CN107809279B - Device and method for detecting optical fiber event point - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting optical fiber event point Download PDFInfo
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- CN107809279B CN107809279B CN201610812050.9A CN201610812050A CN107809279B CN 107809279 B CN107809279 B CN 107809279B CN 201610812050 A CN201610812050 A CN 201610812050A CN 107809279 B CN107809279 B CN 107809279B
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- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for detecting optical fiber event points, wherein the device comprises: the wavelet calculation module is used for performing wavelet square after performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber; the window dividing module is used for dividing the signal square data after the wavelet square into a preset number of detection windows; and the event point detection module is used for searching for event points in each detection window respectively. The invention solves the problem that the existing OTDR can not detect or miss detecting the event point when checking the long-distance optical fiber, realizes the purpose of detecting the far-end event point and effectively improves the detection precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical fiber detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting an optical fiber event point.
Background
An optical Time Domain reflectometer (otdr) (optical Time Domain reflectometer) can use the principle of reflection and scattering of light to detect an event point, and is mainly used for testing the attenuation of the entire optical fiber link and providing attenuation details related to the length, which are embodied as detecting, positioning and measuring an event at any position on the optical fiber link (the event refers to a defect formed by fusion, connector, bending, etc. in the optical fiber link, and the change of the optical transmission characteristic thereof can be measured). The advantages of non-destructive OTDR test, only one end access and intuition and rapidness make the OTDR test become an indispensable instrument in the production, construction and maintenance of optical fiber cables.
The loss of light occurs during transmission, and the loss is very large even in a long distance, so that the OTDR cannot detect or fails to detect an event point when the inspection of the long-distance optical fiber is performed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for detecting an event point of an optical fiber, so as to solve the problem that the event point cannot be detected or is not detected when the conventional OTDR is used for inspecting a long-distance optical fiber.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an apparatus for detecting an optical fiber event point in the present invention includes:
the wavelet calculation module is used for performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber and then performing wavelet square;
the window dividing module is used for dividing the signal square data after the wavelet squaring into n sections according to a preset standard, and each section is correspondingly provided with a detection window; wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
and the event point detection module is used for searching for event points in each detection window respectively.
Further, the event point detection module comprises a plurality of sub-detection modules; one of the sub-detection modules corresponds to one of the detection windows;
any one of the sub-detection modules is configured to search the event point in the detection window according to a relationship between the inspection threshold of the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module and the signal square data in the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module; wherein the inspection threshold is different for each detection window.
Further, any one of the sub-detection modules is configured to sort the signal square data in the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module from large to small, and select a set number of the signal square data according to the sorting from the largest signal square data to perform average calculation;
taking the calculated average value as the check threshold value;
and taking the signal square data which is larger than the set multiple of the check threshold value in the detection window as the event point.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
an optical pulse generation module, configured to generate the detection optical pulse by using a golay complementary sequence, and inject the detection optical pulse into the optical fiber;
a data sampling module for receiving the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse and converting optical signals of the received backscattered light and reflected light into electrical signals;
the voltage loss conversion module is used for converting the electric signal into loss;
and the correlation operation module is used for performing correlation operation on the converted loss and the Golay complementary sequence to obtain signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light.
Further, the optical pulse generation module is further configured to set the number of bits of the golay complementary sequence according to the detection distance of the optical fiber.
Optionally, the wavelet calculation module is specifically configured to perform wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light, and obtain high-frequency part data after the wavelet operation;
and performing wavelet square on the high-frequency part data.
In order to solve the above technical problem, a method for detecting an optical fiber event point in the present invention includes the following steps:
performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of a detection light pulse in an optical fiber, and then performing wavelet squaring;
dividing the signal square data after the wavelet squaring into n sections according to a preset standard, and correspondingly setting a detection window for each section; wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
and respectively searching event points in each detection window.
Further, the step of searching for event points in each of the detection windows respectively includes:
in each detection window, searching an event point in the detection window according to the relation between the check threshold value of the detection window and the signal square data in the detection window; wherein the inspection threshold of each of the detection windows is different.
