CN107802938B - Method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia - Google Patents
Method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107802938B CN107802938B CN201711186135.1A CN201711186135A CN107802938B CN 107802938 B CN107802938 B CN 107802938B CN 201711186135 A CN201711186135 A CN 201711186135A CN 107802938 B CN107802938 B CN 107802938B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- music
- stimulation
- pitch
- duration
- electrical stimulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
- A61M21/02—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis for inducing sleep or relaxation, e.g. by direct nerve stimulation, hypnosis, analgesia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M21/00—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis
- A61M2021/0005—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus
- A61M2021/0027—Other devices or methods to cause a change in the state of consciousness; Devices for producing or ending sleep by mechanical, optical, or acoustical means, e.g. for hypnosis by the use of a particular sense, or stimulus by the hearing sense
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia, which selects music which is tried to be liked, and at least extracts three characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the music according to the playing time sequence of the music; converting the characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the extracted music into stimulation frequency, stimulation duration and stimulation intensity parameters respectively corresponding to the electrical stimulation to form music electrical stimulation with music rhythm and rhythm; the musical electrical stimulation may be applied to the skin surface of the subject to provide analgesia. The invention selects the favorite music to be tested, analyzes and processes the music, extracts the pitch, duration and loudness data information representing the melody of the music, converts the extracted melody information into an electric stimulation signal to act on the electric stimulator, and the electric stimulator acts on the surface of the skin to be tested, so that the electric stimulation felt by the test is a signal matched with the rhythm, melody and intensity of the music, and the analgesic effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preoperative anesthesia, and particularly relates to a music electrical stimulation generation method for analgesia, which is used for guiding real-time adjustment of an analgesia scheme.
Background
Pain is a complex subjective sensation that is widely present in our lives and is defined by the international association for pain research as "unpleasant subjective feelings and emotional experiences associated with tissue damage or potential tissue damage". The pain not only causes physical discomfort, but also may cause a series of emotional problems to reduce the cognitive function of people, and seriously affects the life quality of people. Music, as a common language of human beings, plays an important role in communication, emotional expression, mood regulation, and cohesion enhancement. Graceful music is often considered to improve nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and digestive system functions, regulate blood flow, enhance nervous system activity; the excitability of cerebral cortex is improved, the mood of people is improved, the emotion is excited, and the spirit is stimulated; is helpful for eliminating adverse psychological states caused by psychological and social factors, such as tension, anxiety, melancholy, and horror, and improving stress ability.
In recent years, there have been a number of clinical studies demonstrating that music can reduce pain intensity, be unpleasant, and improve pain tolerance. In addition, music has been shown to increase the oxytocin level in patients, thereby reducing the level of distress and anxiety being tested. However, the 2010 study by Meeuse et al indicated that listening to music did not effectively reduce the pain experienced by patients in enteroscopy, and it was still to be further verified whether the clinical analgesic effect of music was general. On the one hand, the music analgesic effect can be adjusted by the pain intensity, for example, the pain accompanied with some specific diseases or examinations can be too strong, so that the tested person can not process the music information, thereby realizing music analgesia; on the other hand, in clinical practice, music is usually only implemented as an analgesic means for adjuvant drug therapy, and whether the analgesic effect of music interacts with organic lesions, combined drugs and the like cannot be determined at present.
The current music electrical stimulation mode generally adopts the following methods: the fluctuation signal of the music is directly converted into the waveform of the electric stimulation and then acts on the human body, and the music content is not analyzed and processed first, so that the human body cannot feel the rhythm and rhythm of the music from the electric stimulation signal.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia, aiming at solving the technical problem that the electrical stimulation in the field of analgesia of the existing music electrical stimulation technology has no rhythmic feeling and rhythmic feeling.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows:
a music electric stimulation generating method for easing pain selects music liked by a test, and at least extracts three characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the music according to the playing time sequence of the music; converting the characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the extracted music into stimulation frequency, stimulation duration and stimulation intensity parameters respectively corresponding to the electrical stimulation to form music electrical stimulation with music rhythm and rhythm; the musical electrical stimulation may be applied to the skin surface of the subject to provide analgesia.
The specific method for extracting the characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of music comprises the following steps:
step one, audio information generated during music playing is converted into time-frequency information;
step two, sequentially extracting the frequency value with the strongest energy at each time point from the time frequency information according to the time sequence, and recording the corresponding frequency energy value;
step three, obtaining time-pitch data of each playing time point in the music according to a pre-established corresponding relation between the pitch and the frequency;
step four, combining continuous and same pitch data in the music playing time point into a tone, and calculating the duration of each tone according to the playing time sequence to obtain time-pitch-duration data;
and step five, averaging the energy values of the frequencies in the step three according to the length of each sound obtained in the step four to obtain the loudness characteristic of each sound.
