CN108562649A - A kind of device and method measuring approximately level cylindrical shell backing coating low frequency insertion loss - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失的装置及方法，属于声学测量领域。The invention relates to a device and method for measuring the low-frequency insertion loss of the backing covering layer of a cylindrical shell near the water surface, and belongs to the field of acoustic measurement.
背景技术Background technique
目前，在评价低频段声学覆盖层的声学性能，特别是插入损失时，一般将声学覆盖层粘贴在单层圆柱壳或双层圆柱壳的外表面，利用水听器组成一个垂直阵，通过旋转圆柱壳，使得垂直阵相对圆柱壳扫描形成一个柱形包络面，或者利用垂直阵直线扫描形成两个平行平面，采用均方声压法计算圆柱壳、以及圆柱壳贴敷声学覆盖层后的辐射声功率，通过对两者的辐射声功率进行对数运算得到插入损失(见谭学者，水下低频隔声特性理论与实验研究，哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文，2010年)。At present, when evaluating the acoustic performance of the low-frequency acoustic covering, especially the insertion loss, the acoustic covering is generally pasted on the outer surface of a single-layer cylindrical shell or a double-layer cylindrical shell, and a vertical array is formed by hydrophones. Cylindrical shell, so that the vertical array scans the cylindrical shell to form a cylindrical envelope surface, or uses the vertical array linear scan to form two parallel planes, uses the mean square sound pressure method to calculate the cylindrical shell, and the cylindrical shell after the acoustic coating is applied Radiated sound power, the insertion loss is obtained by performing logarithmic calculation on the two radiated sound powers (see Scholar Tan, Theoretical and Experimental Research on Underwater Low-Frequency Sound Insulation Characteristics, Harbin Engineering University Master's Degree Thesis, 2010).
随着研究的深入，现在的圆柱壳模型越来越大，缩比率由原来的1:5变为1:3，以至成为1:1，圆柱壳的尺寸由长2m、直径1m，逐步演变成为长30m、直径5m，总质量由0.5t逐步变为100t。在这种条件下，旋转圆柱壳而形成相对的柱形包络面是几乎不可能的！加之垂直阵的尺寸和重量均随着测试频率的降低而增大，使得移动垂直阵非常费力，耗费时间太长。With the deepening of research, the current cylindrical shell model is getting bigger and bigger, and the reduction ratio has changed from 1:5 to 1:3, and even to 1:1. The size of the cylindrical shell has gradually evolved from 2m in length and 1m in diameter to The length is 30m, the diameter is 5m, and the total mass gradually changes from 0.5t to 100t. Under these conditions, it is almost impossible to rotate a cylindrical shell to form an opposite cylindrical envelope! In addition, the size and weight of the vertical array increase as the test frequency decreases, making moving the vertical array very laborious and time-consuming.
当圆柱壳的频率很低，特别是当圆柱壳的最大尺度仅为其辐射声波对应波长的二分之一时，此时圆柱壳辐射噪声的指向性(正横或垂直方向)近似为圆形，这使得利用均方声压法乘以球面面积得到的辐射声功率量级，与单点的辐射声压量级近乎相等。圆柱壳辐射噪声的这种特性表明：如果能够精确地测量某特定位置处一至两点的辐射声压级，则能够表征圆柱壳的辐射声功率级，进而能够计算声学覆盖层的插入损失。When the frequency of the cylindrical shell is very low, especially when the largest scale of the cylindrical shell is only one-half of the corresponding wavelength of the radiated sound wave, the directivity (horizontal or vertical direction) of the radiated noise of the cylindrical shell is approximately circular , which makes the radiated sound power level obtained by multiplying the spherical area by the mean square sound pressure method nearly equal to the radiated sound pressure level of a single point. This characteristic of the radiated noise of the cylindrical shell shows that if the radiated sound pressure level at one or two points at a specific position can be accurately measured, the radiated sound power level of the cylindrical shell can be characterized, and the insertion loss of the acoustic covering can be calculated.