Further, the step of finding an event point in the detection window according to the relationship between the inspection threshold of the detection window and the signal squared data in the detection window includes:
sorting the signal square data in the detection window from big to small, and selecting a set number of signal square data for average calculation according to the sorting from the largest signal square data;
taking the calculated average value as the check threshold value;
and taking the signal square data which is larger than the set multiple of the check threshold value in the detection window as the event point.
Optionally, before the step of performing wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber, the method further includes:
generating the detection light pulse by using a Golay complementary sequence and injecting the detection light pulse into the optical fiber;
converting the received optical signals of the backscattered light and the reflected light into electrical signals;
and converting the electric signal into loss, and then performing correlation operation on the loss and the Gray complementary sequence to obtain signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light.
Further, the method further comprises:
and setting the bit number of the Gray complementary sequence according to the detection distance of the optical fiber.
Optionally, the step of performing wavelet square after performing wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber further includes:
performing wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber to obtain high-frequency part data after the wavelet operation;
and performing wavelet square on the high-frequency part data.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device and the method of the invention, through wavelet square calculation, project the event point in the discrete data point, and then respectively detect in a plurality of detection windows, shorten the detection time, solve the problem that the existing OTDR can not detect or neglects to detect the event point when carrying out the inspection of the long-distance optical fiber, realize the purpose of detecting the far-end event point, and effectively improve the detection precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for detecting an event point of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of data calculated by an apparatus using wavelets in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a rear distal window of a wavelet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the results of remote event points found by the apparatus in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a method for detecting a fiber event point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problem that the conventional OTDR cannot detect or fails to detect an event point when performing inspection of a long-distance optical fiber, the present invention provides an apparatus and a method for detecting an event point of an optical fiber, and the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for detecting an event point of an optical fiber includes:
a wavelet calculation module 10, configured to perform wavelet square after performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of a detection optical pulse in an optical fiber;
the window dividing module 20 is configured to divide the signal square data after the wavelet squaring into n segments according to a predetermined standard, where each segment is correspondingly provided with a detection window; wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
and the event point detection module 30 is configured to search for event points in each detection window respectively.
Because the distance of the test optical fiber is long, the reflected and scattered signals of a far-end event point received by a detection device are very weak, so that the detection cannot be carried out or the detection is missed, and the like.
On the basis of the above-mentioned embodiment, modified embodiments of the above-mentioned embodiment are further proposed, and it is to be noted herein that, in order to make the description brief, only the differences from the above-mentioned embodiment are described in each modified embodiment.
Wherein the number of n is determined by the detection distance of the optical fiber. The number of detection windows is set according to the detection distance, so that near and far window processing can be realized, and the detection precision is further improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the event point detection module includes a plurality of sub-detection modules; one of the sub-detection modules corresponds to one detection window;
any one of the sub-detection modules is used for searching for an event point in the detection window according to the relation between the inspection threshold value of the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module and the signal square data in the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module; wherein the inspection threshold is different for each detection window.
Because the distance is different, and the loss of backscattered light and reflected light is different, so in this embodiment, a sub-detection module is provided for each monitoring window, and the inspection threshold value in each monitoring module can be set according to the detection distance, thereby further improving the detection accuracy.
Specifically, any one of the sub-detection modules is specifically configured to sort the signal square data in the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module from large to small, and select a set number of the signal square data according to the sorting from the largest signal square data to perform average calculation;
taking the calculated average value as a check threshold value;
and taking the signal square data which is larger than the set multiple of the checking threshold value in the detection window as the event point.
For example, in the embodiment, the problems of incapability of detection or detection omission and the like can be well solved by using a window method after the feature points are amplified by using wavelet square. The window size can be adjusted as required. Dividing the data after the wavelet square into a plurality of time windows (namely detection windows), and carrying out self-processing in the time windows. Finding "event points" within the window, normally event points are satisfied: and averaging the 10 maximum data in the window, and using the value as a threshold value in the window, wherein if the data in the window is 2 times of the average value, the data is regarded as an event point.
Further, the wavelet calculation module is specifically configured to perform wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light, and obtain high-frequency part data after the wavelet operation;
and performing wavelet square on the high-frequency part data.
