CN107794419B - Multi-element intermediate alloy for aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-element intermediate alloy for aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107794419B CN107794419B CN201710440741.5A CN201710440741A CN107794419B CN 107794419 B CN107794419 B CN 107794419B CN 201710440741 A CN201710440741 A CN 201710440741A CN 107794419 B CN107794419 B CN 107794419B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-element intermediate alloy for aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the multi-element intermediate alloy comprises 2-6% of Mg, 0.2-0.8% of Mn, 0.08-0.8% of Sc, 0.08-0.4% of Zr and the balance of Al by mass; the alloy preparation adopts a fused salt aluminothermic reduction method. The invention greatly reduces the content of scandium and zirconium in the intermediate alloy, improves the reduction yield of scandium and zirconium, and reduces the production cost of scandium-containing aluminum alloy; meanwhile, magnesium and manganese are used for reinforcement, and the multi-element intermediate alloy has good comprehensive performance and good reinforcement and deterioration effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-element intermediate alloy for aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy.
Background
The lightweight of aerospace, high-speed rail and automobile greatly promotes the development of wrought aluminum alloy, and the lightweight high-strength aluminum alloy is widely applied. In the production of the wrought aluminum alloy material, the addition of scandium metal can obviously improve the performance of the aluminum alloy, thereby promoting the application of scandium in the aluminum alloy.
Since scandium is expensive and the cost of aluminum alloys is increased by the addition of a large amount of scandium, it is necessary to find an alloying element that replaces the metal scandium. The Chinese patent of invention discloses an Al-Sc-Zr intermediate alloy for aluminum alloy and a production method thereof (application number: 2016103412981). the Al-Sc-Zr intermediate alloy uses Zr to replace part of scandium, and improves the performance by scandium and zirconium.
Other alloying elements such as scandium and zirconium are usually added in the form of master alloys, such as Al-Sc (Sc of 2%), Al-Zr (Zr of 5%), scandium and zirconium are elements with strong modification effect of aluminum alloys, with scandium being the best modifying element, but at high cost. In 5 series (Al-Mg) and 7 series (Al-Mg-Zn) aluminum alloys, a part of element zirconium is used for replacing scandium, and the scandium-zirconium composite additive modifier has good effect and high cost. The scandium and zirconium can greatly improve the yield strength, the welding performance, the corrosion resistance and the processing performance of the alloy. On the other hand, the cost of the aluminum-scandium master alloy is reduced.
In the actual production process of the Al-Sc (2%) intermediate alloy, a molten salt aluminum reduction method is adopted, the higher the scandium content of the high-content scandium alloy is, the more the production difficulty is, the larger the scandium content is to achieve 2% Sc content, the larger the scandium oxide input amount is, the higher the Al-Sc (2%) production cost is caused, the lower the scandium yield is reduced, the component segregation is large (the solid solubility of scandium in aluminum is low, segregation is generated), and the problems of non-uniform zirconium component and large deviation also exist in Al-Zr (5%).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the content of scandium and zirconium is further reduced in the production of the intermediate alloy, the production process is easier to control, the composition segregation is small, the high reduction yield (> 95%) of scandium and zirconium is maintained, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the magnesium-manganese strengthening alloy is added to maintain that the intermediate alloy has a good modification strengthening function.
The technical scheme of the invention is to provide a multi-element intermediate alloy for an aluminum alloy, wherein the multi-element intermediate alloy comprises, by mass, 2-6% of Mg, 0.2-0.8% of Mn, 0.08-0.8% of Sc, 0.08-0.4% of Zr and the balance of Al.
The content of Sc is preferably 0.4-0.8%; more preferably 0.7 to 0.8%.
The preparation method of the multi-element master alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass as 100: 1-7 of pure Al and molten salt are put into a smelting furnace, heated to be molten, and kept at 850-980 ℃ for 0.5-1 hour;
(2) cooling to 720-760 ℃, keeping the temperature of metal Mn and Mg for 10-20 minutes, and stirring to homogenize the alloy;
(3) removing molten salt on the surface of the aluminum liquid, introducing argon into the aluminum liquid, degassing, standing, and slagging off;
(4) and (3) carrying out water-cooling die ingot casting on the alloy melt to obtain the multi-element intermediate alloy.
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the ingot is controlled to be 700-730 ℃.
Preferably, the smelting furnace is a non-vacuum smelting furnace.
