CN107807172B - Sound insulation measuring device and method for random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under pressurization condition - Google Patents

Sound insulation measuring device and method for random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under pressurization condition Download PDF

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CN107807172B
CN107807172B CN201710894116.8A CN201710894116A CN107807172B CN 107807172 B CN107807172 B CN 107807172B CN 201710894116 A CN201710894116 A CN 201710894116A CN 107807172 B CN107807172 B CN 107807172B
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刘永伟
张昊
商德江
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04Analysing solids
    • G01N29/09Analysing solids by measuring mechanical or acoustic impedance
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

The invention provides a sound insulation measuring device and a sound insulation measuring method of a random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under a pressurization condition. The device comprises a sound source chamber, a sample chamber and a receiving chamber, wherein the side part and the bottom of the sound source chamber are made of rectangular seamless steel pipes to form a plurality of frames, an inflatable air bag is arranged in the middle of each frame, the sample chamber is of a structure with hemispherical shells at two ends and a middle cylindrical section, a pressure-resistant vibration isolator is arranged between each hemispherical shell and each cylindrical section, the receiving chamber is made of rectangular seamless steel pipes to form a plurality of frames, the inflatable air bag is arranged in the middle of each frame, and the measuring method comprises the steps of checking the sound insulation coefficient of a water layer of the sample chamber and measuring the sound insulation coefficient of an underwater acoustic. The device and the method for measuring the sound insulation coefficient of the material under the pressurization condition in the national standard are supplemented, and the device and the method for measuring the sound insulation coefficient of the randomly incident acoustic covering layer under the pressurization condition only need to pressurize the acoustic covering layer without considering the pressurization design problem of the transmitting transducer and the hydrophone, so that the implementation process of the experiment is greatly simplified.

Description

Sound insulation measuring device and method for random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under pressurization condition
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sound insulation measuring device for an underwater acoustic covering layer. The invention also relates to a sound insulation measuring method of the underwater acoustic covering layer.
Background
At present, the sound insulation performance test of the structural material in the air forms international standard (ISO140-3) and national standard (GB/T19889.3-2005), and the standards specify the measurement device and the measurement method of the sound insulation performance, the measurement uncertainty evaluation and the like in detail. Since both standards are developed based on the reverberation method, in the implementation of experiments, a sound source chamber (reverberation chamber) and a receiving chamber (reverberation chamber or anechoic chamber) need to be constructed, and the measurement methods specified in both standards are performed under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure (1atm), which can only meet the sound insulation performance test requirement of an acoustic covering layer in the air because the sound insulation material in the air is rarely used in a pressurized environment.
For underwater acoustic coatings, the sound insulation performance under pressurized conditions is generally of concern, and the sound insulation performance under normal pressure is of little concern, due to the hydrostatic pressure. If the sound insulation performance measuring device of the underwater acoustic covering layer in the pressurized environment is established according to the national standard (GB/T19889.3-2005), when the design pressure is 3MPa, the wall thickness of a sound source chamber needs to reach the meter level, and even if steel is adopted, the thickness of the wall is not smaller than 800mm, so that the development cost is greatly increased, and therefore, the establishment of the sound insulation performance measuring device of the underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurized condition according to the national standard (GB/T19889.3-2005) is almost impossible.
The experimental measurement of the low-frequency sound insulation performance of the silencer is carried out in a water-filled pressure tank by a Tan student (the university of Harbin engineering, university of Harbin academic thesis 2010) under the theory and experimental research of the underwater low-frequency sound insulation characteristic, and the research of the inventor finds that the low-frequency sound coupling of the designed pressure tank is particularly serious, so that the measurement result of a near-field sound intensity measurement array is unreliable, and the sound insulation performance test under the random incidence condition is not involved.
A time reversal focusing measurement method (CN 105223271A) of the sound insulation quantity of an underwater sound passive material under the condition of limited space can inhibit the reverberation of a transmission signal in the sound insulation quantity measurement based on the space-time focusing characteristic of underwater sound time reversal, is suitable for solving the difficult problem of sound insulation quantity measurement of the passive material under the background of low-frequency strong reverberation, and notices the influence of the reverberation in a large pressure sound-deadening water tank on the sound insulation measurement without carrying out sound insulation performance measurement of a random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under a pressurization condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sound insulation measuring device of an underwater acoustic covering layer with random incidence under a pressurizing condition, which has a simple test process and is easier to implement. The invention also aims to provide a sound insulation measurement method of the random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurization condition.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a sound insulation measuring device of a random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under a pressurization condition, which comprises a sound source chamber, a sample chamber and a receiving chamber; the side part and the bottom of the sound source chamber are formed by a grid-shaped frame made of rectangular seamless steel pipes and an inflatable air bag arranged in the middle of the grid, the upper part of the sound source chamber is hollow, and the bottom of the sound source chamber is provided with trundles; the sample chamber comprises hemispherical shells positioned at two ends and a cylindrical section positioned in the middle, and pressure-resistant vibration isolators are respectively arranged between the two hemispherical shells and the cylindrical section; the side part and the bottom of the receiving chamber are formed by a grid-shaped frame made of rectangular seamless steel pipes and an inflatable air bag arranged in the middle of the grid, the upper part of the receiving chamber is hollow, and the bottom of the receiving chamber is provided with trundles; a mechanism capable of adjusting the distance is arranged between the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber, and the sample chamber is connected with the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber through waterproof rubber cloths.