When the wavelet is searched for an event point, signal processing is carried out by utilizing convolution, and the position of the event point is determined by judging an abnormal mutation point on a high-frequency part. The present embodiment simplifies the wavelet operation in order to acquire only the wavelet high frequency part data, so the "simplified" wavelet takes about half of the wavelet full operation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further comprises:
an optical pulse generation module, configured to generate the detection optical pulse by using a golay complementary sequence, and inject the detection optical pulse into the optical fiber;
the data sampling module is used for receiving the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse and converting the received optical signals of the backscattered light and the reflected light into electric signals;
the voltage loss conversion module is used for converting the electric signal into loss;
and the correlation operation module is used for performing correlation operation on the converted loss and the Gray complementary sequence to obtain signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light.
Specifically, the optical pulse generation module is further configured to set the number of bits of the golay complementary sequence according to the detection distance of the optical fiber.
In the prior art, the purpose of detecting the event point at the far end of the long-distance optical fiber can be achieved by using the high-power light-emitting device, but the price of the high-power light-emitting device is not high. The embodiment of the invention can achieve the same effect of using a high-power light-emitting device together with a low-power light-emitting device based on the Golay complementary sequence, thereby obviously saving the cost.
Further, a flexible variable number of golay complementary sequence bits is used. The number of bits of the Gray complementary sequence is set according to the length of the estimated test fiber distance. Thus, the accuracy of remote testing can be improved by using the Golay complementary sequence with more digits in a long distance; short distance uses Gray complementary sequence with less digit, to shorten test time.
The detection process of the embodiment of the invention is briefly described by using a specific application example.
The device for detecting the optical fiber event point in the specific application example of the invention comprises the following modules:
the device comprises an optical pulse generation module, a data sampling module, a voltage loss conversion module, a related operation module, a wavelet calculation module, a window division module and an event point detection module;
the detection process comprises the following steps:
step 1: the pulse generator (i.e. the optical pulse generating module) emits a narrow pulse with adjustable width to drive the Laser Diode (LD), so as to generate an optical pulse with required width, and the optical pulse is incident to the tested optical fiber after passing through the directional coupler.
Wherein, the OTDR uses Gray complementary sequence, represented by AK、BkFour groups of generated unipolar pulses Uk、
And Wk、
And sending the optical fiber, and generating a Gray complementary sequence as follows:
AK＝[a0,a0,……,an-1]；
Bk＝[b0,b1,……,bn-1]；
is a pair of Golay complementary sequences, S1 and S2 are a pair of synthesized Golay complementary sequences.
S1＝AKBk＝a0,a0,……,an-1,b0,b1,……,bn-1；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
denotes biThe complement of (1) is 0 to 1 and 1 to 0.
Wherein the handle AK、BkAre respectively divided into Uk、
And Wk、
Uk＝β(1+Ak)，Wk＝β(1+Bk)；
Where β is an offset constant, and may be a different number according to actual conditions, and now β is 1/2:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and 2, enabling backward scattered light and Fresnel reflected light in the optical fiber to enter a photoelectric detector through the coupler, converting the received scattered light and reflected light signals into electric signals by the photoelectric detector, amplifying the electric signals by an amplifier, and transmitting the electric signals to a sampling device (a data sampling module).
And step 3: and the sampling device converts the acquired sampling data into loss.
And 4, step 4: and the correlation operation module performs correlation operation processing on the data. The correlation operation is a well-known operation in the art, and is not limited herein, but the correlation operation will be briefly described herein for the sake of better clarity in describing the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically speaking:
in FPGA, the test of the odd-even single sequence is carried out twice respectively, thus realizing the test of the Gray complementary sequence. Specifically, the first parity one-time sequence transmission UkAnd
i.e. an even number of occurrences of UkOdd number of occurrences
Second parity one-shot sequence transmission WkAnd
i.e. an even number of transmissions WkOdd number of transmissions
After the test, four groups of data are obtained, namely the backscattered light and reflected light signals of the first group of unipolar pulses and the backscattered light and reflected light signals of the second group of unipolar pulses obtained by the first odd-even single sequence test, and the backscattered light and reflected light signals of the third group of unipolar pulses and the backscattered light and reflected light signals of the fourth group of unipolar pulses obtained by the second odd-even single sequence test.
