CN107791982A - A kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system - Google Patents
A kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107791982A CN107791982A CN201711231107.7A CN201711231107A CN107791982A CN 107791982 A CN107791982 A CN 107791982A CN 201711231107 A CN201711231107 A CN 201711231107A CN 107791982 A CN107791982 A CN 107791982A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air bag
- sensor
- control system
- dual redundant
- generating means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/24—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles
- B60N2/42—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles for particular purposes or particular vehicles the seat constructed to protect the occupant from the effect of abnormal g-forces, e.g. crash or safety seats
- B60N2/427—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash
- B60N2/42727—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash involving substantially rigid displacement
- B60N2/42736—Seats or parts thereof displaced during a crash involving substantially rigid displacement of the whole seat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R2021/01204—Actuation parameters of safety arrangents
- B60R2021/01211—Expansion of air bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R2021/01204—Actuation parameters of safety arrangents
- B60R2021/01252—Devices other than bags
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system, the dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system includes crash sensor, central controller, air bag, first gas generating means, second gas generating means;The crash sensor is arranged to detect whether to collide, and generates collision information;The air bag is divided into the first air bag and the second air bag;It is connected between first air bag and the second air bag by air bag magnetic valve;First air bag is connected with first gas generating means;Second air bag is connected with second gas generating means;The master reference is arranged to capture collision information, and controls first gas generating means and second gas generating means to carry out gas filling accordingly.By the invention it is possible to realize the intelligent control of air bag.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to control field, more particularly to a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system.
Background technology
At present, as the fast development of economy and auto industry, the popular popularity rate of automobile have been greatly improved.
Automobile quantity increases, and also results in the relative increase of collision accident.Therefore, people are also more next to vehicle safety, reliability
More pay attention to.
At present, air bag has become the important configuration of automotive safety, after car collision, air bag bullet
Go out, protect the safety of driver.But the sight of driver can be blocked after air bag ejection, unfamiliar driver can
Energy meeting mis-accelerator pressing because of nervous, causes secondary collision.Meanwhile if collision is serious, may damage car bus or electricity
Device equipment, cause short circuit and trigger automobile on fire, serious can also produce blast.
Therefore, after car collision, it is that automobile vendor gives birth in product to flee from and save oneself for occupant and provide safeguard
Into when the item to be considered.
But in the prior art, collision rift, often caused gas flow be uncontrollable, due to whole uncontrollable process,
Cause driver to be come to harm because of the ejection of air bag, even result in death.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes that one kind is based on above mentioned problem, it is proposed that a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy
Airbag control system, the dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system include crash sensor, central controller, air bag, the
One gas generating device, second gas generating means;
The crash sensor is arranged to detect whether to collide, and generates collision information;
The air bag is divided into the first air bag and the second air bag;Pass through between first air bag and the second air bag
Air bag magnetic valve is connected;
First air bag is connected with first gas generating means;
Second air bag is connected with second gas generating means;
The master reference is arranged to capture collision information, and controls first gas generating means and second gas accordingly
Generating means carry out gas filling.
Preferably, the system also includes first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, and the first pressure passes
Sensor, second pressure sensor are respectively arranged at first air bag, inside the second air bag, and the first pressure passes
Sensor, second pressure sensor are connected with central controller.
The system also includes the first check valve, the second check valve, magnetic valve, and first check valve is arranged at first
Between gas reaction device and the first air bag, second check valve is arranged at second gas reaction unit and the second safety
Between air bag, first magnetic valve, second solenoid valve are connected with the first air bag, the second air bag respectively, for reality
Now it is vented.
Preferably, the system also includes velocity sensor, and the velocity sensor is used for the speed for detecting vehicle, described
Velocity sensor is connected with central controller.
Preferably, the central controller can be carried out according to the signal of velocity sensor and the signal of crash sensor
Ventilating control.
Preferably, the system also includes ultrasonic sensor, and the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect and other vehicles
Spacing, the ultrasonic sensor is connected with central controller.
Preferably, the ultrasonic sensor includes preceding to ultrasonic sensor and backward ultrasonic sensor, uses respectively
In detection and front truck, the spacing of rear car.
The central controller is connected with forward direction ultrasonic sensor, backward ultrasonic sensor, according to the letter of ultrasonic wave
Breath, judges the distance change value amount in special time, if distance change amount exceedes threshold value, according to distance change amount and inflation
The relation of amount, aeration quantity is generated, then by central controller controls first gas reaction unit and/or second gas reaction unit,
It is inflated.
Preferably, first gas reaction unit and second gas reaction unit can be selected to produce gas flow identical dress
Put, different devices can also be selected.When selecting the device of different gas production, when colliding, central controller according to
One or more information in impact severity, velocity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, generate corresponding control information, the control
Packet information containing aeration quantity processed, it is corresponding according to aeration quantity information and the generation gas flow of gas with various reaction unit, selection
Gas reaction device is opened.