但是，在测量圆柱壳外某特定点处的辐射声压时，存在的最大问题就是如何实现水听器的精确定位。目前，要实现水听器测量特定点的辐射声压，主要有两种方法：一是将水听器捆绑在伸缩性极小的线绳上，做好距离标记，一端挂配重，利用重力作用拉直水听器实现测量；二是将水听器捆绑在各种杆(例如钢杆、铝杆、塑料杆等)上来实现测量。第一种方法存在的问题是：首先，线绳上的距离标记是在空气中完成的，当线绳入水后，伸缩性会发生变化，使得深度标记发生偏差；其次，收放配重的过程中，若收放线绳与水听器电缆的操作不当，造成电缆用力，进而易拉裂、乃至拉断水听器的电缆线；第二种方法存在的问题是：捆绑水听器的各种杆与水听器的声接收部位太近，声波入射至杆产生的散射信号会影响水听器的接收声信号，而且当杆的尺寸太大时，同样存在杆易变形问题，造成定位误差。However, when measuring the radiated sound pressure at a specific point outside the cylindrical shell, the biggest problem is how to realize the precise positioning of the hydrophone. At present, there are two main methods to measure the radiated sound pressure of a specific point with a hydrophone: one is to bind the hydrophone to a very small stretchable wire, mark the distance, hang a counterweight at one end, and use gravity The function is to straighten the hydrophone to realize the measurement; the second is to bind the hydrophone to various rods (such as steel rods, aluminum rods, plastic rods, etc.) to realize the measurement. The problems with the first method are: firstly, the distance mark on the line is completed in the air, and when the line enters the water, the stretchability will change, causing the depth mark to deviate; secondly, the process of retracting and releasing the counterweight Among them, if the operation of retracting and releasing the wire rope and the hydrophone cable is improper, the cable will be forced, and the cable of the hydrophone will be easily pulled apart or even broken; If the rod is too close to the sound receiving part of the hydrophone, the scattering signal generated by the incident sound wave on the rod will affect the receiving sound signal of the hydrophone. Moreover, when the size of the rod is too large, there is also the problem that the rod is easily deformed, resulting in positioning errors.
在“水面战斗舰艇系泊和航行试验规程：水下辐射噪声测量(GJB350.11-87)”和“声学：水下噪声测量(GB/T5265-2009)”中，只规定了水听器与舰艇之间的距离，并未给出水听器在水下定位的方法。In "Surface Combat Ship Mooring and Navigation Test Regulations: Measurement of Underwater Radiated Noise (GJB350.11-87)" and "Acoustics: Measurement of Underwater Noise (GB/T5265-2009)", only hydrophones and The distance between ships does not give a method for positioning the hydrophone underwater.
因此，目前还未有较好的近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失的测量装置及测量方法。Therefore, there is no better measuring device and method for measuring the low-frequency insertion loss of the backing layer of the cylindrical shell near the water surface.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了提供一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失的装置及方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for measuring the low-frequency insertion loss of the backing covering layer of a cylindrical shell near the water surface.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：包括绞车、钢丝绳、环型架、支杆、挂载、增压泵、圆柱壳、水听器，环型架设置在圆柱壳外且在二者之间还设置有气垫，所述环型架的圆形横截面与圆柱壳的圆形横截面垂直，钢丝绳的一端缠绕在绞车上、另一端穿过环型架与挂在连接，所述钢丝绳下段外设置有支杆，在支杆外表面设置有水听器，挂载上的气孔通过气管与增压泵连接。The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this: comprise winch, steel wire rope, ring frame, pole, mount, booster pump, cylindrical shell, hydrophone, ring frame is arranged on the outside of cylindrical shell and between the two An air cushion is provided, the circular cross-section of the ring frame is perpendicular to the circular cross-section of the cylindrical shell, one end of the wire rope is wound on the winch, the other end passes through the ring frame and is connected to the hanger, and the lower section of the steel wire rope is set outside There is a strut, and a hydrophone is arranged on the outer surface of the strut, and the air hole on the mount is connected with the booster pump through the air pipe.
本发明还包括这样一些结构特征：The present invention also includes such structural features:
1.所述挂载由下至上依次包括前部、中部和后部，所述前部是实心半球，在实心半球的水平上端设置有由通孔构成的进流栅，进流栅的中心位置设置有圆洞，所述中部是圆柱形结构且圆柱形结构下端为开设通孔的实心倒圆锥结构，在实心倒圆锥结构的水平端设置有整流栅，所述实心倒圆锥结构内设置有活塞，且活塞是由上至下依次连接的圆柱、倒圆台、圆锥和半球构成的“不倒翁”结构，在活塞的圆锥部分的外表面与实心倒圆锥接触的内表面之间设置有密封圈，所述后部是空心的倒圆锥结构，且在空心的倒圆锥结构的表面上设置有流道，挂载上的气孔设置在空心的倒圆锥结构上。1. The mount includes a front part, a middle part and a rear part from bottom to top. The front part is a solid hemisphere, and an inlet grid composed of through holes is arranged at the horizontal upper end of the solid hemisphere. The center position of the inlet grid is A round hole is provided, the middle part is a cylindrical structure and the lower end of the cylindrical structure is a solid inverted conical structure with a through hole, a rectifying grid is arranged at the horizontal end of the solid inverted conical structure, and a piston is arranged in the solid inverted conical structure , and the piston is a "tumbler" structure composed of cylinders, inverted cones, cones and hemispheres connected in sequence from top to bottom. A sealing ring is arranged between the outer surface of the conical part of the piston and the inner surface in contact with the solid inverted cone. The rear part is a hollow inverted cone structure, and a flow channel is arranged on the surface of the hollow inverted cone structure, and the air holes on the mount are arranged on the hollow inverted cone structure.