Then, the backscattering light and the reflected light signals of the first group and the second group of unipolar pulses are subtracted to obtain detection data an. The back scattered light and the reflected light signals of the unipolar pulses of the third group and the fourth group are subtracted to obtain the detectionMeasured data bn。
Will detect data anGolay complementary sequence g1n+jIs correlated to obtain cj(ii) a Will detect data bnGolay complementary sequence g2n+jThe second code of (a) is correlated to obtain dj(ii) a The specific correlation operation is as follows.
Wherein, cjAnd djIndicates the result of the correlation operation, anAnd bnRepresenting the detected data, g1n+jAnd g2n+jEach represents a Golay complementary sequence. N is the number of data, N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to (N-1), the number of complementary sequence bits of gray is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to (N + j), and j is more than or equal to (-N +1) and less than or equal to (N-1).
Two correlation results cjAnd djAnd adding the signals to obtain the signal data of the correlated backscattered light and reflected light.
And 5: performing wavelet operation on the data after the correlation operation, wherein fig. 2 is a data graph after the wavelet operation is used; FIG. 3 is a partial magnified view of a wavelet back distal viewing window; fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the results of the found remote event points. As can be seen from the figure, after wavelet processing, the outliers can be further highlighted.
Step 6: and performing window calculation on the wavelet square to acquire event point information.
Specifically, the result after wavelet square is windowed, and the threshold corresponding to each window is obtained by averaging 10 maximum data in the window and using the average value as the threshold in the window.
The threshold is calculated and is considered to be an event point if it is 2 times greater than the threshold within this window.
The device provided by the embodiment of the invention can achieve the purpose of detecting the far-end event point while shortening the detection time. Therefore, the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can shorten the detection time and effectively reduce the problems of event point missing detection and the like caused by testing the long-distance optical fiber.
The purpose of detecting the event point at the far end of the long-distance optical fiber can be achieved by using the high-power light-emitting device, but the high-power light-emitting device is not expensive, so that the optical pulse generating module of the device can achieve the same effect of using the high-power light-emitting device by using the low-power light-emitting device on the premise of saving the cost.
As shown in fig. 5, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for detecting an event point of an optical fiber is used for an optical time domain reflectometer, and the method includes the following steps:
s501, performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of a detection light pulse in an optical fiber, and then performing wavelet square;
s502, dividing the signal square data after the wavelet square into n sections according to a preset standard, and correspondingly setting a detection window for each section; wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
s503, finding event points in each detection window respectively.
Further, the step of searching for an event point in each of the detection windows respectively includes:
in each detection window, searching an event point in the detection window according to the relation between the check threshold value of the detection window and the signal square data in the detection window; wherein the inspection threshold is different for each detection window.
Further, the step of finding the event point in the detection window according to the relationship between the inspection threshold of the detection window and the signal square data in the detection window includes:
sorting the signal square data in the detection window from big to small, and selecting a set number of signal square data for average calculation according to the sorting from the largest signal square data;
taking the calculated average value as a check threshold value;
and taking the signal square data which is larger than the set multiple of the checking threshold value in the detection window as the event point.
Optionally, before the step of performing wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber, the method further includes:
generating the detection light pulse using a golay complementary sequence and injecting into the optical fiber;
converting the received optical signals of the backscattered light and the reflected light into electrical signals;
and converting the electric signal into loss, and then performing correlation operation on the loss and the Gray complementary sequence to obtain signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light.
Further, the method further comprises:
and setting the bit number of the Gray complementary sequence according to the detection distance of the optical fiber.
Optionally, the step of performing wavelet square after performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of a detection optical pulse in the optical fiber includes:
performing wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber to obtain high-frequency part data after the wavelet operation;
and performing wavelet square on the high-frequency part data.