In the first step, the audio information of the music is converted into time-frequency information by adopting a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) or a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method.
And the corresponding relation between the preset pitch and the frequency in the third step is a one-to-one corresponding relation between the preset pitch and the set upper limit value and lower limit value interval of each electrical stimulation frequency according to the ascending or descending order of the pitch.
Music corresponding to the music electric stimulation is played to the tested skin while acting the music electric stimulation on the tested skin surface to relieve pain.
Music was not played to the test subject while applying electrical stimulation to the skin surface of the test subject.
The extracted musical features are sent to the electrical stimulator while the "pitch" and "loudness" parameters are adjusted to match different electrical stimulators.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
A. the invention selects the favorite music to be tested, analyzes and processes the music, extracts the pitch, duration and loudness data information representing the melody of the music, converts the extracted melody information into an electric stimulation signal to act on the electric stimulator, and the electric stimulator acts on the surface of the skin to be tested, so that the electric stimulation felt by the test is a signal matched with the rhythm, melody and intensity of the music, and the analgesic effect is improved.
B. When the pitch, the duration and the loudness characteristics of the music are extracted, a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) or a Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) method is adopted under the condition of ensuring the accuracy of the extracted pitch, the conversion algorithm is simpler and more convenient, the corresponding attaching effect between the extracted pitch and the extracted frequency is better, and the stimulation frequency rhythm effect generated by an electric stimulator acting on a human body is better.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram comparing musical electrical stimulation with pain scores provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The method for generating the music electrical stimulation for relieving pain comprises the following steps:
selecting the favorite music to be tested, and extracting at least three characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the music according to the playing time sequence of the music; converting the characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the extracted music into stimulation frequency, stimulation duration and stimulation intensity parameters respectively corresponding to the electrical stimulation to form music electrical stimulation with music rhythm and rhythm; electrical stimulation of the music can be applied to the skin surface of the subject to provide analgesia.
The specific method for extracting the pitch, duration and loudness characteristics of music comprises the following steps:
(S1) audio information generated during music playing is converted into time-frequency information.
A piece of music with a sampling rate of 44100Hz is converted on a computer into a matrix 1 of time-frequency information, i.e. M1, by Matlab using a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) function. The center frequency and bandwidth of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) are chosen to be "cmol 1-1.5" using a transform scale of "1: 1024".
The specific code is as follows: abs (cwt (music,1:1024, 'cmor 1-1.5');
where the "music" variable is the music to be processed, the "abs ()" function is an absolute value, facilitating later calculations.
(1) The principle of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) is as follows:
will arbitrarily L2(R) the function f (t) in space is expanded on the wavelet basis, called Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) of the function f (t), expressed as:
the wavelet transform coefficient of an arbitrary function at a certain scale a and a translation point tau is essentially characterized in that at the position tau, the time period a delta t contains a central frequency of
A bandwidth of
The magnitude of the frequency components within the frequency window. Followed byVariation of the dimension a, corresponding to the centre frequency of the window
Width of window
Changes also occur.
(2) The principle of short-time fourier transform (STFT) is as follows:
given a window function r (t) with a short time width, let the window slide, the STFT of the signal x (t') is defined as:
and (S2) sequentially extracting the frequency value with the strongest energy at each time point according to the time sequence of the time-frequency information, and recording the corresponding frequency energy value.
Namely, the time-frequency information matrix M1 sequentially extracts the frequency number with the strongest energy at each time point according to the time sequence, and records the corresponding energy value as matrix 2, i.e., M2.
(S3) obtaining time-pitch data for each playing time point in the music according to the pre-established correspondence between pitch and frequency.
The established correspondence between pitches and frequencies is shown in table 1 below, where M2 is classified into 96 tones according to table 1, and a time-ordered pitch arrangement is obtained and recorded as matrix 3, i.e., M3. At this time, M3 contains 3 columns, each representing time, pitch and intensity.
Table 1: the established correspondence between pitch and frequency
(S4) the pitch data of the same continuous pitch at the time of playing music are combined into one tone, and the duration of each tone is calculated in the order of playing time, resulting in time-pitch-duration data.
Here, successive same pitches are combined into one tone in M3, and the duration of each tone is calculated, so as to obtain data of time-pitch-duration, which is denoted as matrix 4, i.e., M4. In this case, M4 has three columns, each of which represents time, pitch, and duration.