The pressure-resistant vibration isolator is formed by combining thin spherical shells with different diameters, and inert gas is filled in the pressure-resistant vibration isolator.
The measuring method of the sound insulation measuring device of the random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurizing condition comprises the following steps:
step one, filling water into a sound source chamber, filling water into a sample chamber and filling water into a receiving chamber;
secondly, a transmitting transducer is placed in the sound source chamber to transmit single-frequency sine waves;
thirdly, adjusting the distance between the sample chamber and the sound source chamber to be integral multiple of the sound wave wavelength 1/4 according to the sound wave wavelength in the air corresponding to the frequency sine wave emitted by the transducer;
step four, pressurizing the sample chamber;
fifthly, respectively placing hydrophones in the sound source chamber and the sample chamber, measuring mean square sound pressure at different space points, and calculating radiation sound power W of the sound source chamber1Radiation sound power W of the receiving chamber2Selecting a water layer in the sample chamber, and evaluating the sound insulation coefficient according to the formula (1):
Figure GDA0002432915920000021
when the numerical value of the formula (1) is 0, performing the operation of the sixth step;
sixthly, placing an acoustic covering layer in the sample chamber, and respectively measuring the radiated acoustic power W of the sound source chamber at the moment according to the method of the fifth step3Radiation sound power W of the receiving chamber4Underwater soundThe sound insulation coefficient of the chemical covering layer is calculated according to the formula (2):
Figure GDA0002432915920000022
the calculated value of formula (2) is the sound insulation coefficient of the underwater acoustic covering layer when sound waves are randomly incident under different pressure conditions.
The sound insulation measuring device of the random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurization condition comprises a sound source chamber, a sample chamber and a receiving chamber, wherein the side part and the bottom of the sound source chamber are made of rectangular seamless steel pipes to form a plurality of frames, an inflatable air bag is arranged in the middle of each frame, the upper part of the sound source chamber is provided with air, the bottom of the sound source chamber is provided with trundles, the sample chamber is of a structure with hemispherical shells at two ends and a middle cylindrical section, a pressure-resistant vibration isolator is arranged between each hemispherical shell and the corresponding cylindrical section, the receiving chamber is made of rectangular seamless steel pipes to form a plurality of frames, the middle of each frame is provided with a pressurizing air bag, the upper part of the receiving chamber is provided with; a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber; the sample chamber is connected with the sound source chamber through waterproof rubber cloth; the sample chamber is connected with the receiving chamber through waterproof rubber cloth; the pressure-resistant vibration isolator is formed by combining thin spherical shells with different diameters, and high-pressure inert gas is filled inside the pressure-resistant vibration isolator.