In the specific implementation of the method embodiment of the present invention, reference may be made to the above-mentioned apparatus embodiment, and the method embodiment of the present invention is intended to provide a method for detecting a long-distance optical fiber event point in an OTDR design, where data used for calculation is discrete points, and the discrete data points are subjected to wavelet processing, so as to further highlight abnormal points. And then, a window method is used to carry out window processing from near to far, so that the problems that when the OTDR detects a long-distance optical fiber, because the distance of the test optical fiber is long, the reflected and scattered signals of a far-end event point received by a detection device are very weak, the detection cannot be carried out or the detection is missed and the like are effectively solved.
While this application describes specific examples of the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without departing from the inventive concepts herein.
In light of the above teachings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the method of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for detecting a point of fiber optic event, the apparatus comprising:
the wavelet calculation module is used for performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber and then performing wavelet square;
the window division module is used for dividing signal square data obtained by wavelet squaring into n sections according to a preset standard, and each section is correspondingly provided with a detection window; wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
the event point detection module comprises a plurality of sub-detection modules, wherein one sub-detection module corresponds to one detection window;
any one of the sub-detection modules is configured to search the event point in the detection window according to a relationship between the inspection threshold of the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module and the signal square data in the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module; wherein the inspection threshold of each detection window is set according to the detection distance.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein any one of the sub-detection modules is configured to sort signal square data in a detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module from large to small, and select a set number of signal square data for average calculation according to the sorting, starting from the largest signal square data;
taking the calculated average value as an inspection threshold value of a detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module;
and taking the signal square data which is larger than the set multiple of the inspection threshold in the detection window corresponding to the sub-detection module as the event point.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus further comprises:
an optical pulse generation module, configured to generate the detection optical pulse by using a golay complementary sequence, and inject the detection optical pulse into the optical fiber;
a data sampling module for receiving the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse and converting optical signals of the received backscattered light and reflected light into electrical signals;
the voltage loss conversion module is used for converting the electric signal into loss;
and the correlation operation module is used for performing correlation operation on the loss and the Golay complementary sequence to obtain signal data of the back scattering light and the reflected light.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the optical pulse generation module is further configured to set a number of bits of the Golay complementary sequence according to a detection distance of the optical fiber.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wavelet calculation module is specifically configured to perform a wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light, and obtain high-frequency part data after the wavelet operation;
and performing wavelet square on the high-frequency part data.
6. A method of detecting a fiber optic event point, the method comprising the steps of:
performing wavelet operation on signal data of backscattered light and reflected light of a detection light pulse in an optical fiber, and then performing wavelet squaring;
dividing the signal square data after the wavelet squaring into n sections according to a preset standard, and correspondingly setting a detection window for each section; wherein n is a natural number greater than 1;
respectively searching for event points in each detection window, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in each detection window, searching an event point in the detection window according to the relation between the check threshold value of the detection window and the signal square data in the detection window; and the check threshold value of each detection window is set according to the detection distance.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step of finding event points in the detection window based on a relationship between the inspection threshold of the detection window and the signal squared data in the detection window comprises:
sorting the signal square data in the detection window from big to small, and selecting a set number of signal square data for average calculation according to the sorting from the largest signal square data;
taking the calculated average value as the check threshold value;
and taking the signal square data which is larger than the set multiple of the check threshold value in the detection window as the event point.
8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein prior to the step of performing wavelet operations on the signal data of backscattered and reflected light of the detected light pulses in the optical fiber, further comprising:
generating the detection light pulse by using a Golay complementary sequence and injecting the detection light pulse into the optical fiber;
converting the received optical signals of the backscattered light and the reflected light into electrical signals;
and converting the electric signal into loss, and then performing correlation operation on the loss and the Gray complementary sequence to obtain signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
and setting the bit number of the Gray complementary sequence according to the detection distance of the optical fiber.
10. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the step of performing wavelet squaring after performing wavelet operation on the signal data of backscattered and reflected light of the detected light pulse in the optical fiber comprises:
performing wavelet operation on the signal data of the backscattered light and the reflected light of the detection light pulse in the optical fiber to obtain high-frequency part data after the wavelet operation;
and performing wavelet square on the high-frequency part data.
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