CN107794357A - 超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法 - Google Patents

超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法 Download PDF

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CN107794357A
CN107794357A CN201711019854.4A CN201711019854A CN107794357A CN 107794357 A CN107794357 A CN 107794357A CN 201711019854 A CN201711019854 A CN 201711019854A CN 107794357 A CN107794357 A CN 107794357A
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CN107794357B (zh
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罗海文
温鹏宇
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

本发明提供一种超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,属于金属热处理技术领域。该方法通过钢的冶炼与凝固、铸坯或铸锭开坯后的热连轧及卷取、酸洗、室温冷轧等常规制造工序后,对冷轧马氏体钢板进行脉冲式超快速加热,以加热速率100‑500℃/s快速加热至奥氏体单相区,最后不经历保温或极短的保温时间立即水冷样品获取马氏体组织。制得马氏体钢抗拉强度在1800‑2300MPa的范围内,总延伸率可达12.3%;相比于同一马氏体钢种的连续退火产品,抗拉强度提升700MPa以上,且总延伸率最大增幅达6%。该方法很大程度地保持形变存储能与形变组织,加速了逆相变奥氏体的形核,避免了单相区奥氏体晶粒的粗大,可在水冷后获得细小马氏体组织保证超高强度,工艺效率高。

Description

超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属热处理技术领域,特别是指一种超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法。
背景技术
具有马氏体显微组织的低碳钢在钢铁材料领域是先进高强度钢(AHSS)的重要代表,其抗拉强度范围一般在900-1500MPa的区间内,可主要用作车身侧面碰撞保护及保险杠等高强应用部件。当前钢铁行业面临着产品性能提升的需求来保证安全,同时要求车身轻量化以降低能耗标准,并减少污染物排放,进而满足相应的节能环保的要求。
现在生产的马氏体冷轧薄钢板(厚度小于2mm),是冷轧后通过连续退火工艺生产,退火时间多在3分钟以上,由于生产线长度的限制,退火时间不超过10min。与加热速率缓慢的罩式退火相比,连续退火的加热速度显著变快,且可以准确控制薄钢板的退火温度。连续退火时相对较高的加热速率,可以推迟再结晶过程,由此冷轧变形积累的形变存储能会加快奥氏体逆相变,可以在短时间获得尺寸合适的奥氏体晶粒并经冷却后形成马氏体。
近十几年来,得益于横向磁通感应加热技术的发展,可以实现超快速的脉冲式加热。而本发明的退火工艺,不同于以往的连续退火,就是利用超快速加热,将冷轧钢板在极短时间内加热到奥氏体单相区,不经保温或者极短保温时间(<5s)后立刻水冷的工艺。通过超快速加热工艺来生产冷轧马氏体钢,可以将退火时间缩短到数秒内,而且强度超过连续退火工艺生产的马氏体钢,达到超高强度,从而将热处理工艺的效率和节能性提升到前所未有的水平。此外,在快速加热前段采用预热工艺,可以避免大型钢板热处理生产过程中的扭曲变形。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,减少退火时间,极大地提升生产效率、降低能耗,并进一步提高了强度。本发明以常规冷轧钢板为起始组织,主要为冷变形的珠光体和铁素体组织。冷轧钢板可以先经预热,即以加热速率1到10℃/s加热到300-500℃的区间,随后再以100-500℃/s的加热速率对冷轧钢板进行加热至奥氏体单相区,也可不经预热直接以100-500℃/s加热至奥氏体单相区,保温时间0~5s后水冷至室温。此工艺除了可以将生产周期缩短到数秒内,并且还可以获得比连退产品更高的强度,抗拉强度达到1800MPa-2300MPa,将热处理工艺的效率和节能性提升到极高水平。目前,通过应用横向磁通感应加热技术的设备可以实现100-500℃/s范围内的加热速率,因而也存在工业化生产的可行性。超快速加热改善性能的机理主要是由于快速加热推迟了冷轧变形组织的再结晶,进而更大程度地保持形变存储能与形变组织,加速了奥氏体逆相变动力学,尤其是促进了奥氏体形核,水冷后可以获得大量的细小马氏体组织,进而大幅度提升抗拉强度。
具体的,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)钢的冶炼与凝固:通过转炉、电炉或感应炉炼钢,采用连铸生产铸坯或模铸生产铸锭;
(2)铸坯或铸锭开坯后的热轧:将步骤(1)中得到的铸坯或铸锭经1050-1250℃加热,由粗轧机、热连轧机组轧制到2.5-15mm厚度,在500-700℃卷取;
(3)将步骤(2)中卷取后得到的热连轧卷进行酸洗处理,随后直接进行室温冷轧至0.5-2mm;
(4)对步骤(3)获得的冷轧钢板进行超快速加热工艺处理,将冷轧钢板以加热速率1-10℃/s加热到300-500℃,随后再以100-500℃/s的加热速率对冷轧钢板进行加热至奥氏体单相区850-950℃;或者可忽略预热工艺直接以100-500℃/s的加热速率,快速加热样品至奥氏体单相区且控制终温为850-950℃;无论哪种加热工艺下,钢板在保温不超过5s后立即水冷,得到超高强度冷轧钢板。
其中,步骤(3)中获得的冷轧钢板厚度低于2mm。
步骤(1)所得铸坯或铸锭的化学成分为0.1-0.3wt%C,0.5-2.5%Mn,0.05-0.3wt%Si,0.05-0.3wt%Mo,0.01-0.04wt%Ti,0.1-0.3wt%Cr,0.001-0.004wt%B,P≤0.020wt%,S≤0.02wt%,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