The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber are both made of a frame and an inflatable air bag, the bag wall of the air bag is very thin, the acoustic interface formed by water, the bag wall and air is absolutely soft, and the sound energy of sound waves incident into the air through the bag wall is very little (about one in a thousand) so that most of the sound energy is reflected back to the space between the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber, thereby enabling the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber to be good reverberation chambers; secondly, the frame is made of seamless steel pipes, air is filled in the frame, the reflection capability of the frame to sound waves is strong, and the surface area of the frame is smaller than the total surface area of the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber, so that the sound energy leakage capability of the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber generated by the frame is limited; thirdly, the shell wall of the pressure-resistant vibration isolator made of the thin spherical shells with different apertures is very thin, and compared with the thickness of the cylindrical section of the sample chamber, the pressure-resistant vibration isolator is much smaller, so that the transmission capability of sound waves of the sound source chamber through the wall surface of the sample chamber can be well attenuated, and the sound waves of the sound source chamber can be transmitted to the receiving chamber only through water in the sample chamber;
the invention has the advantages that when the sample chamber is pressurized, the water in the sample chamber is pressurized water, and the water in the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber is normal pressure water, so that the problem of pressurization in the sound insulation performance test of the underwater acoustic covering layer is well solved, and the elastic modulus (10 ℃) of the water is 2.1 × 109That is, 2100MPa, the volume of water is reduced to 1/2100 for every 1MPa increase, so that the density of 1MPa water is only 0.8 per thousand greater than that of normal pressure water, the density of 2MPa water is 1.6 per thousand greater than that of normal pressure water, and the density of 3MPa water is 2.5 per thousand greater than that of normal pressure water; the sound velocity increases only by 1.75m/s for every 1MPa increase of water, and the acoustic reflection coefficient between normal pressure water and pressurized water due to impedance change under the pressure condition of 0-3MPa can be calculated by the formula (3):
Figure GDA0002432915920000031
where ρ is 1500, which is the sound velocity of water; c is 1000, which is the density of water; x is 0,1,2, 3; k is 0,0.0008,0.0016, 0.0025;
for example, when the pressure is 3MPa, sound waves in the sound source chamber are incident into the sample chamber, the reflection coefficient of the sound waves generated by the difference between the density and the speed of sound caused by the water pressure is only 0.00296, and the reflection coefficient of the sound waves is negligible, namely the reflection coefficient of the sound waves generated by the difference between the acoustic impedances of the sound source chamber and the sample chamber and between the sound sample chamber and the receiving chamber due to the increase of the pressure is negligible, so that the sound waves can be smoothly propagated from the sound source chamber to the sample chamber and then from the sample chamber to the receiving chamber, and the sound insulation performance measurement of the underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurization condition can be realized under the condition that only the sample chamber is pressurized; in addition, the sound insulation measuring device of the random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurization condition avoids the phenomenon of sound energy 'full transmission' in a common sound insulation wall by adjusting the distance between the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber, can enable the sound source chamber, the sample chamber and the receiving chamber to keep a good reverberation state, improves the signal-to-noise ratio of measurement, and enables the measurement data to be more reliable.
The invention has the advantages that: in the test, only the sample chamber is required to be pressurized, and the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber are not required to be pressurized, so that the pressurization design problem of the transmitting transducer and the receiving hydrophone is not required to be considered, and the pressurization design of the scanning structure of the hydrophone is also not required to be considered, so that the test process is greatly simplified, and the test is easier to implement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a sound isolation measurement device for a randomly incident underwater acoustic coating under pressurized conditions;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the source/receiving chamber;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the inflatable bladder and the frame;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the adjustment of the spacing between the source chamber and the receiving chamber;
FIG. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of an experimental system for measuring sound insulation performance of a randomly incident underwater acoustic covering under pressurization.
Detailed Description
The description of the invention figures 1-4 have the meaning of the respective reference numerals: 1 is a sound source chamber, 101 is a frame, 102 is an inflatable air bag, 1021 is a fixed frame, 1022 is a bolt, 103 is a universal caster, 104 is a universal caster, 105 is a flange, 106 is a distance adjusting mechanism, 107 is a distance adjusting mechanism, 2 is a receiving chamber, 201 is a frame, 202 is an inflatable air bag, 203 is a universal caster, 204 is a universal caster, 205 is a flange, 206 is a distance adjusting mechanism, 207 is a distance adjusting mechanism, 3 is a sample chamber, 31 is a flange, 32 is a flange, 33 is a flange, 34 is a flange, 35 is a pressure-resistant vibration isolator, 36 is an acoustic covering layer clamping mechanism, 37 is an acoustic covering layer clamping mechanism, 38 is a water drain valve, 39 is a water inlet pressurizing valve, 310 is a steel cable, 311 is a steel cable, 4 is waterproof rubber cloth, 41 is a flange, 42 is a flange, 5 is a lead screw, 51 is a nut with a handle, and 52 is a nut with a handle, wherein the meaning of each reference mark in the attached figure 5 of the specification is as follows: 6 is a signal source, 7 is a power amplifier, 8 is a data acquisition unit, 9 is a transmitting transducer, 10 is a hydrophone and 11 is a hydrophone.
