can be calculated as S 0 , and the average braking deceleration a 0 can be calculated. From the formula S n =k n ·f(S 0 ,a 0 ,m n ), the stopping distance under any load can be obtained.
上述实施例提供的自动扶梯制停距离无载测试方法及装置可以：The escalator stopping distance non-load testing method and device provided in the above embodiments can:
1、实现无载预测自动扶梯任意载荷下的制停距离，减少了成本，降低安全隐患；测试自动扶梯空载条件下的制停距离，并记录该距离大小S0，同时根据实时制停距离的测试，计算空载条件下的制动减平均速度a0，根据公式Sn＝kn·f(S0,a0，mn)，可以得到任意载荷下的制停距离。1. Realize the no-load prediction of the stopping distance of the escalator under any load, which reduces the cost and safety hazard; test the stopping distance of the escalator under the condition of no load, and record the distance S 0 , and at the same time, according to the real-time stopping distance According to the test, calculate the average deceleration speed a 0 under no-load conditions, and according to the formula S n =k n ·f(S 0 , a 0 , m n ), the braking distance under any load can be obtained.
2、自动扶梯的空载制停距离计算更加准确2. The calculation of the no-load stopping distance of the escalator is more accurate
测试仪实时测试与反光板之间的距离，同时测试仪记录此时与反光板之间的距离S1，并启动计时器开始计时，直到扶梯完全停止后，停止计时，测试仪记录此时与反光板之间的距离S2，那么此时可以计算得到扶梯的制停距离为S0＝S1-S2；平均减速度为a0＝V0/2S0，电梯计算速度为V＝a0t，如果|V-V0|<ε,其中ε为常数，S0＝S1-S2,否则，S0＝(V+V0)t/4。The tester tests the distance between the reflector and the reflector in real time, and at the same time the tester records the distance S 1 between the reflector and the reflector at this time, and starts the timer to start counting until the escalator stops completely. The distance between the reflectors is S 2 , then the stopping distance of the escalator can be calculated as S 0 = S 1 -S 2 ; the average deceleration is a 0 =V 0 /2S 0 , and the calculated speed of the elevator is V=a 0 t, if |VV 0 |<ε, where ε is a constant, S 0 =S 1 -S 2 , otherwise, S 0 =(V+V 0 )t/4.
3、通过上述计算，结合制停距离曲线突变点(曲线明显的分界点)，通过调整kn,得到突变点前后两段不同的曲线发展趋势，并自动绘制不同载荷下扶梯制停距离的曲线，直观掌握扶梯制停距离的发展趋势。3. Through the above calculation, combined with the mutation point of the stopping distance curve (obvious boundary point of the curve), by adjusting k n , the development trend of the two different curves before and after the mutation point is obtained, and the curve of the stopping distance of the escalator under different loads is automatically drawn , intuitively grasp the development trend of the escalator stopping distance.
虽然本发明所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本发明的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。Although the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are as above, the described content is only an embodiment adopted for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention, The scope defined by the appended claims must still prevail.
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