步骤(4)超快速加热工艺采用电阻或者磁感应通道加热实现。
步骤(4)经超快速加热工艺所制备的钢板,其组织特征为马氏体、并可能保留少量的铁素体、贝氏体组织以及碳化物,此外还可能保留一些形变组织。步骤(4)经超快速加热工艺制备的钢板,屈服强度≥1100MPa,抗拉强度为1800MPa-2300MPa,总延伸率达到12.3%,且均匀延伸率达到5.5-6%。步骤(4)中采用预热工艺可以防止大型冷轧钢板在热处理过程中的扭曲变形,但取消预热工艺后,直接进行超快速加热工艺可以进一步提高性能。
在所述步骤(1)所制得的铸坯或铸锭中另加以下一种或多种元素,可以有类似性能或性能进一步提高:Ni:0.1-3.0wt%、Cu:0.5-2.0wt%、Nb:0.02-0.10wt%、[N]:0.002-0.25wt%、V:0.02-0.35wt%、RE(稀土):0.002-0.005wt%、Ca:0.005-0.03wt%。其中添加Ni可进一步提高钢的淬透性或低温冲击韧性;添加Nb、V等细化原奥氏体晶粒导致最终组织细化;添加Cu、V等通过析出强化提高钢的强度;添加[N]调节奥氏体的稳定性。
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下:
上述方案中,有别于加热速率低、退火时间长的马氏体冷轧钢板的连续退火工艺,本工艺通过采用冷轧起始组织,采用预热或者不预热的办法,通过提高加热速率至100-500℃/s加热样品至奥氏体单相区,保温时间不超过5s,可以极大程度地保留形变组织,促进奥氏体形核和加速奥氏体逆相变,水冷后可以获得细小的马氏体组织,从而显著提升强度,同时将工艺效率提升至极致。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中1.4mm厚度马氏体冷轧钢板的起始组织示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中马氏体冷轧钢板经5℃/s加热至400℃,再以300℃/s加热至900℃保温0.5s后冷却的光学显微镜照片;
图3为本发明实施例中马氏体冷轧钢板经5℃/s加热至400℃,再以300℃/s加热至900℃保温0.5s后冷却的EBSD(电子背散射衍射)Image Quality照片;
图4为本发明实施例中马氏体冷轧钢板经5℃/s加热至400℃,再以300℃/s加热至900℃保温0.5s后冷却的样品的拉伸曲线;
图5为本发明实施例中马氏体冷轧钢板经超快速加热处理后所获得样品的力学性能总结。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)钢的冶炼与凝固:通过转炉、电炉或感应炉炼钢,采用连铸生产铸坯或模铸生产铸锭;
(2)铸坯或铸锭开坯后的热轧:将步骤(1)中得到的铸坯或铸锭经1050-1250℃加热,由粗轧机、热连轧机组轧制到2.5-15mm厚度,在500-700℃卷取;
(3)将步骤(2)中卷取后得到的热连轧卷进行酸洗处理,随后直接进行室温冷轧至0.5-2mm;
(4)对步骤(3)获得的冷轧钢板进行超快速加热工艺处理,将冷轧钢板以加热速率1-10℃/s加热到300-500℃,随后再以100-500℃/s的加热速率对冷轧钢板进行加热至奥氏体单相区850-950℃;或者可忽略预热工艺直接快速加热样品至奥氏体单相区且控制终温为850-950℃;无论哪种加热工艺下,钢板在保温不超过5s后立即水冷,得到超高强度冷轧钢板。
实施例
表1采用超快速加热马氏体冷轧钢板的化学成分(wt%)
钢种 C Si Mn Mo Cr Ti B Fe
MS1500 0.18 0.28 1.5 0.15 0.13 0.04 0.002 Rest
本实施例试验采用表1所示的化学成分,由转炉、连铸和热连轧产线轧制获得热轧产品,酸洗处理后进行冷轧,获得1.4mm厚度的冷轧钢板,冷轧组织为冷变形严重的珠光体+铁素体。对冷轧板进行900℃-3分钟连续退火后可以获得抗拉强度1530MPa,屈服1100MPa以及总延伸率6.5%的力学性能;而经由预热、超快速加热到900℃水冷的试验样品,可达到2257MPa的抗拉强度以及10.2%的总延伸率,此外屈服强度也高达1115MPa。具体地,超快速加热实验在热模拟试验机上先进行预热工艺,通过电阻加热以5℃/s加热冷轧样品至400℃,随后以300℃/s加热速率加热至850-950℃区间不同温度,保温0-5s内不同时间后立即水冷淬火。通过表2对超快速加热与连退样品的性能进行对比后发现,超快速加热样品的抗拉强度增幅超过700MPa,同时延伸率提升了3.7%,甚至在加热终温950℃时可以达到5.8%。此外,可以发现等温时间的延长会导致抗拉强度的降低。特别指出,该冷轧钢板加热至900℃和950℃不保温直接淬火,获得了最高抗拉强度和良好延伸率。
不采用预热直接以300℃/s的加热速率加热冷轧马氏体钢板到终点温度,不保温直接快速水冷,相应的力学性能也在表2给出。可以发现取消预热后钢板的强度得以进一步提升,在终温900℃时以及950℃时抗拉强度基本超过或接近2.3GPa,同时塑性也未损害。
图1展示了当前种的冷轧板的起始组织主要为冷变形严重的珠光体+铁素体。而经预热超快速加热到900℃处理后样品,由图2光学显微镜照片可以看出以的微观组织中存在细小的原奥氏体晶界,其中有大量尺寸小于1微米;由图3电子背散射衍射(EBSD)的Imagequality图像可知该组织主要为马氏体,其中包括大量的马氏体板条、马氏体包结构。图4为当前工艺下的拉伸曲线,超快速加热处理的样品具有更为优异的抗拉强度和均匀延伸率。图5为超快速加热下力学性能的总结,可以判断加热温度的提升至900℃-950℃的区间可以获得最佳的力学性能平衡,900℃抗拉强度更高而950℃塑性更优,此外没有等温的钢板力学性能更好。由此可以得出,当前方法具有极大的工艺优势,有望投入到实际生产当中。
表2冷轧马氏体钢板进行超快速加热及连退工艺的力学性能
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)钢的冶炼与凝固:通过转炉、电炉或感应炉炼钢,采用连铸生产铸坯或模铸生产铸锭;
(2)铸坯或铸锭开坯后的热轧:将步骤(1)中得到的铸坯或铸锭经1050-1250℃加热,由粗轧机、热连轧机组轧制到2.5-15mm厚度,在500-700℃卷取;