The sound insulation measuring device and the sound insulation measuring method of the random incidence underwater acoustic covering layer under the pressurizing condition are described in detail by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
The sound source chamber 1 is a frame 101 made of stainless steel pipes with rectangular sections, a hole is formed at the edge of each frame 101 and is tapped, the inflatable air bag 102 is a square structure with the outer surface made of fiber cloth and the inner surface made of white silicon rubber, an inflation/deflation valve is arranged on the outer surface of the inflatable air bag 102, a through hole is formed at the edge of the inflatable air bag 102, the inflatable air bag 102 can be fixed on the frame 101 by using a fixing frame 1021 and a bolt 1022 (M6), so that the bottom surface and four side surfaces of the sound source chamber 1 are manufactured, a round window is formed on one side surface of the sound source chamber 1, a flange 105 is arranged on the edge of the window, universal casters 103 and 104 (the other two universal casters, not shown in figure 1) are respectively arranged at the four bottom corners of the sound source chamber 1, and a distance adjusting mechanism 106 and a distance adjusting mechanism 107 are arranged near the bottom corners of the side surfaces of the window of.
The receiving chamber 2 is a frame 201 made of stainless steel pipes with rectangular cross sections, a hole is formed at the edge of each frame and a thread is tapped, the inflatable air bag 202 is a square structure with the outer surface made of fiber cloth and the inner surface made of white silicon rubber, an inflation/deflation valve is arranged on the outer surface of the inflatable air bag 202, a through hole is formed at the edge of the inflatable air bag 202, the inflatable air bag 202 can be fixed on the frame 201 by using a fixing frame 1021 and a bolt 1022 (M6), so that the bottom surface and four side surfaces of the receiving chamber 2 are manufactured, a round window is formed on one side surface of the receiving chamber, a flange 205 is arranged at the edge of the window, universal casters 203 and 204 (the other two universal casters are not shown) are respectively arranged at the four bottom corners of the receiving chamber 2, and a distance adjusting mechanism 206 and a distance adjusting mechanism 207 are arranged near the bottom corner of the side surface of the windowing of.
The middle of the sample chamber 3 is a cylindrical section, two ends of the sample chamber are hemispherical shell structures, the diameter of the hemispherical shell is 1500mm, the thickness of the hemispherical shell cannot be lower than 6.2mm according to the calculation of the thickness of the spherical shell specified in the design standard (GB150.3-2011) of a pressure container, the thickness of the spherical shell in the embodiment is 8mm, a flange 31 and a flange 32 are welded on the hemispherical shell, through holes are formed in the flange 31 and the flange 32, the thickness of the cylindrical section specified in the design standard (GB150.3-2011) of the pressure container is calculated, the thickness of the cylindrical section cannot be lower than 12.5mm when the internal pressure of the cylindrical section is 3MPa, the thickness of the cylindrical section in the embodiment is 15mm, the cylindrical section is divided into two parts, one part is welded with the flange 33, the other part is welded with the flange 34, the flange 33 and the flange 34 are both provided with through holes, a pressure-resistant vibration isolator 35 is formed by precisely welding two spherical shells together, the diameters of the two spherical shells are respectively 30mm and 50mm, the thicknesses of the two spherical shells are both 1mm, 3MPa argon gas is filled in the two spherical shells, the two spherical shells are welded between the hemispherical shell and the cylindrical section, the acoustic covering layer clamping mechanism 36 and the acoustic covering layer clamping mechanism 37 are of circular ring structures and used for fixing an acoustic covering layer used for testing, the bottom of the sample chamber 3 is provided with a water drain valve 38, the top of the sample chamber 3 is provided with a water inlet pressurization valve 39, and the top of the sample chamber 3 is wound with a steel cable 310 and a steel cable 311 and used for hoisting the sample chamber 3.
The waterproof rubber cloth 4 is a micro-elastic plastic cloth with flanges 41 and 42 at two ends, a silica gel pad is filled between the flange 41 and the flange 31 and is fixed by bolts and nuts, a silica gel pad is filled between the flange 42 and the flange 105 and is fixed by the bolts and the nuts, one end of the sample chamber 3 is connected with the sound source chamber 1at the moment, the process is repeated, and the other end of the sample chamber 3 is connected with the receiving chamber 2.
One end of the screw 5 passes through the distance adjusting mechanism 106 of the sound source chamber 1, the nut 51 with a handle is screwed to one end of the screw 5, the other end of the screw 5 passes through the distance adjusting mechanism 206 of the receiving chamber 2, and the nut 52 with a handle is screwed to the other end of the screw 5.