Preferably, the molten salt comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
preferably, in the step (3), the standing time is 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, in the step (2), the metal Mn is added first, and then the metal Mg is added. Therefore, the magnesium retention time can be shortened, and the burning loss of magnesium can be reduced.
The invention starts from an aluminum-scandium-zirconium intermediate alloy (2 wt% Sc, 1-2 wt% Zr), further reduces the content of scandium and zirconium, ensures that the content of Sc is 0.08-0.8%, the content of Zr is 0.08-0.4%, and simultaneously, proper magnesium and manganese elements are added to form the intermediate alloy of the invention, wherein magnesium and manganese are all strengthening alloy elements, and manganese also has the function of reducing harmful element iron in aluminum. The production cost is reduced and other 5-series 7-series alloys can be prepared by slightly adjusting the components.
The invention adopts low-cost Sc2O3、ZrO2Obtaining high yield scandium-zirconium (>95 percent) and combined with the rapid cooling process of the water-cooling mold, the second phase Al of scandium and zirconium is obtained3The (ScZr) particles are fine and uniformly distributed.
The invention has the advantages that the multi-element intermediate alloy is used for replacing the aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy or the aluminum-scandium-zirconium intermediate alloy, so that the content of scandium and zirconium in the intermediate alloy is greatly reduced, the reduction yield of scandium and zirconium is improved, and the production cost of the aluminum alloy is reduced; meanwhile, magnesium and manganese are added to strengthen alloy elements, and manganese also has the effect of reducing harmful element iron in aluminum. The multi-element intermediate alloy has good comprehensive performance and better metamorphism strengthening effect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1: in a 200kg medium frequency electric furnace, 95kg of aluminum was put into a graphite crucible, and 5.17kg of molten salt (wherein: Sc) which had been mixed and dried in advance was added2O31.07kg、ZrO20.4kg、NH4F 2.0kg、NaF 0.25kg、KCl 1.3kg、MgCl20.15 kg). Heating to 950 deg.C, and maintaining the temperature for 40 min. Stirring, removing slag, cooling to 760 ℃, adding 0.4kg of metal manganese and 5.6kg of magnesium, and stirring uniformly. After 10 minutes, fill with Ar/N2Degassing, sampling and analyzing, cooling to 710 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling die casting ingot, wherein the ingot is about 100kg ingot, and the composition analysis of the ingot is Mg4.9%, Mn 0.4%, Sc 0.71%, Zr 0.3% and the balance of Al.
Example 2: in a 200kg medium frequency electric furnace, 100kg of Al was put into a graphite crucible, and 6.0kg of molten salt (wherein: Sc) which had been mixed and dried in advance was added2O31.2kg、ZrO20.5kg、NH4F 2.3kg、NaF 0.3kg、KCl 1.5kg、MgCl20.2 kg). Heating to 900 deg.C, and maintaining for 1 hr. Stirring evenly, removing slag, then cooling to 740 ℃, adding 0.6kg of metal manganese and 5.5kg of metal magnesium, and stirring evenly. After 15 minutes, fill with Ar/N2Degassing, sampling and analyzing, cooling to 720 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling die casting ingot, wherein the ingot is about 106kg ingot, and the composition analysis of the ingot is Mg5.0%, Mn 0.56%, Sc 0.75%, Zr 0.35% and the balance of Al.
Example 3: in a 200kg medium frequency electric furnace, 100kg of Al was put into a graphite crucible, and 3.0kg of molten salt (wherein: Sc) which had been mixed and dried in advance was added2O30.6kg、ZrO20.25kg、NH4F 1.15kg、NaF 0.15kg、KCl 0.75kg、MgCl20.1 kg). Heating to 900 deg.C, and maintaining for 1 hr. Stirring evenly, removing slag, then cooling to 740 ℃, adding 0.21kg of metal manganese and 2.5kg of metal magnesium, and stirring evenly. After 15 minutes, fill with Ar/N2Degassing, sampling and analyzing, cooling to 720 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling die casting ingot, wherein the ingot is about 102kg ingot, and the composition analysis of the ingot is Mg2.2%, Mn 0.2%, Sc 0.37%, Zr 0.17%, and the balance of Al.