2.所述环型架包括相互连接的环型架上部和环型架下部，且环型架下部的外侧设置有圆管，所述钢丝绳穿过环型架是指穿过所述圆管。2. The ring frame includes an upper part of the ring frame and a lower part of the ring frame connected to each other, and a round pipe is arranged on the outside of the lower part of the ring frame, and the wire rope passing through the ring frame means passing through the round pipe.
3.所述气垫是由内袋和外袋组成的填充气袋，其位置设置在环型架上部与圆柱壳之间。3. The air cushion is an air-filled bag composed of an inner bag and an outer bag, and its position is set between the upper part of the ring frame and the cylindrical shell.
4.一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失的方法，包括任意一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失的装置，步骤如下：4. A method for measuring the low-frequency insertion loss of the backing coating of a cylindrical shell near the water surface, comprising any device for measuring the low-frequency insertion loss of the backing coating of a cylindrical shell near the water surface, the steps are as follows:
第一步：以环型架中心作为圆柱壳的“等效”声中心，将水听器放置于测试频率所对应的1/2倍波长距离处；The first step: take the center of the ring frame as the "equivalent" acoustic center of the cylindrical shell, and place the hydrophone at a distance of 1/2 times the wavelength corresponding to the test frequency;
第二步，以一定的间隔L1、L2、L3，…让水听器远离圆柱壳，并记录此时水听器的声压信号P1、P2、P3，…，按照球面波的扩展规律，考察声压随距离的变化是否满足1/r定律，其中，r为距离；The second step is to keep the hydrophone away from the cylindrical shell at a certain interval L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , ... and record the sound pressure signals P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , ... of the hydrophone at this time, according to the spherical Wave expansion law, to investigate whether the change of sound pressure with distance satisfies the 1/r law, where r is the distance;
第三步，若声压随距离的变化满足1/r定律，则将水听器放置于测试频率所对应的1/2倍波长距离处，记录此时圆柱壳的辐射声压Pc；In the third step, if the change of sound pressure with distance satisfies the 1/r law, place the hydrophone at a distance of 1/2 times the wavelength corresponding to the test frequency, and record the radiated sound pressure P c of the cylindrical shell at this time;
第四步，继续测试声学覆盖层贴敷在圆柱壳表面的辐射声压Pv，则声学覆盖层的插入损失为：The fourth step is to continue to test the radiated sound pressure P v of the acoustic covering layer attached to the surface of the cylindrical shell, then the insertion loss of the acoustic covering layer is:
TL＝-20lg(Pv/Pc)TL＝-20lg(P v /P c )
第五步，若声压随距离的变化不满足1/r定律，则需将水听器放置于测试频率对应的1倍波长距离处，重复上述过程。In the fifth step, if the change of sound pressure with distance does not satisfy the 1/r law, the hydrophone needs to be placed at a distance of 1 times the wavelength corresponding to the test frequency, and the above process is repeated.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明的测量装置的优点在于：首先，采用钢丝绳作为测试过程中移动水听器的工具，延展性极小，但强度大，钢丝绳的直径小，则对低频声波的散射能力弱，由此产生的散射声波对水听器声信号的干扰可以忽略；其次，采用“气囊”结构实现挂载的上浮和下沉，可大大减小拉力负担，避免以往在收放配重的过程中导致的水听器电缆拉裂、水听器头部折断等现象，该“气囊”以金属材质作为支撑边界，能够避免常规方法中所采用的橡胶气囊因上浮过程中内外压力差的变化所导致的橡胶膜胀裂现象；再次，挂载的前部为半球，在吊放过程中，能够很好地增加阻力，挂载后部外表面的流道能够对挂载下落过程中产生的流动进行整流，减少紊流的产生，以避免紊流所造成水听器的电缆线缠绕、打结；最后，采用环型架和气垫作为悬挂水听器的支撑结构，虽然会给圆柱壳带来一定的额外质量负载，但是由于圆柱壳的质量远远大于环型架的质量，其质量负载效应可以忽略；此外，在试验测试中，圆柱壳辐射噪声的产生一般采用间谐力激励，环型架与圆柱壳之间的气垫，作为一种良好的隔振介质，使得圆柱壳表面的振动不会传递至环型架，因此，很好隔离了圆柱壳的激励响应对环型架、钢丝绳、支杆和水听器的影响，这为近水面圆柱壳的减振设计提供了一种思路。