Water is filled in the sound source chamber 1, water is filled in the receiving chamber 2, water is filled in the sample chamber 3, the transmitting transducer 9 and the hydrophone 10 are placed in the sound source chamber 1, a signal source 6 (type: Agilent33220) outputs a single-frequency sinusoidal signal, the frequency is 1000Hz, the signal is connected to the transmitting transducer 9 after passing through a power amplifier 7 (type: B & K2713), the hydrophone 11 is placed in the receiving chamber 2, the hydrophone 10 and the hydrophone 11 are connected with a data collector 8 (type: B & K3660), a nut 52 with a handle is rotated, the distance between the sound source chamber 1 and the receiving chamber 2 is adjusted to be 42.5cm, and at the moment, the distance corresponds to five times of one quarter of the wavelength (34cm) of 1000Hz sound waves in the air; then, the sound pressures in the sound source chamber 1 and the sound receiving chamber 2 are respectively measured by the hydrophone 10 and the hydrophone 11 by adopting a space averaging technology, after data processing, the sound insulation coefficient of the water layer in the sample chamber 3 at the moment is calculated by a formula (1), the sound insulation coefficient of the water layer at the moment is the sound insulation coefficient under normal pressure, then, the water in the sample chamber 3 is pressurized by the water inlet pressurizing valve 39, and according to the process, the sound insulation coefficient when the sound waves randomly enter the water layer in the sample chamber 3 under different pressure conditions can be measured and obtained.
The sound insulation coefficient of the acoustic covering layer under different pressure conditions when the acoustic covering layer is randomly incident can be obtained by placing the acoustic covering layer in the sample chamber 3 and repeating the process, so that the sound insulation performance of the underwater acoustic covering layer can be evaluated.

Claims (3)

1. A sound insulation measuring device of an underwater acoustic covering layer with random incidence under a pressurization condition comprises a sound source chamber, a sample chamber and a receiving chamber; the method is characterized in that: the side part and the bottom of the sound source chamber are formed by a grid-shaped frame made of rectangular seamless steel pipes and an inflatable air bag arranged in the middle of the grid, the upper part of the sound source chamber is open, and the bottom of the sound source chamber is provided with trundles; the sample chamber comprises hemispherical shells at two ends and a cylindrical section in the middle, pressure-resistant vibration isolators are respectively arranged between the two hemispherical shells and the cylindrical section, the cylindrical section is divided into two sections, an acoustic covering layer clamping mechanism is arranged in an external welding flange at the boundary of the two sections, the acoustic covering layer clamping mechanism is of a circular structure, a water drain valve is installed at the bottom of the sample chamber, and a water inlet pressurizing valve is installed at the top of the sample chamber; the side part and the bottom of the receiving chamber are formed by a grid-shaped frame made of rectangular seamless steel pipes and an inflatable air bag arranged in the middle of the grid, the upper part of the receiving chamber is open, and the bottom of the receiving chamber is provided with trundles; a mechanism capable of adjusting the distance is arranged between the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber, and the sample chamber is connected with the sound source chamber and the receiving chamber through waterproof rubber cloths.
2. The acoustic measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the acoustic measurement apparatus is configured to measure acoustic noise incident on the underwater acoustic coating at random under pressure: the pressure-resistant vibration isolator is formed by combining thin spherical shells with different diameters, and inert gas is filled in the pressure-resistant vibration isolator.
3. A method of measuring a sound insulation measuring device based on the randomly incident underwater acoustic coating under pressure of claim 1, wherein:
step one, filling water into a sound source chamber, filling water into a sample chamber and filling water into a receiving chamber;
secondly, a transmitting transducer is placed in the sound source chamber to transmit single-frequency sine waves;
thirdly, adjusting the distance between the sample chamber and the sound source chamber to be integral multiple of the sound wave wavelength 1/4 according to the sound wave wavelength in the air corresponding to the frequency sine wave emitted by the transducer;
step four, pressurizing the sample chamber;
fifthly, respectively placing hydrophones in the sound source chamber and the sample chamber, measuring mean square sound pressure at different space points, and calculating radiation sound power W of the sound source chamber1Radiation sound power W of the receiving chamber2Selecting a water layer in the sample chamber, and evaluating the sound insulation coefficient according to the formula (1):
Figure FDA0002432915910000011
when the numerical value of the formula (1) is 0, performing the operation of the sixth step;
sixthly, placing an acoustic covering layer in the sample chamber, and respectively measuring the radiated acoustic power W of the sound source chamber at the moment according to the method of the fifth step3Radiation sound power W of the receiving chamber4The sound insulation coefficient of the underwater acoustic covering layer is calculated according to the formula (2):
Figure FDA0002432915910000012
the calculated value of formula (2) is the sound insulation coefficient of the underwater acoustic covering layer when sound waves are randomly incident under different pressure conditions.
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CN109991590B (en) * 2019-02-21 2021-02-02 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 System and method for testing low-frequency emission characteristic of transducer in pressure tank in limited space
CN111189928A (en) * 2020-01-09 2020-05-22 哈尔滨工程大学 Sound insulation measuring device and method for measuring plate-shaped component in reverberation sound insulation pool
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