(S5) averaging the energy value of each frequency in the matrix M3 obtained in (S3) on the scale of the sound length of each sound in M4 to obtain the loudness characteristic of each sound, and recording the loudness characteristic of each sound as the fourth column number of M4. At this point M4 has four columns, each representing time, pitch, duration and loudness.
The experiment adopts an SXC-4A multichannel electrical stimulator produced by Beijing Santa errata science and technology Limited. And converting the data of the M4 into the stimulation frequency (the range is 10-90 Hz), the stimulation duration and the stimulation intensity (the range is 1 mA-3 mA) of the electric stimulation to act on the tested left arm, and simultaneously playing the music through a computer for 5 minutes. In the playing process, pain stimulation (laser stimulation) is applied to the left arm of the subject for 10 times, and the subject is allowed to score the pain stimulation (0-10 points).
To observe the analgesic effect, the experiment also measured two cases simultaneously:
(1) music is not played, and only electric stimulation is performed;
(2) no music was played, nor was there electrical stimulation.
Under both conditions, the test scored for painful stimuli. The test result is shown in fig. 1, the higher the pain score in the graph is, the stronger the pain felt by the subject is, the lowest the score of the electric stimulation under the condition that the subject is adopted and does not play music is, the highest the score of the electric stimulation under the condition that the subject is not played and the electric stimulation is not performed is, the effect difference between the two is obvious, and the effect difference of the electric stimulation by the music with music rhythm sense and musical rhythm sense of the subject is shown to effectively reduce the pain feeling of the subject.
The analgesia test shows that music is analyzed and processed, data information of pitch, duration and loudness representing music rhythm is extracted, the extracted rhythm information is converted into an electrical stimulation signal to be acted on an electrical stimulator, so that the electrical stimulation experienced by the tested person is a signal matched with the rhythm, rhythm and intensity of the music, and the analgesia effect is improved.
When the pitch, duration and loudness characteristics are converted into parameters of the stimulation frequency, duration and intensity of electrical stimulation, because the frequency bands supported by different electrical stimulators may be different, in specific implementation, specific conversion is required according to the actual situation of the electrical stimulation frequency.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A music electric stimulation generating method for easing pain is characterized in that music which is tried to be liked is selected, and at least three characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the music are extracted according to the playing time sequence of the music; converting the characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of the extracted music into stimulation frequency, stimulation duration and stimulation intensity parameters respectively corresponding to the electrical stimulation to form music electrical stimulation with music rhythm and rhythm; the music electrical stimulation can be used on the surface of the skin to be tested to relieve pain;
the specific method for extracting the characteristics of pitch, duration and loudness of music comprises the following steps:
step one, audio information generated during music playing is converted into time-frequency information;
step two, sequentially extracting the frequency value with the strongest energy at each time point from the time frequency information according to the time sequence, and recording the corresponding frequency energy value;
step three, obtaining time-pitch data of each playing time point in the music according to a pre-established corresponding relation between the pitch and the frequency;
step four, combining continuous and same pitch data in the music playing time point into a tone, and calculating the duration of each tone according to the playing time sequence to obtain time-pitch-duration data;
and step five, averaging the energy values of the frequencies in the step three according to the length of each sound obtained in the step four to obtain the loudness characteristic of each sound.
2. The method for generating musical electrical stimulation for analgesia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the audio information of music is converted into time-frequency information by using a Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) or a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) method in the first step.
3. The method for generating musical electrical stimulation for analgesia according to claim 1, wherein the correspondence between the pitches and the frequencies pre-established in the third step is one-to-one correspondence with the upper and lower limit value intervals of each set electrical stimulation frequency in the ascending or descending order of the pitches.
