CN107817083A - Fault signal separation device and method for multi-vibration-source mechanical equipment - Google Patents
Fault signal separation device and method for multi-vibration-source mechanical equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107817083A CN107817083A CN201711055592.7A CN201711055592A CN107817083A CN 107817083 A CN107817083 A CN 107817083A CN 201711055592 A CN201711055592 A CN 201711055592A CN 107817083 A CN107817083 A CN 107817083A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012880 independent component analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of signal acquisition and processing, and discloses a fault signal separation device and a method for multi-vibration-source mechanical equipment, wherein the device comprises a sensor, a signal processing module and a signal processing module, wherein the sensor is used for acquiring vibration signal data; the data preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the acquired vibration signal data; the independent component analysis unit is used for eliminating mutual interference among different vibration signals; and the fault signal separation unit is used for decomposing each frequency component from the vibration signal and reconstructing the frequency component into a fault characteristic frequency band signal. The fault signal separation device and the fault signal separation method for the multi-vibration-source mechanical equipment can accurately separate the fault characteristic frequency band signal from the vibration signal of the multi-vibration-source mechanical equipment, overcome the problem that the fault signal of the multi-vibration-source mechanical equipment is difficult to extract, and improve the accuracy of signal acquisition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to signal acquisition process technical field, and in particular to a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation
Apparatus and method.
Background technology
At present, equipment is diagnosed using vibration signal, is method most effective, the most frequently used in equipment fault diagnosis.
Traditional method is directly to gather fault-signal by sensor.But for more vibration source equipment, due to the phase between vibration source
Mutually interference, the signal that conventional method is gathered include various noises so that follow-up signal processing, accident analysis are difficult to.Directly
Connect the more vibration source equipment fault signals of collection and be only applicable to single vibration source, the obvious situation of failure-frequency composition, there is significant limitations.
Interfering between vibration source must be effectively removed, signal to noise ratio is improved, extracts each vibration source fault signature frequency band signals, ability respectively
Clearly fault message is obtained, improves the accuracy rate of consequent malfunction diagnosis.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment point
From apparatus and method, interfering between vibration source unless each can be effectively gone, accurately obtains the fault signature frequency range of each vibration source
Signal.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：A kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment
Separator, it is characterised in that including：
Sensor, at the vibration source of plant equipment to be detected, for gathering vibration signal data；
Data pre-processing unit, it is connected with sensor, for the vibration signal data of collection to be normalized, and
Remove high frequency noise；
Independent component analysis unit, is connected with data pre-processing unit, mutually dry between different vibration signals for eliminating
Disturb；
Fault-signal separative element, it is connected with independent component analysis unit, for decompositing each frequency from vibration signal
Composition, and it is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
Further, the data pre-processing unit includes AD conversion module, for the vibration for gathering the sensor
Electric signal is converted to data signal.
Further, the independent component analysis unit includes：
Mean module is removed, for carrying out averaging operation to vibration signal；
Signal whitening module, with going mean module to be connected, for carrying out whitening operation to vibration signal.
Further, the fault signature frequency band signals are frequency band signals where the characteristic frequency point of failure.
Further, described device also includes transmitting element, and the transmitting element is connected with fault-signal separative element, uses
Sent in by fault signature frequency band signals to fault diagnosis terminal.
A kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1, determines the vibration source quantity in machinery to be detected, and the vibration signal of vibration source is often located in collection；
Step 2, normalized is done to each road vibration signal of collection, removes high frequency noise；
Step 3, eliminate interfering between each road vibration signal；
Step 4, each frequency content is decomposited from each road vibration signal, is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
Further, the method for removal high frequency noise is in the step 2：Will be big by dimensional Gaussian low pass filter
Removed in the frequency content of 5 times of fault signature frequencies.
Further, eliminated in the step 3 between each road vibration signal interfere concretely comprise the following steps：
Vibration signal of each road by step 2 processing is gone into average respectively；
Average Hou Ge roads vibration signal will be gone to carry out albefaction；
Utilize influencing each other between each road vibration signal of independent composition analysis algorithm removal.
Further, each frequency content is decomposited in the step 4 Zhong Congge roads vibration signal, is reconstructed into fault signature
Frequency band signals concretely comprise the following steps：
Each frequency content of vibration signal is decomposited using empirical mode decomposition；
Frequency content containing fault signature frequency is done sums superposition, is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
Further, methods described also includes step 5：Each road fault signature frequency band signals are sent whole to fault diagnosis
End.