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the advantages of the measuring device of the present invention are: firstly, the steel wire rope is used as a tool for moving the hydrophone in the testing process, the ductility is extremely small, but the strength is large, and the diameter of the steel wire rope is small , the ability to scatter low-frequency sound waves is weak, and the resulting scattered sound waves can negligibly interfere with the acoustic signal of the hydrophone; secondly, the "airbag" structure is used to realize the floating and sinking of the mount, which can greatly reduce the burden of tension. To avoid the cracking of the hydrophone cable and the breakage of the hydrophone head during the process of retracting and retracting the counterweight in the past, the "airbag" uses a metal material as the supporting boundary, which can avoid the rubber airbag used in the conventional method. The phenomenon of rubber membrane swelling and cracking caused by the change of internal and external pressure difference during the floating process; again, the front part of the mount is a hemisphere, which can increase the resistance well during the lifting process, and the flow channel on the outer surface of the mount rear can Rectify the flow generated during the drop of the mount to reduce the generation of turbulence, so as to avoid the entanglement and knotting of the cables of the hydrophone caused by turbulence; finally, the ring frame and air cushion are used as the support for the suspension of the hydrophone Although the structure will bring some additional mass load to the cylindrical shell, since the mass of the cylindrical shell is much larger than that of the ring frame, the mass load effect can be ignored; in addition, in the test test, the radiation noise of the cylindrical shell Generally, interharmonic force excitation is used, and the air cushion between the ring frame and the cylindrical shell is used as a good vibration isolation medium, so that the vibration on the surface of the cylindrical shell will not be transmitted to the ring frame, so the vibration of the cylindrical shell is well isolated. The influence of the excitation response on the ring frame, steel wire rope, strut and hydrophone provides a way of thinking for the vibration reduction design of the cylindrical shell near the water surface.
本发明的测量方法提出了近水面圆柱壳辐射噪声的远场判据，当圆柱壳近水面放置时，受到界面反射的影响，组成了一个偶极子声源，偶极子声源在近场的辐射声压随距离按照反平方率进行衰减；只有到了远场，才按照距离的负一次方定律衰减；本发明给出的定义如下：若圆柱壳的辐射声压在1/2倍波长处满足球面波扩展规律，则采用1/2倍波长作为远场条件；若1/2倍波长处辐射声压不满足球面波扩展规律，则采用1倍波长作为远场条件。The measurement method of the present invention proposes the far-field criterion of the radiation noise of the cylindrical shell near the water surface. When the cylindrical shell is placed near the water surface, it is affected by the reflection of the interface and forms a dipole sound source. The dipole sound source is in the near field. The radiated sound pressure attenuates according to the inverse square ratio with the distance; only when it reaches the far field, it attenuates according to the negative power law of the distance; the definition given by the present invention is as follows: if the radiated sound pressure of the cylindrical shell is at 1/2 times the wavelength If the law of spherical wave expansion is satisfied, 1/2 times the wavelength is used as the far-field condition; if the radiated sound pressure at 1/2 times the wavelength is not satisfied with the law of spherical wave expansion, 1 times the wavelength is used as the far-field condition.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层插入损失的装置整体框图；Figure 1 is an overall block diagram of a device for measuring the insertion loss of the backing coating of a cylindrical shell near the water surface;
图2是一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层插入损失的装置的剖面图；Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a device for measuring the insertion loss of the backing coating of a cylindrical shell near the water surface;
图3是挂载结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure;
图4是一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层插入损失的方法流程图；Fig. 4 is a kind of flow chart of the method for measuring the insertion loss of the backing covering layer of the cylindrical shell near the water surface;
