CN107814546A - High severe analog material of the deep high fragility of hard rock high intensity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High severe analog material of the deep high fragility of hard rock high intensity and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107814546A
CN107814546A CN201710975755.7A CN201710975755A CN107814546A CN 107814546 A CN107814546 A CN 107814546A CN 201710975755 A CN201710975755 A CN 201710975755A CN 107814546 A CN107814546 A CN 107814546A
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calcite
sand
fragility
powder
preparation
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CN107814546B (en
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冯夏庭
祝国强
韩勇
张頔
李正伟
辜良杰
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00991—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for testing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/54—Substitutes for natural stone, artistic materials or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering three-dimensional physical model experimental technique field, discloses a kind of high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity and preparation method thereof；According to component, the analog material includes, aggregate：Calcite sand, dolomite sand and calcite in powder；Cementing material：Cement and gypsum.Analog material provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, it is material is closely knit during preparation from protolith key component calcite sand, calcite in powder to improve material fragility, be advantageous to improve the strength of materials and play the Brittleness of calcite；In view of the influence of grading, different types of particles of aggregates selects different sizes, and High Temperature Curing is used after the completion of preparation, forms the similarity that breeds condition, improve material similar with deep hot environment；The feature of silk screen griotte is successfully simulated, producing efficiency is high, material property is stable, wide material sources.

Description

High severe analog material of the deep high fragility of hard rock high intensity and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering three-dimensional physical model experimental technique field, more particularly to a kind of deep hard rock high intensity High high severe analog material of fragility and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Often sent out in the Process of Engineering Construction such as water conservancy and hydropower, traffic, Surrounding Nuclear Waste Repositories processing, deep physics subterranean laboratory Raw rock burst, causes huge economic loss, casualties etc..Had been achieved for by the means of field monitoring many important Achievement, but field test influence factor is complicated, is constrained by geological conditions, and constitute larger threat to the safety of personnel. Therefore, the engineering-environment at the scene of reproduction is tested by three-dimensional physical model, different influence factors is set, avoids the peace of personnel Full blast danger, it is easy to deeper into research rock burst hazard problem.
Rock burst, which often betides to excavate under large ground pressure, unloads load, has a sudden, severity, produces during surrounding rock failure Phenomena such as peeling, wall caving and ejection, the rock mass of rock burst, which occurs, has the feature such as high intensity and high fragility.
Analog material is the element task of physical experiments, is the premise of model test success or failure, therefore, develops satisfaction The analog material of the theory of similarity is most important.Constrained by loading equipemtn and the principle of similitude, the intensity of analog material is far below deep Portion's hard rock, therefore the strain energy assembled during material stress is far below deep hard rock, causes to be difficult to produce rock burst in laboratory Phenomenon is launched, the fragility effect of material is poor.In the prior art, the analog material with Rock burst proneness is expanded and deeply ground Study carefully, also achieve many achievements.Mainly include：Pass through quartz sand, barite sand, blanc fixe, gypsum, rosin alcoholic solution etc. Raw material, have developed a series of fragile material, and the fragility effect of these materials relies primarily on the effect of cementing matter, low intensity, And Factor of Brittleness (pressure Lapie) is below 20, without high fragility.Intensity and Brittleness are three-dimensional physical model experimental studies The important factor in order of rock burst hazard problem, therefore, it is necessary to carry out deeper into research, to obtain higher intensity and brittle Analog material.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity, solves similar material in the prior art Expect low intensity, the technical problem of fragility difference.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the invention provides a kind of similar material of the high severe of high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity Material, according to component, the analog material includes,
Aggregate：Calcite sand, dolomite sand and calcite in powder；
Cementing material：Cement and gypsum.
Further, using the quality of the calcite sand as unit quality, the component proportion of each component is：
The mass ratio of calcite sand and dolomite sand is 0.25~4.00, the quality sum of calcite sand and dolomite sand with The mass ratio of cementing material is 1.50~3.15, and the mass ratio of gypsum and cement is 0.89~4.00, calcite in powder and the glue The mass ratio for tying material is 0.1.
Further, the calcite sand grains footpath is 40~60 mesh, and the dolomite sand particle diameter is 100~120 mesh, described Calcite in powder particle diameter is 300~325 mesh.
A kind of high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity and preparation method thereof, including：
Calcite sand, calcite in powder, dolomite sand, gypsum, cement and PbO powder are weighed, is uniformly mixing to obtain after mixing mixed Close solid material；
Weighing water mixes with water reducer to be mixed thoroughly to obtain mixed solution；
The mixed solution is poured into the solid material of the mixing, is fitted into after stirring in mould；
In mould after material initial set, with the closely knit shaping of forcing press；
Material is stripped after drying ventilation maintenance indoors；
Conserved under the conditions of Indoor Natural, then using High Temperature Curing, until material hardening terminates, constant mass.