4. The method for generating musical electrostimulation for analgesia according to claim 1 wherein the extracted musical features are sent to the electrostimulators while the "pitch" and "loudness" parameters are adjusted to match the different electrostimulators.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711186135.1A CN107802938B (en) | 2017-11-23 | 2017-11-23 | Method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711186135.1A CN107802938B (en) | 2017-11-23 | 2017-11-23 | Method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107802938A CN107802938A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
| CN107802938B true CN107802938B (en) | 2021-04-20 |
Family
ID=61590246
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711186135.1A Active CN107802938B (en) | 2017-11-23 | 2017-11-23 | Method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107802938B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022266202A1 (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-22 | Miir Audio Technologies, Inc | Systems and methods for identifying segments of music having characteristics suitable for inducing autonomic physiological responses |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110215607A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Massage method and device based on electro photoluminescence |
| CN113171534B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-07-25 | 浙江柔灵科技有限公司 | Superposition enhancement nerve modulation method and device based on music and energy wave functions |
| CN116504206B (en) * | 2023-03-18 | 2024-02-20 | 深圳市狼视天下科技有限公司 | Camera capable of identifying environment and generating music |
| CN116943024B (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2024-06-21 | 中国科学院心理研究所 | Analgesic system combining virtual reality with electric stimulation |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2367010A (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2002-03-27 | Anthony John Johnson | Body treatment product |
| CN201744074U (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2011-02-16 | 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 | Music modulated percutaneous electric nerve stimulation pain therapeutic instrument |
| CN102139140A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-08-03 | 华南理工大学 | Transcranial micro-current stimulator with music function |
| CN102553073A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-11 | 重庆邮电大学 | Combined type multi-output body surface gastric stimulation device and using method thereof |
| CN105920736A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-07 | 炎黄东方（北京）健康科技有限公司 | Electrical stimulation therapy device control method and device |
| CN106823136A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of nervus auricularis vagi stimulating system of the new stimulus waveform of generation |
-
2017
- 2017-11-23 CN CN201711186135.1A patent/CN107802938B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2367010A (en) * | 1999-05-20 | 2002-03-27 | Anthony John Johnson | Body treatment product |
| CN201744074U (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2011-02-16 | 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 | Music modulated percutaneous electric nerve stimulation pain therapeutic instrument |
| CN102139140A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-08-03 | 华南理工大学 | Transcranial micro-current stimulator with music function |
| CN102553073A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-11 | 重庆邮电大学 | Combined type multi-output body surface gastric stimulation device and using method thereof |
| CN105920736A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-07 | 炎黄东方（北京）健康科技有限公司 | Electrical stimulation therapy device control method and device |
| CN106823136A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of nervus auricularis vagi stimulating system of the new stimulus waveform of generation |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022266202A1 (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-12-22 | Miir Audio Technologies, Inc | Systems and methods for identifying segments of music having characteristics suitable for inducing autonomic physiological responses |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107802938A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107802938B (en) | Method for generating music electrical stimulation for analgesia | |
| Hove et al. | Feel the bass: Music presented to tactile and auditory modalities increases aesthetic appreciation and body movement. | |
| Näätänen et al. | Auditory processing that leads to conscious perception: a unique window to central auditory processing opened by the mismatch negativity and related responses | |
| CN111068159A (en) | Music feedback depression mood adjusting system based on electroencephalogram signals | |
| WO2021103084A1 (en) | Deep sound stimulation system and method for sleep regulation | |
| Zhou et al. | Music therapy on heart rate variability | |
| US20160027423A1 (en) | Encephalophone | |
| CN107644661A (en) | Device and method for outputting binaural frequency difference music | |
| CN103054587A (en) | Speech audiometry method based on auditory steady state response | |
| Ogg et al. | Psychophysiological indices of music-evoked emotions in musicians | |
| Ramdinmawii et al. | The effect of music on the human mind: A study using brainwaves and binaural beats | |
| CN113171534B (en) | Superposition enhancement nerve modulation method and device based on music and energy wave functions | |
| US6939288B1 (en) | Auditory therapy system for impacting the nervous system of a living organism | |
| Golovin et al. | Effect of audiovisual stimulation on the psychophysiological functions in track-and-field athletes | |
| CN116312531A (en) | Speech spectrum reconstruction method based on electroencephalogram signals | |
| Santhosh et al. | Computational exploration of neural dynamics underlying music cues among trained and amateur subjects | |
| Wirakhmi et al. | Differences Between Ar Rahman Murotal Therapy and Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Decreasing Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension at Rw 3 Sumampir | |
| CN109549643B (en) | Intelligence training instrument | |
| RU2192777C2 (en) | Method for carrying out bioacoustic correction of psychophysiological organism state | |
| Drozdenko et al. | The Influence of a Low-Frequency Musical Fragment on the Neural Oscillations | |
| CN113257386A (en) | Music playing method and system for music therapeutic instrument | |
| KR102639484B1 (en) | Autonomic nerve balance system using ECG waveform | |
| Song et al. | The effect of a binaural beat combined with autonomous sensory meridian response triggers on brainwave entrainment | |
| CN115886844B (en) | System for detecting and adjusting cerebral lateral state based on electroencephalogram biological feedback | |
| CN110743076A (en) | Wake-up device for plant anthropomorphic patient |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |