CN107808041B - Method for optimally drawing cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for optimally drawing a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, which is used for solving the problem of dynamically displaying the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram in a water regulation automatic system; the method comprises the steps of establishing a step reservoir slope linear optimization model by taking the waterway distance between each reservoir of the watershed steps and the estuary, the dam bottom elevation, the dam top elevation and the like as input data, calculating to obtain an optimized step reservoir slope surface line by taking the minimum slope amplitude of the step reservoir slope as a target, and finally calling a graphic assembly to draw a step reservoir hydraulic connection diagram. The hydraulic connection diagram drawn by the method is smooth and attractive, can roughly reflect the gradient change trend of the drainage basin, and can roughly reflect the size ratio of the storage capacity of each reservoir. The invention provides technical support for dynamically displaying the cascade reservoir map in the water dispatching automation system, and avoids the discordance phenomena of unsmooth slope surface, too large or too small reservoir display and the like caused by simply adopting actual data drawing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water regulation automation systems, in particular to a method for optimally drawing a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram.
Background
At present, a water dispatching automation system or a watershed management system in a Web or desktop application form is widely applied to a power dispatching department or a watershed management department, and a watershed cascade reservoir hydraulic connection schematic diagram is generally required to be displayed in the Web or desktop application system. In most of the systems, static manual drawing pictures are adopted for displaying, so that the display cannot be automatically updated when a user adds or deletes a reservoir, and only the original schematic diagram can be reproduced and replaced, which brings inconvenience to the user and influences the use experience; some application systems can dynamically generate a reservoir relation schematic diagram, but reservoir characteristic data is usually directly adopted for drawing, so that schematic diagram display is discordant, such as reservoir display is too large or too small, slope surface is not smooth, and the like. Therefore, a method is needed to be designed for dynamically generating and smoothing the hydraulic connection diagram of the step reservoir, the hydraulic connection diagram can roughly reflect the gradient change of the watershed, and the drawn reservoir diagram can roughly reflect the size ratio of the reservoir capacity of each reservoir.
Aiming at the problems, a cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model is established by taking the minimum gradient variation of the cascade reservoir slope surface as a target, a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is drawn by applying a linear programming optimization algorithm, and technical support is provided for drawing and displaying the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram in the water transfer automation system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for optimally drawing a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, which solves the problem that the existing system adopts manually drawn graphs, and the graphs can not be updated in a self-adaptive manner; or dynamic drawing of reservoir characteristic data is adopted, and inconsistent graphic display is achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for optimally drawing a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking parameters of each reservoir of the watershed cascade as input data, scattering the cascade reservoir slope at equal intervals, and establishing a cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model;
secondly, carrying out linear processing on nonlinear constraints in the cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model, and calculating by adopting linear programming to obtain an optimized cascade reservoir slope surface line;
and thirdly, calling a graph drawing component according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line and considering the elevation of the dam crest, and drawing a gradient reservoir hydraulic connection diagram.
The method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the input data comprises waterway distances of the reservoirs from the estuary, dam bottom elevations and dam top elevations.
The method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model aims at minimizing gradient slope variation of the cascade reservoir slope surface.
The method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific steps of constructing a cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model:
setting N cascade reservoirs in the watershed, wherein the waterway distance between the reservoir N and the estuary is XnThe elevation of the dam bottom of the reservoir n is YnElevation of dam crest is ZnN is 1 to N, and N represents a reservoir number;
setting slope discrete points with x corresponding to the abscissa from the estuary to the upstream at equal intervals on the horizontal axis1,x2,…,xMThe discrete step length of the equidistant slope surface is delta x; abscissa x of discrete point on slope1,x2,…,xMCorresponding slope discrete point longitudinal coordinate y1,y2,…,yMThe decision variables of the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model are determined;
1) from the river mouth to the upstream, the slope surface presents an increasing trend, and the trend relation is shown as the formula (1):
ym≤ym+1 (1)
ymrepresenting the longitudinal coordinate of the discrete point of the mth slope surface; m is 1-M, and M represents the number of the slope discrete points;
2) for the n dam site points (X) of the reservoir on the slopen,Yn) The slope is set to 0, the elevation is unchanged,
xmrepresenting the abscissa of the discrete point of the mth slope surface;
3) starting from the dam site of the reservoir n and stopping from the dam site of the upstream reservoir n +1 closest to the reservoir n, a discrete point set A of the slope surface of the interval of the reservoir n is formednExpressed as:
An＝{m|Xn≤xm≤Xn+1} (3)
slope amplitude alpha of discrete point of mth slope surfacemExpressed as a second order difference:
αm＝(ym+1-ym)-(ym-ym-1) (4)
discrete point set A of n-interval slope surface of reservoirnThe maximum value of the second order difference absolute value of the internal discrete point is expressed as:
βn＝max|αm|,m∈An (5)
4) the objective function of the cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model is as follows:
the method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the second step, the nonlinear constraints in the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model are subjected to linearization processing, and the optimized cascade reservoir slope surface line is obtained by adopting linear programming calculation, and the specific steps comprise:
the formula (5) is linearized to obtain:
βn≥αm,m∈An (7)
βn≥-αm,m∈An (8)
the objective function of the cascade reservoir slope surface optimization model is an expression (6) and satisfies constraint condition expressions (1,2,3,4,7 and 8).
The method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and in the third step, according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line, considering the elevation of the dam crest, calling a graph drawing assembly, and drawing a gradient reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, wherein the concrete steps comprise:
according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line, considering dam crest elevation ZnAnd calling the graph drawing component to draw the slope surface line of the cascade reservoir, the dam of the cascade reservoir and the water surface line of the reservoir, and finally forming the reservoir hydraulic connection graph of the whole watershed cascade.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the display of manually drawn graphs, by applying the technology of the invention, the water regulation automatic system can automatically update the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection graph when adding or deleting the reservoir, and automatically display the effect after adding or deleting the reservoir;
(2) compared with the method that the actual reservoir characteristic data is directly adopted for drawing, by applying the technology of the invention, the system can smoothly and beautifully display the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, can ensure the coordination of the sizes of the reservoirs of the cascade as much as possible, is close to the real reservoir capacity proportion, and can improve the use experience of users;
(3) the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model is established, the method has the characteristics of quickness and stability in solving, the calculation result is transmitted to the graphic component to draw the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, the expandability is good, and the method can be applied to various hydropower dispatching systems in Web and desktop application forms and is not limited to specific development environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optimization model of a step reservoir slope surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the optimization results of the step reservoir slope surface of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
A method for optimally drawing a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking waterway distances between reservoirs of the watershed cascade and a estuary, dam bottom elevations and dam top elevations as input, and equidistantly dispersing cascade reservoir slope surfaces, and establishing a cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model taking gradient variation of the cascade reservoir slope surfaces as a minimum target;
secondly, carrying out linear processing on nonlinear constraints in the cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model, and calculating by adopting linear programming to obtain an optimized cascade reservoir slope surface line;
and thirdly, calling a graph drawing component according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line and considering the elevation of the dam crest, and drawing a gradient reservoir hydraulic connection diagram.
The method comprises the following specific steps of constructing a linear optimization model of the slope of the step-level reservoir in the first step:
setting N cascade reservoirs in the watershed, wherein the waterway distance between the reservoir N and the estuary is XnThe elevation of the dam bottom of the reservoir n is YnElevation of dam crest is ZnN is 1 to N, and N represents a reservoir number;
setting slope discrete points with x corresponding to the abscissa from the estuary to the upstream at equal intervals on the horizontal axis1,x2,…,xMThe discrete step length of the equidistant slope surface is delta x; abscissa x of discrete point on slope1,x2,…,xMCorresponding slope discrete point longitudinal coordinate y1,y2,…,yMThe method is a decision variable of a cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model, namely the slope surface discrete point elevation.
M is the total number of the discrete points on the slope surface at equal intervals, and the more discrete points are taken, the smoother the finally drawn hydraulic connection diagram is;
1) from the river mouth to the upstream, the slope surface presents an increasing trend, and the trend relation is shown as the formula (1):
ym≤ym+1 (1)
ymrepresenting the longitudinal coordinate of the mth slope discrete point, namely the slope discrete point elevation; m is 1-M, and M represents the number of the slope discrete points;
2) for the n dam site points (X) of the reservoir on the slopen,Yn) The slope is set to 0, i.e. the elevation is constant,
xmrepresenting the abscissa of the discrete point of the mth slope surface; at the reservoir n-dam site, the slope is set to 0.
3) Starting from the dam site of the reservoir n and stopping from the dam site of the upstream reservoir n +1 closest to the reservoir n, a discrete point set A of the slope surface of the interval of the reservoir n is formednExpressed as:
An＝{m|Xn≤xm≤Xn+1} (3)
slope amplitude alpha of discrete point of mth slope surfacemCan beExpressed as a second order difference:
αm＝(ym+1-ym)-(ym-ym-1) (4)
discrete point set A of n-interval slope surface of reservoirnThe maximum value of the second order difference absolute value of the internal discrete point is expressed as:
βn＝max|αm|,m∈An (5)
βnset A of discrete points representing slope surface of n intervals of reservoirnThe maximum value of slope amplitude of the middle slope.
4) The slope variation of the cascade reservoir is as small as possible, and the enclosed reservoir area is as large as possible. Therefore, the objective function of the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model is as follows:
n is 1 to N, and N represents a reservoir number.
In the second step, the nonlinear constraints in the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model are subjected to linearization processing, and the optimized cascade reservoir slope surface line is obtained by adopting linear programming calculation, and the specific steps comprise:
the formula (5) is linearized to obtain:
βn≥αm,m∈An (7)
βn≥-αm,m∈An (8)
the objective function of the cascade reservoir slope surface optimization model is an expression (6) and satisfies constraint condition expressions (1,2,3,4,7 and 8).
And in the third step, according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line, considering the elevation of the dam crest, calling a graph drawing assembly, and drawing a gradient reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, wherein the concrete steps comprise:
according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line, considering dam crest elevation ZnAnd calling the graph drawing component to draw the slope surface line of the cascade reservoir, the dam of the cascade reservoir and the water surface line of the reservoir, and finally forming the reservoir hydraulic connection graph of the whole watershed cascade.
Example (b):
taking the elegans hulling river step reservoir as an example, the elegans catalpa forest, the second beach, the official place, the jin east, the jin xi and the two river mouths are arranged from the river mouth to the upstream, so as to reach the river source, and specific parameter values are shown in table 1.
The number of the watershed common cascade reservoirs is 6; the total number of the discrete points on the equidistant slope surface is 500.
According to the method, a step reservoir slope surface linear optimization model is established, the optimized step reservoir slope surface line is obtained by adopting linear programming calculation, and the calculation result is shown in figure 2.
TABLE 1 reservoir parameter table
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
the hydraulic connection diagram drawn by the method is smooth and attractive, can roughly reflect the gradient change trend of a drainage basin, can roughly reflect the size ratio of the storage capacity of each reservoir, provides technical support for dynamically displaying the cascade reservoir diagram in a water dispatching automation system, and avoids the discordance phenomena of unsmooth slope surface, too large or too small reservoir display and the like caused by simply adopting actual data drawing.