Further, using the quality of the calcite sand as unit quality, the component proportion of each component is：
The mass ratio of calcite sand and dolomite sand is 0.25~4.00, calcite sand and dolomite sand quality sum and glue The mass ratio for tying material is 1.50~3.15, and the mass ratio of gypsum and cement is 0.89~4.00, calcite in powder with it is described cementing The mass ratio of material is 0.1.
Further, the calcite sand grains footpath is 40~60 mesh, and the dolomite sand particle diameter is 100~120 mesh, described Calcite in powder particle diameter is 300~325 mesh.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, have at least the following technical effects or advantages：
The high severe analog material of the deep high fragility of hard rock high intensity provided in the embodiment of the present application, changes forefathers with glue The mode of matter controlled material property is tied, physical property and micro character based on protolith, is used in the method for aggregate controlled material property, From protolith key component calcite sand and calcite in powder to improve material fragility；During preparation, close material makes between particle Fine and close mosaic texture is formed, is advantageous to improve the strength of materials and plays the Brittleness of calcite.In view of the influence of grading, no The particles of aggregates of same type selects different sizes, and High Temperature Curing is used after the completion of preparation.
Further, the high fragility of analog material is realized, breaches the fragility effect of the analog material of forefathers' development；Phase Meet the theory of similarity like material and protolith main physico-mechanical parameter (severe, UCS, playing mould, Poisson's ratio, tensile strength), success The high intensity for simulating deep hard rock, high fragility, the feature of high severe；Meanwhile producing efficiency is high, material property is stable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is analog material single compressing stress-strain curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present application solves existing skill by providing a kind of high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity Analog material low intensity in art, the technical problem of fragility difference.
In order to be better understood from above-mentioned technical proposal, below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment to upper State technical scheme to be described in detail, it should be understood that the specific features in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment are to the application skill The detailed description of art scheme, rather than the restriction to technical scheme, in the case where not conflicting, the embodiment of the present application And the technical characteristic in embodiment can be mutually combined.
The application from protolith key component calcite sand, calcite in powder to improve material fragility, it is material is close during preparation It is real, be advantageous to improve the strength of materials and play the Brittleness of calcite, it is contemplated that the influence of grading, different types of aggregate The different size of grain-by-grain seed selection, High Temperature Curing is used after the completion of preparation, form the breed condition similar with deep hot environment, improve The similarity of material.
A kind of high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity, according to component, the analog material includes,
Aggregate：Calcite sand, dolomite sand and calcite in powder；
Cementing material：Cement and gypsum.
In general, using the quality of the calcite sand as unit quality, the component proportion of each component is：
The mass ratio of calcite sand and dolomite sand is 0.25~4.00, the quality sum of calcite sand and dolomite sand with The mass ratio of cementing material is 1.50~3.15, and the mass ratio of gypsum and cement is 0.89~4.00, calcite in powder and the glue The mass ratio for tying material is 0.1.
Further, the calcite sand grains footpath is 40~60 mesh, and the dolomite sand particle diameter is 100~120 mesh, described Calcite in powder particle diameter is 300~325 mesh.The influence of grading is fully taken into account, different types of particles of aggregates selects different chis It is very little so that coordinate High Temperature Curing after the completion of preparation, formed it is similar with deep hot environment breed condition, improve the similar of material Degree.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of preparation method based on above-mentioned material.
A kind of high severe analog material preparation method of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity, including：
Calcite sand, calcite in powder, dolomite sand, gypsum, cement and PbO powder are weighed, is uniformly mixing to obtain after mixing mixed Close solid material；
Weighing water mixes with water reducer to be mixed thoroughly to obtain mixed solution；
The mixed solution body is poured into the solid material of the mixing, is fitted into after stirring in mould；
In mould after material initial set, with the closely knit shaping of forcing press；
Material is stripped after drying ventilation maintenance indoors；
Conserved under the conditions of Indoor Natural, then using High Temperature Curing, until material hardening terminates, constant mass.
The present embodiment additionally provides a kind of specific material component and formula：
Aggregate is calcite sand (40 mesh), dolomite sand (100 mesh), calcite in powder (325 mesh), and cementing agent is cement, stone Cream, additive is water reducer, lead monoxide, water.Wherein, mastic mass ratio is 2.27, gypsum cement mass ratio is 1.16, Fang Xie It is total that stone sand and dolomite sand mass ratio are 0.56, calcite in powder accounts for the 10% of cementing material quality, lead monoxide accounts for solid material Amount 46.1%, amount of water be solid material quality 17%.