其中：1为绞车、2为钢丝绳、3为环型架、31为环型架上部、32为环型架下部、33为圆管、34为法兰、35为法兰、36为螺栓、37为螺母、38为法兰、39为法兰、310为螺栓、311为螺母、4为气垫、5为支杆、51为销、52为销、6为挂载、61为气孔、62为流道、63为后部、64为中部、65为前部、66为进流栅、67为活塞、68为密封圈、69为整流栅、610为钢圈、7为气管、8为增压泵、9为圆柱壳、10为水听器、11为水面。Among them: 1 is the winch, 2 is the wire rope, 3 is the ring frame, 31 is the upper part of the ring frame, 32 is the lower part of the ring frame, 33 is the round pipe, 34 is the flange, 35 is the flange, 36 is the bolt, 37 38 is a flange, 39 is a flange, 310 is a bolt, 311 is a nut, 4 is an air cushion, 5 is a strut, 51 is a pin, 52 is a pin, 6 is a mount, 61 is an air hole, 62 is a flow 63 is the rear part, 64 is the middle part, 65 is the front part, 66 is the inlet grid, 67 is the piston, 68 is the sealing ring, 69 is the rectification grid, 610 is the steel ring, 7 is the air pipe, and 8 is the booster pump , 9 is a cylindrical shell, 10 is a hydrophone, and 11 is a water surface.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
结合图1至图4，本发明的一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层插入损失的装置，包括绞车1、钢丝绳2、环型架3、气垫4、支杆5、挂载6、气管7、增压泵8、圆柱壳9、水听器10，绞车1连接钢丝绳2的一端，钢丝绳2的另一端穿过环型架3与挂载6连接，环型架3安装在圆柱壳9的外面，气垫4放置在环型架3与圆柱壳9的上表面之间，支杆5固定在钢丝绳2的底部，挂载6的一端连接钢丝绳2的底端，挂载6的气孔61连接气管7，气管7的另一端连接增压泵8，圆柱壳9近水面放置，水听器10固定在支杆5上；With reference to Figures 1 to 4, a device for measuring the insertion loss of the backing covering layer of a cylindrical shell near the water surface according to the present invention includes a winch 1, a steel wire rope 2, an annular frame 3, an air cushion 4, a support rod 5, a mount 6, and a trachea 7. The booster pump 8, the cylindrical shell 9, the hydrophone 10, the winch 1 is connected to one end of the wire rope 2, the other end of the wire rope 2 passes through the ring frame 3 and is connected to the mount 6, and the ring frame 3 is installed on the cylindrical shell 9 outside of the outside, the air cushion 4 is placed between the ring frame 3 and the upper surface of the cylindrical shell 9, the pole 5 is fixed on the bottom of the wire rope 2, one end of the mounting 6 is connected to the bottom of the wire rope 2, and the air hole 61 of the mounting 6 is connected to The air pipe 7, the other end of the air pipe 7 is connected to the booster pump 8, the cylindrical shell 9 is placed near the water surface, and the hydrophone 10 is fixed on the pole 5;
绞车1的型号为CDL1200，手摇绞盘自锁式绞车，最大承载重量544kg；The model of winch 1 is CDL1200, a hand winch self-locking winch with a maximum load capacity of 544kg;
钢丝绳2的型号为304不锈钢钢丝绳，1.5mm直径，最大承载重量167kg；The type of wire rope 2 is 304 stainless steel wire rope with a diameter of 1.5mm and a maximum load capacity of 167kg;
环型架3由两部分组成：环型架上部31和环型架下部32，在环型架下部32的外面有一个圆管33，环型架3的内径稍大于圆柱壳9的外径，环型架上部31与圆柱壳9之间采用气垫4进行隔振，且环型架上部31的宽度略大于环型架下部32的宽度；在环型架上部31的两端有法兰35和法兰39，在环型架下部32的两端有法兰34和法兰38，利用螺栓36和螺母37可将法兰34和法兰35紧固，利用螺栓310和螺栓311可将法兰38和法兰39紧固，进而组成环型架3；The ring frame 3 is made up of two parts: the ring frame top 31 and the ring frame bottom 32, there is a round pipe 33 outside the ring frame bottom 32, the inner diameter of the ring frame 3 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical shell 9, The air cushion 4 is used for vibration isolation between the upper part 31 of the annular frame and the cylindrical shell 9, and the width of the upper part 31 of the annular frame is slightly larger than the width of the lower part 32 of the annular frame; there are flanges 35 and Flange 39 has flange 34 and flange 38 at the two ends of the lower part 32 of the ring frame, flange 34 and flange 35 can be fastened by bolt 36 and nut 37, and flange 34 and flange 35 can be fastened by bolt 310 and bolt 311. 38 and flange 39 are fastened to form ring frame 3;