(3)将步骤(2)中卷取后得到的热连轧卷进行酸洗处理,随后直接进行室温冷轧至0.5-2mm;
(4)对步骤(3)获得的冷轧钢板进行超快速加热工艺处理,将冷轧钢板以加热速率1-10℃/s加热到300-500℃,然后以100-500℃/s的加热速率再加热至奥氏体单相区850-950℃;之后,钢板在保温不超过5s后立即水冷,得到超高强度冷轧钢板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中超快速加热工艺为:将冷轧钢板直接以100-500℃/s的加热速率,超快速加热至奥氏体单相区且控制终温为850-950℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中获得的冷轧钢板厚度低于2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)所得铸坯或铸锭的化学成分为0.1-0.3wt%C,0.5-2.5%Mn,0.05-0.3wt%Si,0.05-0.3wt%Mo,0.01-0.04wt%Ti,0.1-0.3wt%Cr,0.001-0.004wt%B,P≤0.020wt%,S≤0.02wt%,余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中的超快速加热工艺采用电阻或者磁感应通道加热实现。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)经超快速加热工艺制备的钢板,屈服强度≥1100MPa,抗拉强度为1800MPa-2300MPa,总延伸率达到12.3%,且均匀延伸率达到5.5-6%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的超快速加热工艺生产超高强度马氏体冷轧钢板的方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(1)所制得的铸坯或铸锭中另加以下一种或多种元素:Ni:0.1-3.0wt%、Cu:0.5-2.0wt%、Nb:0.02-0.10wt%、[N]:0.002-0.25wt%、V:0.02-0.35wt%、RE:0.002-0.005wt%、Ca:0.005-0.03wt%。
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CN109321828A (zh) * 2018-11-06 2019-02-12 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种1600MPa级冷轧马氏体钢及其生产方法
CN110592471A (zh) * 2019-08-26 2019-12-20 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 1200MPa级冷轧马氏体钢板及其制备方法
CN115181892B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2023-07-11 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 1180MPa级别低碳低合金TRIP钢及快速热处理制造方法
CN115181898A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-14 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种1280MPa级别低碳低合金Q&P钢及其快速热处理制造方法
CN115181886A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-14 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 980MPa级别低碳低合金双相钢及快速热处理制造方法
CN115181892A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-14 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 1180MPa级别低碳低合金TRIP钢及快速热处理制造方法
CN115181891A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-14 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 980MPa级别低碳低合金热镀锌双相钢及快速热处理热镀锌制造方法
CN115181891B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2023-07-11 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 980MPa级别低碳低合金热镀锌双相钢及快速热处理热镀锌制造方法
CN115181886B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2023-07-11 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 980MPa级别低碳低合金双相钢及快速热处理制造方法
CN115181898B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2023-10-13 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种1280MPa级别低碳低合金Q&P钢及其快速热处理制造方法
CN113652612B (zh) * 2021-08-19 2022-04-15 北京理工大学 非均质片层结构中锰钢及其制备方法
CN113652612A (zh) * 2021-08-19 2021-11-16 北京理工大学 非均质片层结构中锰钢及其制备方法

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