The present embodiment additionally provides the preparation method of the analog material, and operating procedure is as follows：
(1) a certain amount of solid material is claimed：Calcite sand, calcite in powder, dolomite sand, gypsum, cement and PbO powder, mix Stirred after conjunction；
(2) water of weighed amount, water reducer is poured into water and mixed thoroughly；
(3) mixing liquid is poured into solid material, be fitted into after stirring in the mould that inwall scribbles releasing agent；
(4) after material initial set, 11.8kn load is applied by the closely knit shaping of material；
(5) material is stripped after drying ventilation maintenance 12h indoors；
(6) continue to conserve 60h under the conditions of Indoor Natural, then using 120 DEG C of High Temperature Curings, until material hardening terminates, matter Measure constant.
To make a kind of high severe analog material preparation method of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity that the present embodiment proposes more clear Chu is easy to operate, deploys further instruction to principle, test method, step, feature with reference to embodiments.
The development of analog material must propose the thinking of research first, select suitable raw material, preparation and maintenance method, Further in accordance with the theory of similarity, engineering background in conjunction with the embodiments calculates the likelihood ratio, so that it is determined that the physical and mechanical parameter of analog material, Finally be possible to make the analog material for meeting research purpose.
Physical property and micro character based on protolith, use in the method for aggregate controlled material property, from the main group of protolith Point calcite sand, calcite in powder are closely knit by material during preparation to improve material fragility, make to form densification between particle and inlay knot Structure, be advantageous to improve the strength of materials and play the Brittleness of calcite, it is contemplated that the influence of grading, different types of aggregate The different size of grain-by-grain seed selection, uses High Temperature Curing after the completion of preparation.
Deep brittle rock mass approximate linear elasticity before destruction, can use Elasticity in equilibrium equation, geometric equation, Constitutive equation, primary condition and stress boundary condition derive the similarity criterion that analog material must meet.Destroyed behind rock mass peak bent The similar of line is difficult to fully meet, and general approximate processing is linearity mole strength envelope.
Equilibrium equation, geometric equation, constitutive equation, primary condition and stress boundary condition in Elasticity, with And condition of similarity is destroyed behind peak, and the similarity relation of physical and mechanical parameter can be derived, it is as follows：
Cσ=CE=CC=CL
Wherein, Cσ、CE、CC、CL、Cε、Cυ、CγRespectively represent stress, modulus of elasticity, cohesive strength, geometry, internal friction angle, Strain, Poisson's ratio, the affinity constant of unit weight.
Embodiments of the invention are using silk screen subterranean laboratory the second stage of the project as research background, and tunnel sectional dimension is 14m × 14m, three-dimensional physical model experiment cavern excavation size is 0.4m × 0.4m, and therefore, geometric similarity constant is
Therefore, preferable analog material physical and mechanical parameter is obtained, as shown in table 1
1 preferable analog material of table and protolith physical and mechanical parameter
The present invention the main composition of raw material be：Aggregate is calcite sand (40 mesh), dolomite sand (100 mesh), side Stone flour (325 mesh) is solved, cementing agent is cement, gypsum, and additive is water reducer, lead monoxide, water.
The mix proportion scheme of the analog material of the present invention is as shown in table 4.
The similar material mixture testing program of table 4
The measure of analog material mechanics parameter provided by the invention, using uniaxial compression test and diametral compression test, is determined Unit weight γ, uniaxial compressive strength UCS, tensile strength TS, Factor of Brittleness K, as shown in table 5.
The analog material physical and mechanical parameter of table 5
Can be learnt from table 5, the UCS of the 5th group of testing program, Factor of Brittleness, severe be respectively 4.80MPa, 21.68, 28.43kn·m-3, meet the requirement of silk screen griotte analog material, be the preferable similar material for simulating silk screen griotte Rockburst Problem Material.
Referring to Fig. 1, in the 8th group of mix proportion scheme, UCS is up to 7.91MPa, and Factor of Brittleness is also up to 24.91, and severe is 27.1kn·m-3Breaching current material has the characteristics of high fragility, high intensity, high severe, and analog material provided by the invention is Brand-new.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, have at least the following technical effects or advantages：
What is provided in the embodiment of the present application is used for deep hard rock analog material of the simulation with rock burst feature, changes forefathers In a manner of cementing matter controlled material property, physical property and micro character based on protolith, use with aggregate controlled material property Method, from protolith key component calcite sand, calcite in powder to improve material fragility；During preparation, by close material, make particle Between form fine and close mosaic texture, be advantageous to improve the strength of materials and play calcite Brittleness.In view of the shadow of grading Ring, different types of particles of aggregates selects different sizes, High Temperature Curing is used after the completion of preparation.