The present invention is advantageous in that：
The present invention proposes a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators and method, is gone using independent component analysis
Except interfering between different signal of vibrating, and empirical mode decomposition is done to each vibration signal respectively, by from signal of vibrating
In decomposite each frequency content of signal, Related Component is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals, so as to isolate at each vibration source
It is capable of the frequency range of faults characteristic information, overcomes the problem of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment are difficult to extraction, improve
The degree of accuracy of signal acquisition.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separator schematic diagrames of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation method flow charts of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is to eliminate the flow chart for interfering method between each road vibration signal；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart for reconstructing fault signature frequency band signals method.
Embodiment
Make specific introduce to the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Shown in reference picture 1, a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators of the present invention, including with lower unit：Pass
Sensor 10, data pre-processing unit 20, independent component analysis unit 30 and fault-signal separative element 40.Wherein：
Sensor 10, for gathering vibration signal data.Before install sensor 10, shaking in measurement equipment to be checked is first determined
Source quantity, it is necessary to be respectively mounted sensor 10 at each vibration source, installation site preferably away from home nearest at vibration source, this
Sample can accurately gather vibration signal, and and can ensures the safe operation of sensor.And it is used for the sensor for gathering vibration signal
Can be acceleration transducer, such as piezoelectric acceleration transducer, or displacement transducer, velocity sensor, power pass
Sensor, strain transducer, torsional oscillation sensor, torque sensor etc..
Data pre-processing unit 20, it is connected with sensor 10, for place to be normalized to the vibration signal data of collection
Reason, and remove high frequency noise.The signal that sensor 10 gathers is electric signal, also needs to turn by AD to carry out follow-up processing
Mold changing block converts electrical signals to data signal, wherein, the speed of AD conversion be preferably 12KHZ and more than.By high frequency noise
Thresholding is arranged to the frequency content of 5 times of fault signature frequencies, and the frequency identification more than the thresholding is removed for noise.
Independent component analysis unit 30, it is connected with data pre-processing unit 20.Vibration signal is after pretreatment, using only
Vertical PCA unit 30 eliminates interfering between each road vibration signal.
Fault-signal separative element 40, it is connected with independent component analysis unit 30, it is each for being decomposited from vibration signal
Frequency content, and Related Component is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.Wherein, the fault signature frequency band signals are failure
Frequency band signals where characteristic frequency point.
More vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators can also increase transmitting element in addition to above construction unit
50, the transmitting element 50 is connected with fault-signal separative element 40, for each road fault signature frequency band signals to be sent to event
Hinder diagnosis terminal (such as PC equipment etc., for carrying out analyzing and diagnosing to fault-signal).Transmitting element 50 can be wired or nothing
Line transmitting element.
Shown in reference picture 2, the invention also provides a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods, specifically include
Following steps：
S100, determines the vibration source quantity in plant equipment to be detected, and the vibration signal of vibration source is often located in collection.Determine to treat first
The vibration source quantity N in plant equipment is detected, then N number of sensor is separately mounted at each vibration source, gathers vibration signal, peace
Holding position is preferably away from home nearest at vibration source.Mechanical oscillation signal is converted into electric signal to complete using sensor
Collecting work, sensor can be acceleration transducer, preferably piezoelectric acceleration transducer.Utilize shaking for sensor collection
Dynamic signal is electric signal, follow-up to carry out needing first to convert electrical signals to data signal during signal transacting, utilizes AD conversion module
Conversion of the electric signal to data signal can be completed.
S200, the N roads vibration signal of collection is pre-processed：Normalized is done, and removes high frequency noise.
Wherein, the step of normalized is：
S210, vibration signal all the way is chosen, each data in vibration signal are traveled through, by the maximum Max in data
Recorded with minimum M in；
S220, the normalized of radix progress data is used as by Max-Min, the data in vibration signal are all turned
Change in the range of [0,1], and the maximum Max=1 in translated data, minimum M in=0.Conversion formula is as follows：
In formula, X*For the data after conversion, X is the data before conversion, and Max is the maximum in data, and Min is in data
Minimum value.
In S200, the method for removing high frequency noise is：5 times of fault signature frequencies will be greater than by dimensional Gaussian low pass filter
The frequency content of point removes.
S300, eliminate interfering between each road vibration signal.Shown in reference picture 3, comprise the following steps that：
S310, the pretreated vibration signal in N roads is gone into average respectively；
S320, the signal albefaction after average will be gone, that is, removes the correlation between the signal of N roads.
S330, utilize influencing each other between the signal of independent composition analysis algorithm removal N roads.Wherein, independent component analysis
The principle of algorithm is as follows：
If one group of observation signal X={ x1, x2..., xmIt is source signal S={ s1, s1..., snObservation, it is assumed that
I observation signal xiFormed by n isolated component s linear hybrid, then：
xi=ai1si1+ai2si2+...+ainsinI=1,2 ..., m,
I.e.：
Wherein, A=[a1a2...an] it is referred to as hybrid matrix, ajThe referred to as base vector of hybrid matrix.Independent component analysis is calculated
The purpose of method is exactly to find a matrix W so that y=Wx,
It is required that output signal yiIndependently of each other, then y=[y1, y2..., yn]TIt is exactly s estimate.
S400, each frequency content is decomposited from each road vibration signal, is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.Reference picture 4
Shown, it is comprised the following steps that：
S410, each frequency content of signal is decomposited using empirical mode decomposition.Wherein, the empirical mode decomposition
Algorithm steps are：
1) the local maximum collection X of signal time sequence is determinedmaxWith minimum collection Xmin；
2) respectively according to XmaxAnd XminMake cubic spline interpolation, determine raw data set X (t) coenvelope and lower envelope,
It is initial data X (t) so between upper and lower envelope；
3) according to upper lower envelope, initial data X (t) local mean value m is obtained1, then primary signal and local extremum
Difference is designated as h1=X (t)-m1；
4) with h1Instead of X (t), 3 steps above are repeated, until the h that kth repetition obtains1kFor IMF functions, c is denoted as1=h1k,
Simultaneously c1Separated from X (t), r1=X (t)-c1Wherein, r1C is isolated for X (t)1Signal afterwards.
Wherein, IMF will meet 2 conditions：1) the Min-max number of whole data sequence is counted out equal with zero passage
Or at most differ one；2) any point of data sequence envelope and envelope determined by minimum determined by maximum
Average is always zero.
5) by r1As X (t), 4 steps above are repeated, until rnIt is smaller than predetermined value；Or rnIt is former when becoming monotonic function
The EMD of beginning signal, which is decomposed, terminates wherein, and n is the IMF quantity decomposited.
So, n IMF modal components and residual signal are obtained.Decompose obtained IMF modal components and represent original letter
The characteristic signal of the different time scales included in number, and be narrow band signal so that the IMF components decomposited are provided with truly
Physical significance
S420, the frequency content containing fault signature frequency is done sums superposition, is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
In addition, more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods can also include S500, the N roads that will be obtained from S400
Fault signature frequency band signals are sent to fault diagnosis terminal, wherein, sending method can be limited or wireless mode.
The basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, all to be obtained by the way of equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation
Technical scheme, all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators, it is characterised in that including：Sensor, at the vibration source of plant equipment to be detected, for gathering vibration signal data；Data pre-processing unit, it is connected with sensor, for the vibration signal data of collection to be normalized, and removes High frequency noise；Independent component analysis unit, is connected with data pre-processing unit, for eliminating interfering between different vibration signals；Fault-signal separative element, it is connected with independent component analysis unit, for decompositing each frequency content from vibration signal, And it is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
- A kind of 2. more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the number Data preprocess unit includes AD conversion module, and the vibration electric signal for the sensor to be gathered is converted to data signal.
- 3. a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described only Vertical PCA unit includes：Mean module is removed, for carrying out averaging operation to vibration signal；Signal whitening module, with going mean module to be connected, for carrying out whitening operation to vibration signal.
- A kind of 4. more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the event Hinder characteristic spectra signal for frequency band signals where the characteristic frequency point of failure.
- 5. according to a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separators described in any one of Claims 1 to 4, its feature It is, described device also includes transmitting element, and the transmitting element is connected with fault-signal separative element, for by fault signature Frequency band signals are sent to fault diagnosis terminal.
- 6. a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：Step 1, determines the vibration source quantity in machinery to be detected, and the vibration signal of vibration source is often located in collection；Step 2, normalized is done to each road vibration signal of collection, removes high frequency noise；Step 3, eliminate interfering between each road vibration signal；Step 4, each frequency content is decomposited from each road vibration signal, is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
- A kind of 7. more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step The method of removal high frequency noise is in rapid two：The frequency of 5 times of fault signature frequencies is will be greater than by dimensional Gaussian low pass filter Composition removes.
- A kind of 8. more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step Eliminated in rapid three between each road vibration signal interfere concretely comprise the following steps：Vibration signal of each road by step 2 processing is gone into average respectively；Average Hou Ge roads vibration signal will be gone to carry out albefaction；Utilize influencing each other between each road vibration signal of independent composition analysis algorithm removal.
- A kind of 9. more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the step Each frequency content is decomposited in rapid four Zhong Congge roads vibration signal, is reconstructed into concretely comprising the following steps for fault signature frequency band signals：Each frequency content of vibration signal is decomposited using empirical mode decomposition；Frequency content containing fault signature frequency is done sums superposition, is reconstructed into fault signature frequency band signals.
- 10. according to a kind of more vibration source fault signal of mechanical equipment separation methods described in any one of claim 6~9, it is special Sign is that methods described also includes step 5：Each road fault signature frequency band signals are sent to fault diagnosis terminal.
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Cited By (1)
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2017
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Application publication date: 20180320 |