Compared with the step hydraulic connection diagram manually drawn, the method can automatically update the step hydraulic connection diagram display when a reservoir is added or deleted in the system without manual intervention or redrawing;
compared with the method that the actual reservoir characteristic data is directly adopted for drawing, the water regulation automation system can smoothly and attractively display the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, can ensure the coordination of the sizes of all the reservoirs of the cascade as much as possible, is close to the real reservoir capacity proportion, and can improve the use experience of users;
the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model is established, the method has the characteristics of quickness and stability in solving, the calculation result is transmitted to the graphic component to draw the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, the expandability is good, and the method can be applied to various hydropower dispatching systems in Web and desktop application forms and is not limited to specific development environments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for optimally drawing a cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, taking parameters of each reservoir of the watershed cascade as input data, scattering the cascade reservoir slope at equal intervals, and establishing a cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model;
secondly, carrying out linear processing on nonlinear constraints in the cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model, and calculating by adopting linear programming to obtain an optimized cascade reservoir slope surface line;
thirdly, calling a graph drawing component according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line and considering the elevation of the dam crest, and drawing a gradient reservoir hydraulic connection diagram;
the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model takes the minimum gradient amplitude of slope of the cascade reservoir slope as a target;
the method comprises the following specific steps of constructing a cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model:
setting N cascade reservoirs in the watershed, wherein the waterway distance between the reservoir N and the estuary is XnThe elevation of the dam bottom of the reservoir n is YnElevation of dam crest is ZnN is 1 to N, and N represents a reservoir number;
setting slope discrete points with x corresponding to the abscissa from the estuary to the upstream at equal intervals on the horizontal axis1,x2,…,xMThe discrete step length of the equidistant slope surface is delta x; abscissa x of discrete point on slope1,x2,…,xMCorresponding slope discrete point verticalCoordinate y1,y2,…,yMThe decision variables of the cascade reservoir slope linear optimization model are determined; m is the total number of discrete points on the slope;
1) from the river mouth to the upstream, the slope surface presents an increasing trend, and the trend relation is shown as the formula (1):
ym≤ym+1 (1)
ymrepresenting the longitudinal coordinate of the discrete point of the mth slope surface; m is 1-M, and M represents the number of the slope discrete points;
2) for the n dam site points (X) of the reservoir on the slopen,Yn) The slope is set to be 0, the elevation of the dam bottom is not changed,
xmrepresenting the abscissa of the discrete point of the mth slope surface;
3) starting from the dam site of the reservoir n and stopping from the dam site of the upstream reservoir n +1 closest to the reservoir n, a discrete point set A of the slope surface of the interval of the reservoir n is formednExpressed as:
An＝{m|Xn≤xm≤Xn+1} (3)
slope amplitude alpha of discrete point of mth slope surfacemExpressed as a second order difference:
αm＝(ym+1-ym)-(ym-ym-1) (4)
discrete point set A of n-interval slope surface of reservoirnThe maximum value of the second order difference absolute value of the internal discrete point is expressed as:
βn＝max|αm|,m∈An (5)
4) the objective function of the cascade reservoir slope surface linear optimization model is as follows:
the second step specifically comprises the following steps:
the formula (5) is linearized to obtain:
βn≥αm,m∈An (7)
βn≥-αm,m∈An (8)
the objective function of the cascade reservoir slope surface optimization model is an expression (6) and satisfies constraint condition expressions (1,2,3,4,7 and 8).
2. The method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the input data comprises waterway distances of the reservoirs from the estuary, dam bottom elevations and dam top elevations.
3. The method for optimally drawing the cascade reservoir hydraulic connection diagram according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the third step, according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line, considering the elevation of the dam crest, calling a graph drawing assembly, and drawing a gradient reservoir hydraulic connection diagram, wherein the concrete steps comprise:
according to the optimized gradient reservoir slope surface line, considering dam crest elevation ZnAnd calling the graph drawing component to draw the slope surface line of the cascade reservoir, the dam of the cascade reservoir and the water surface line of the reservoir, and finally forming the reservoir hydraulic connection graph of the whole watershed cascade.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106373030A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 华北电力大学 | Method and device for realizing optimization scheduling of watershed cascade hydropower station |
| CN106815656A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-06-09 | 华中科技大学 | Picture capturing method is dispatched in a kind of step reservoir accumulation of energy |
| CN107038151A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-08-11 | 贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司 | The step Optimized Operation drawing drawing method and dispatching method controlled based on accumulation of energy |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106373030A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 华北电力大学 | Method and device for realizing optimization scheduling of watershed cascade hydropower station |
| CN106815656A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-06-09 | 华中科技大学 | Picture capturing method is dispatched in a kind of step reservoir accumulation of energy |
| CN107038151A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-08-11 | 贵州乌江水电开发有限责任公司 | The step Optimized Operation drawing drawing method and dispatching method controlled based on accumulation of energy |
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