气垫4为填充气袋，外袋为牛皮纸加PP编织丝复合，内袋为PE加尼龙共挤膜，敷设于圆柱壳9的外表面，用于支撑环型架上部31；The air cushion 4 is a filled air bag, the outer bag is made of kraft paper and PP braided silk, and the inner bag is made of PE and nylon co-extruded film, which is laid on the outer surface of the cylindrical shell 9 to support the upper part 31 of the ring frame;
支杆5是由碳纤维板切割制成的内圆外方结构，内径为2mm，在碳纤维板的外部有卡扣，用于安装水听器10，钢丝绳2穿过支杆5，支杆5由两端的销51和销52固定在钢丝绳2的底端；The strut 5 is an inner circle and an outer square structure cut from a carbon fiber plate, with an inner diameter of 2mm. There is a buckle on the outside of the carbon fiber plate for installing the hydrophone 10. The steel wire rope 2 passes through the strut 5, and the strut 5 is formed by Pin 51 and pin 52 at two ends are fixed on the bottom of steel wire rope 2;
挂载6由后部63、中部64和前部65组成，均由不锈钢制成；其中，前部65是实心半球，在半球的后端开有通孔，形成进流栅66，在进流栅66的中心开设圆洞，在半球的尾端表面处攻设螺纹；中部64是一圆柱形结构(在中部的内部有活塞、整流栅)，一端为开设通孔的实心倒圆锥，在倒圆锥的底端安装并固定整流栅69，活塞67为中空结构，且活塞下面为实心的半球，中间为倒圆台，上面为圆锥，在圆锥的上端为圆柱，类似一个“不倒翁”结构，在活塞67的外侧开槽，安装密封圈68，中部64的两端均攻设螺纹；后部63为空心的倒圆锥，在其外表面有流道62，侧面有气孔61，在后部63的前端攻设螺纹。整流栅中间开有通孔，活塞顶端的圆柱可灵活穿过整流栅的通孔，活塞在水中的浮力大于其重力；在挂载后部的外表面有流道，在挂载后部的尾端有圆圈。挂载入水之前，连接好气管和增压泵，进行加压，此时活塞切断了进流栅与挂载中部和后部之间的连接通道，使得挂载内部形成一个类似“气囊”结构，此时用较小的力量就可将钢丝绳、挂载、气管和支杆放入水中；然后，增压泵泄压，活塞上浮，水通过进流栅进入挂载内部，挂载的重量开始增加，逐渐将钢丝绳和支杆拉直；此后，若将挂载取出，则增压泵开始工作，通过气管往挂载内部充气，随着内部水位的降低，活塞受到的浮力减小，活塞在重力作用下下沉，在气体的加压作用下，封闭进流栅与挂载中部和后部之间的连接通道，重新形成一个“气囊”结构，能够减少挂载在水中的重量，用较小的力量就可将挂载提至水面。Mount 6 is made up of rear part 63, middle part 64 and front part 65, all is made of stainless steel; The center of grid 66 offers circular hole, taps thread at the end surface place of hemisphere; Middle part 64 is a cylindrical structure (piston, rectifying grid are arranged in the inside of middle part), and one end is the solid inverted cone that offers through hole, in inverted The bottom end of the cone is installed and fixed with a rectifier grid 69, the piston 67 is a hollow structure, and the bottom of the piston is a solid hemisphere, the middle is a rounded table, the top is a cone, and the upper end of the cone is a cylinder, similar to a "tumbler" structure. The outer side of 67 is grooved, sealing ring 68 is installed, and the two ends of middle part 64 are all tapped and set thread; Rear part 63 is the hollow inverted cone, has runner 62 on its outer surface, and air hole 61 is arranged on the side, at the front end of rear part 63 Tapping thread. There is a through hole in the middle of the rectifying grid, and the cylinder at the top of the piston can flexibly pass through the through hole of the rectifying grid. The buoyancy of the piston in the water is greater than its gravity; There is a circle at the end. Before the mount enters the water, connect the air pipe and the booster pump to pressurize. At this time, the piston cuts off the connection channel between the inlet grille and the middle and rear of the mount, forming a structure similar to an "air bag" inside the mount. At this time, the steel wire rope, mount, air pipe and support rod can be put into the water with a small force; then, the booster pump releases pressure, the piston floats up, the water enters the mount through the inlet grille, and the weight of the mount begins to increase, and gradually straighten the wire rope and the pole; after that, if the mount is taken out, the booster pump will start to work and inflate the mount through the air pipe. As the internal water level decreases, the buoyancy of the piston will decrease, and the piston will It sinks under the action of gravity, and under the pressure of the gas, the connection channel between the inlet grille and the middle and rear parts of the mount is closed, and an "airbag" structure is re-formed, which can reduce the weight of the mount in the water, and use less The mount can be lifted to the surface with minimal effort.