Further, the high fragility of analog material is realized, breaches the fragility effect of the analog material of forefathers' development；Phase Meet the theory of similarity like material and protolith main physico-mechanical parameter (severe, UCS, playing mould, Poisson's ratio, tensile strength), success The high intensity for simulating deep hard rock, high fragility, the feature of high severe；Meanwhile producing efficiency is high, material property is stable.
It should be noted last that above embodiment is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to example, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the present invention Technical scheme modify or equivalent substitution, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover Among scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity, it is characterised in that according to component, the analog material Including,
    Aggregate：Calcite sand, dolomite sand and calcite in powder；
    Cementing material：Cement and gypsum.
  2. 2. the high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that with the side The quality for solving stone sand is unit quality, and the component proportion of each component is：
    The mass ratio of calcite sand and dolomite sand is 0.25~4.00, calcite sand and dolomite sand quality sum and agglutination material The mass ratio of material is 1.50~3.15, and the mass ratio of gypsum and cement is 0.89~4.00, calcite in powder and the cementing material Mass ratio be 0.1.
  3. 3. the high severe analog material of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：
    The calcite sand grains footpath is 40~60 mesh, and the dolomite sand particle diameter is 100~120 mesh, the calcite in powder particle diameter For 300~325 mesh.
  4. A kind of 4. high severe analog material preparation method of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity, it is characterised in that including：
    Calcite sand, calcite in powder, dolomite sand, gypsum, cement and PbO powder are weighed, it is solid that mixing is uniformly mixing to obtain after mixing Material；
    Weighing water mixes with water reducer to be mixed thoroughly to obtain mixed solution；
    The mixed solution body is poured into the solid material of the mixing, is fitted into after stirring in mould；
    In mould after material initial set, with the closely knit shaping of forcing press；
    Material is stripped after drying ventilation maintenance indoors；
    Conserved under the conditions of Indoor Natural, then using High Temperature Curing, until material hardening terminates, constant mass.
  5. 5. as claimed in claim 4 be used to simulate the similar material of the high severe of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity with rock burst feature Preparation method for material, it is characterised in that using the quality of the calcite sand as unit quality, the ratio of each component is：
    The mass ratio of calcite sand and dolomite sand is 0.25~4.00, the quality sum of calcite sand and dolomite sand with it is cementing The mass ratio of material is 1.50~3.15, and the mass ratio of gypsum and cement is 0.89~4.00, calcite in powder and the agglutination material The mass ratio of material is 0.1.
  6. 6. the high severe analog material preparation method of the high fragility of deep hard rock high intensity as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that The calcite sand grains footpath is 40~60 mesh, and the dolomite sand particle diameter is 100~120 mesh, and the calcite in powder particle diameter is 300 ~325 mesh.
CN201710975755.7A 2017-10-19 2017-10-19 High-intensitive high high severe analog material of brittleness of deep hard rock and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN107814546B (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108439914A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-08-24 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 A kind of high-strength Geomechanical Similar Material of cement base and preparation method thereof
CN108530004A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-14 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Crisp ductility analog material of a kind of deep rock bullet modeling and preparation method thereof
CN109064866A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-21 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 A kind of high severe feature physics modelling device and method of the high brittleness of high intensity
CN110044718A (en) * 2019-02-02 2019-07-23 中南大学 Rock burst proneness Grade Judgment based on uniaxial compression lag than index
CN115583828A (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-01-10 浙江大学 High-density and high-strength calcite ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN115893938A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-04-04 广西大学 Limestone similar material with seepage-chemical-vibration coupling characteristics and preparation method thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106064924A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-11-02 华东交通大学 One kind rock burst analog material test specimen and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106064924A (en) * 2016-06-03 2016-11-02 华东交通大学 One kind rock burst analog material test specimen and preparation method thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108530004A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-14 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 Crisp ductility analog material of a kind of deep rock bullet modeling and preparation method thereof
CN108439914A (en) * 2018-05-16 2018-08-24 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 A kind of high-strength Geomechanical Similar Material of cement base and preparation method thereof
CN109064866A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-12-21 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 A kind of high severe feature physics modelling device and method of the high brittleness of high intensity
CN110044718A (en) * 2019-02-02 2019-07-23 中南大学 Rock burst proneness Grade Judgment based on uniaxial compression lag than index
CN115583828A (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-01-10 浙江大学 High-density and high-strength calcite ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN115583828B (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-10-03 浙江大学 High-density and high-strength calcite ceramic and preparation method thereof
CN115893938A (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-04-04 广西大学 Limestone similar material with seepage-chemical-vibration coupling characteristics and preparation method thereof
CN115893938B (en) * 2022-11-04 2023-08-01 广西大学 Limestone similar material with seepage-chemical-vibration coupling characteristic and preparation method thereof

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