Example 4: in a 200kg medium frequency electric furnace, 100kg of Al was put into a graphite crucibleIn (c), 1.0kg of molten salt (wherein: Sc) which has been mixed and dried in advance is added2O30.2kg、ZrO20.08kg、NH4F 0.4kg、NaF 0.05kg、KCl 0.25kg、MgCl20.02 kg). Heating to 900 deg.C, and maintaining for 1 hr. Stirring evenly, removing slag, then cooling to 740 ℃, adding 0.4kg of metal manganese and 3.0kg of metal magnesium, and stirring evenly. After 15 minutes, fill with Ar/N2Degassing, sampling and analyzing, cooling to 720 ℃, and carrying out water-cooling die casting ingot, wherein the ingot is about 103kg ingot, and the composition analysis of the ingot is Mg2.8%, Mn 0.4%, Sc 0.1%, Zr 0.06% and the balance Al.
Example 5: using 100kg of the master alloy of example 2, 8.5kg of metallic zinc, 1.5kg of metallic copper and pure aluminum as raw materials, 7-series alloy components of Zn 7.8%, Mg 2.7%, Cu 1.3%, Mn 0.3%, Zr0.15%, Sc 0.35% and the balance of aluminum were prepared. Smelting by adopting a resistance furnace. The temperature is controlled to be 710-750 ℃. Adopting hexachloroethane to perform degassing refining and semi-continuous ingot casting; homogenizing at 470 deg.C/2 hr, and air cooling. Peeling, heating at 450 deg.C/4 h, hot rolling to 70% deformation, and cold rolling to obtain 2mm thick plate with 60% deformation. And (3) performing solid melting at 470 ℃/2hr, water quenching and aging treatment at 120 ℃/24 hr to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
The obtained aluminum alloy material has the mechanical properties of tensile strength sigmab650MPa, yield strength sigma0.2610Mpa and 11% elongation δ.
Example 6: using 100kg of the master alloy, 3kg of magnesium metal, 0.1kg of copper metal and pure aluminum in example 3 as raw materials, 5-series alloy compositions of Mg 5%, Cu 0.1%, Mn 0.2%, Zr 0.15%, Sc0.35% and the balance of aluminum were prepared. Smelting by adopting a resistance furnace. The temperature is controlled to be 710-750 ℃. Adopting hexachloroethane to perform degassing refining and semi-continuous ingot casting; homogenizing at 470 deg.C/10 hr, and air cooling. Peeling, heating at 450 deg.C/2 h, hot rolling for 80% deformation, cold rolling to 2mm thick plate, and cold rolling for 50% deformation. And (4) annealing at 350 ℃/1hr to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
The mechanical properties of the obtained aluminum alloy material are as follows: tensile Strength σb450MPa, yield strength sigma0.2278MPa, and 18% elongation δ. Compared with 5 series alloy containing 5% of Mg and the rest of Al, the alloy is the same as the alloyThe mechanical properties under the part were: tensile Strength σb280MPa, yield strength sigma0.2125MPa, and 25% elongation δ. The alloy prepared by the method has greatly improved performance.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the multi-element intermediate alloy is characterized in that the multi-element intermediate alloy comprises 2-6% of Mg, 0.2-0.8% of Mn, 0.7-0.8% of Sc, 0.08-0.4% of Zr and the balance of Al by mass; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass as 100: 1-7 of pure Al and molten salt are put into a smelting furnace, heated to be molten, and kept at 850-980 ℃ for 0.5-1 hour;
(2) cooling to 720-760 ℃, adding metal Mn and metal Mg, preserving heat for 10-20 minutes, and stirring to homogenize the alloy;
(3) removing molten salt on the surface of the aluminum liquid, introducing argon into the aluminum liquid, degassing, standing, and slagging off;
(4) and (3) carrying out water-cooling die ingot casting on the alloy melt to obtain the multi-element intermediate alloy.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the temperature of the ingot is controlled to be 700-730 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the melting furnace is a non-vacuum melting furnace.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition by mass of each component in the molten salt is as follows:
Sc2O310-21%；
ZrO25-10%；
NaF 4-8%；
KCl 25-36%；
NH4F 37-45%；
CaCl22-7%。
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the standing time in the step (3) is 5 to 10 minutes.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the metal Mn is added and the metal Mg is added.
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| CN108796320B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-17 | 湖南东方钪业股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
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| US11098391B2 (en) * | 2017-04-15 | 2021-08-24 | The Boeing Company | Aluminum alloy with additions of magnesium, calcium and at least one of chromium, manganese and zirconium, and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2019026897A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy sheet for structural member, and manufacturing method of aluminum alloy structural member |
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