首先，将密封圈68放置在活塞67外表面的槽中，接着将整流栅69放入中部64里，确保活塞67的圆柱处于整流栅69的中间，再接着将前部65、中部64和后部63的螺纹相接，将三部分紧固，并在螺纹接口的外表面均匀涂抹环氧树脂，保证其密封性，活塞67在重力的作用下，将搭在前部65和中部64之间的连接通道；然后，由增压泵8通过气管7往挂载6中充气，当压力达到0.4MPa时，保持压力，检查整个挂载6、气管7和增压泵8之间的密封性；若密封性没有问题，则将挂载6入水，达到指定的深度位置后，打开增压泵8上的泄压开关，则活塞67受到水的浮力以及气压减小的作用，会上浮至整流栅69处，被整流栅69限位，水由前部65处的进流栅66进入，进而充满整个挂载6的内部；此时，挂载6的重量达到最大，进而拉直钢丝绳2，实现水听器10的精确定位；当测试完毕后，需要将水听器10取出时，则由增压泵8通过气管7往挂载6中充气，挂载6中的水会在气压的作用下，经进流孔66流出，由于活塞67的浮力大于其自身的重力，只要挂载6内部有水，活塞67就不会封闭中部64的圆孔；挂载6内部充气所形成的水流经过整流栅69整流后，会均匀地通过活塞67的上部，加上活塞67的上部形状为对称的圆锥型，受水流冲击后，不会产生左右振荡；当挂载6内部的水排空后，活塞67所受的浮力减小，在自身重力的作用及气压的作用下，会封闭中部64的圆孔，当加压至0.4MPa时，则挂载6内部的水全部排出，挂载6受内部空气产生的浮力作用，使得自身的重量减小，用较小的力量就可以将挂载6提至水面；由于挂载6在水中下沉和上浮过程中，几乎处于悬浮状态，即使在收放水听器10的过程中，电缆受到一定的拉力，也不至于将其拉裂乃至拉断，从而很好地保护了水听器10；First, place the sealing ring 68 in the groove on the outer surface of the piston 67, then put the rectifying grid 69 into the middle part 64 to ensure that the cylinder of the piston 67 is in the middle of the rectifying grid 69, then place the front part 65, the middle part 64 and the rear Connect the threads of part 63, fasten the three parts, and apply epoxy resin evenly on the outer surface of the threaded joint to ensure its tightness. Under the action of gravity, the piston 67 will ride between the front part 65 and the middle part 64 Then, the booster pump 8 inflates the mount 6 through the air pipe 7, and when the pressure reaches 0.4MPa, maintain the pressure and check the tightness between the entire mount 6, the air pipe 7 and the booster pump 8; If there is no problem with the tightness, put the mount 6 into the water, and after reaching the specified depth, turn on the pressure relief switch on the booster pump 8, and the piston 67 will float up to the rectifying grid under the buoyancy of the water and the reduction of the air pressure. Position 69 is limited by the rectifying grid 69, water enters from the inlet grid 66 at the front part 65, and then fills the inside of the entire mounting 6; at this time, the weight of the mounting 6 reaches the maximum, and then the steel wire rope 2 is straightened to realize Accurate positioning of the hydrophone 10; when the hydrophone 10 needs to be taken out after the test is completed, the booster pump 8 will inflate the mount 6 through the air pipe 7, and the water in the mount 6 will be inflated under the action of air pressure , flows out through the inlet hole 66, because the buoyancy of the piston 67 is greater than its own gravity, as long as there is water inside the mount 6, the piston 67 will not close the round hole in the middle part 64; the water flow formed by the inflation inside the mount 6 is rectified After the grid 69 is rectified, it will evenly pass through the upper part of the piston 67, and the shape of the upper part of the piston 67 is a symmetrical conical shape. After being impacted by the water flow, it will not vibrate left and right; The buoyancy of 67 decreases, and under the action of its own gravity and air pressure, the round hole in the middle part 64 will be closed. When the pressure reaches 0.4MPa, all the water inside the mount 6 will be discharged, and the mount 6 will be affected by the internal pressure. The buoyancy effect generated by the air reduces its own weight, and the mount 6 can be lifted to the water surface with a small force; since the mount 6 is almost in a suspended state during the process of sinking and floating in the water, even when retracting and releasing the water During the process of listening to the hydrophone 10, the cable is subjected to a certain tension, and it will not be pulled or even broken, thereby protecting the hydrophone 10 well;
气管7为空压软管(PU管)，正常工作压力：10kg/cm2；可应用于流体温度范围为：-15℃～+60℃；The air pipe 7 is a pneumatic hose (PU pipe), the normal working pressure is 10kg/cm 2 ; the applicable fluid temperature range is: -15℃～+60℃;
增压泵8为美洲豹牌空气压缩机，型号550-h9，气筒容量9L，最大压力0.8MPa；Booster pump 8 is Jaguar brand air compressor, model 550-h9, cylinder capacity 9L, maximum pressure 0.8MPa;
圆柱壳9为单层加肋结构，内部有6个舱室，长30m，直径5m，采用大型电磁激振器进行间谐激励，测试的频率为25Hz，对应的水中声波波长为60m；The cylindrical shell 9 is a single-layer ribbed structure with 6 cabins inside, 30m in length and 5m in diameter. A large electromagnetic exciter is used for interharmonic excitation. The frequency of the test is 25Hz, and the corresponding wavelength of sound waves in water is 60m;
水听器10的型号为B&K8106，外接300m长的电缆，灵敏度为-173dB(ref:1V/uPa)，用于接收圆柱壳9的辐射噪声信号，放置于水下30m；The model of the hydrophone 10 is B&K8106, which is externally connected to a 300m long cable with a sensitivity of -173dB (ref: 1V/uPa), and is used to receive the radiated noise signal of the cylindrical shell 9, and is placed 30m underwater;
一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失方法，包含以下步骤：A method for measuring the low-frequency insertion loss of the backing coating of a cylindrical shell near the water surface, comprising the following steps:
第一步，以环型架3中心作为圆柱壳9的“等效”声中心，将水听器10放置于测试频率所对应的1/2倍波长距离处；In the first step, the center of the annular frame 3 is used as the "equivalent" sound center of the cylindrical shell 9, and the hydrophone 10 is placed at a distance of 1/2 times the wavelength corresponding to the test frequency;
第二步，以一定的间隔(L1，L2，L3，…)让水听器10远离圆柱壳9，并记录此时水听器10的声压信号(P1，P2，P3，…)，按照球面波的扩展规律，考察声压随距离的变化是否满足1/r定律，其中，r为距离；The second step is to keep the hydrophone 10 away from the cylindrical shell 9 at a certain interval (L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , ...), and record the sound pressure signal of the hydrophone 10 at this time (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ,…), according to the expansion law of spherical waves, investigate whether the change of sound pressure with distance satisfies the 1/r law, where r is the distance;
第三步，若声压随距离的变化满足1/r定律，则将水听器10放置于测试频率所对应的1/2倍波长距离处，记录此时圆柱壳9的辐射声压Pc；In the third step, if the change of sound pressure with distance satisfies the 1/r law, the hydrophone 10 is placed at a distance of 1/2 times the wavelength corresponding to the test frequency, and the radiated sound pressure Pc of the cylindrical shell 9 at this time is recorded ;
第四步，继续测试声学覆盖层贴敷在圆柱壳9表面上的辐射声压Pv，则声学覆盖层的插入损失由公式(1-1)计算得到；The fourth step is to continue to test the radiated sound pressure Pv of the acoustic covering layer attached to the surface of the cylindrical shell 9, then the insertion loss of the acoustic covering layer is calculated by formula (1-1);
TL＝-20lg(Pv/Pc) (1-1)TL＝-20lg(P v /P c ) (1-1)
第五步，若在测试频率对应的1/2倍波长距离处，声压衰减不满足1/r定律，则需将水听器10放置于测试频率对应的1倍波长距离处，重复上述过程。In the fifth step, if the sound pressure attenuation does not satisfy the 1/r law at the 1/2 wavelength distance corresponding to the test frequency, the hydrophone 10 needs to be placed at the 1 wavelength distance corresponding to the test frequency, and the above process is repeated .
综上，本发明的装置包括绞车、钢丝绳、环型架、气垫、支杆、挂载、气管、增压泵，气垫贴敷在圆柱壳外表面，环型架放置在气垫的外面，钢丝绳的一端缠绕在绞车上，钢丝绳的另一端穿过环型架的套管，连接挂载，支杆固定在钢丝绳的底端，气管一端连接挂载，气管的另一端连接增压泵；一种测量近水面圆柱壳背衬覆盖层低频插入损失的装置及方法，还包括测量方法；该装置及方法采用金属支撑边界制成“气囊”结构，避免了橡胶气囊在收放水听器、阵列的过程中因压力平衡差、胀裂等现象，并提出了近水面圆柱壳低频段的声学远场判据，为声学覆盖层的插入损失测量提供了技术支撑。In summary, the device of the present invention includes a winch, a steel wire rope, a ring frame, an air cushion, a pole, a mount, a gas pipe, and a booster pump. One end is wound on the winch, the other end of the wire rope passes through the casing of the ring frame, and is connected to the mount, the pole is fixed at the bottom of the wire rope, one end of the air pipe is connected to the mount, and the other end of the air pipe is connected to the booster pump; a measurement A device and method for low-frequency insertion loss of the backing and covering layer of a cylindrical shell near the water surface, including a measurement method; the device and method use a metal support boundary to make an "airbag" structure, which avoids the rubber airbag in the process of retracting and deploying hydrophones and arrays. Due to the phenomenon of poor pressure balance, swelling and cracking, the acoustic far-field criterion for the low-frequency range of the cylindrical shell near the water surface is proposed, which provides technical support for the measurement of the insertion loss of the acoustic coating.
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