Preferably, the aeration quantity of first air bag is different from the aeration quantity of the second air bag, second peace
The aeration quantity of full air bag is less than the aeration quantity of the first safety device, in case of emergency can play cushioning effect.
Preferably, the system also includes automotive seat adjustment unit, and the automobile adjustment unit includes electric motor units, institute
The position that electric motor units are arranged to adjust seat is stated, the electric motor units electrically connect with central controller.
Preferably, the electric motor units include front and rear to electric motor units and inclination motor unit, described front and rear to motor list
Member comprising front and rear to motor, gear, it is described front and rear to being socketed with gear on electric motor units, the gear and be arranged at seat bottom
Rack fasten, realize front and rear to regulation;The inclination motor unit includes inclination motor, second gear, the inclination motor
It is socketed with second gear, the 3rd gear being meshed with second gear is set on the axle of the seat, by the 3rd gear, is realized
The tilt adjustment of seat.
Preferably, one or more letters of the central controller in impact severity, velocity sensor, ultrasonic sensor
Breath, corresponding control information is generated, the control information includes aeration quantity information and seat position regulation information, according to aeration quantity
The generation gas flow of information and gas with various reaction unit, corresponding gas reaction device is selected to open;Adjusted according to seat position
Save information, control seat position regulation.
Between the ultrasonic sensor and central controller, signal processing circuit, the signal transacting are additionally provided with
Circuit includes:Current signal input, Current Voltage converting unit, the first filter unit, difference amplifier, the second filtering are single
Member, operational amplifier and voltage signal output end;The current signal input passes sequentially through Current Voltage converting unit,
One filter unit, difference amplifier, the second filtering, operational amplifier are connected to central controller;The Current Voltage conversion is single
Member is precision resistance;First filter unit includes the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity;The current signal input and essence
After cipher telegram resistance is connected, then pass through the first electric capacity, the second capacity earth respectively.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:By the invention it is possible to the intelligent control of air bag.
Brief description of the drawings
The system construction drawing of Fig. 1 positions present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the present invention relates to a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system, the dual redundant forward secrecy
Airbag control system includes crash sensor, central controller, air bag, first gas generating means, second gas generating means;
The crash sensor is arranged to detect whether to collide, and generates collision information;
The air bag is divided into the first air bag and the second air bag;Pass through between first air bag and the second air bag
Air bag magnetic valve is connected;
First air bag is connected with first gas generating means;
Second air bag is connected with second gas generating means;
The master reference is arranged to capture collision information, and controls first gas generating means and second gas accordingly
Generating means carry out gas filling.
Preferably, the system also includes first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, and the first pressure passes
Sensor, second pressure sensor are respectively arranged at first air bag, inside the second air bag, and the first pressure passes
Sensor, second pressure sensor are connected with central controller.
The system also includes the first check valve, the second check valve, magnetic valve, and first check valve is arranged at first
Between gas reaction device and the first air bag, second check valve is arranged at second gas reaction unit and the second safety
Between air bag, first magnetic valve, second solenoid valve are connected with the first air bag, the second air bag respectively, for reality
Now it is vented.
Preferably, the system also includes velocity sensor, and the velocity sensor is used for the speed for detecting vehicle, described
Velocity sensor is connected with central controller.
Preferably, the central controller can be carried out according to the signal of velocity sensor and the signal of crash sensor
Ventilating control.
Preferably, the system also includes ultrasonic sensor, and the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect and other vehicles
Spacing, the ultrasonic sensor is connected with central controller.
Preferably, the ultrasonic sensor includes preceding to ultrasonic sensor and backward ultrasonic sensor, uses respectively
In detection and front truck, the spacing of rear car.
The central controller is connected with forward direction ultrasonic sensor, backward ultrasonic sensor, according to the letter of ultrasonic wave
Breath, judges the distance change value amount in special time, if distance change amount exceedes threshold value, according to distance change amount and inflation
The relation of amount, aeration quantity is generated, then by central controller controls first gas reaction unit and/or second gas reaction unit,
It is inflated.
Preferably, first gas reaction unit and second gas reaction unit can be selected to produce gas flow identical dress
Put, different devices can also be selected.When selecting the device of different gas production, when colliding, central controller according to
One or more information in impact severity, velocity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, generate corresponding control information, the control
Packet information containing aeration quantity processed, it is corresponding according to aeration quantity information and the generation gas flow of gas with various reaction unit, selection
Gas reaction device is opened.
Preferably, the aeration quantity of first air bag is different from the aeration quantity of the second air bag, second peace
The aeration quantity of full air bag is less than the aeration quantity of the first safety device, in case of emergency can play cushioning effect.
Preferably, the system also includes automotive seat adjustment unit, and the automobile adjustment unit includes electric motor units, institute
The position that electric motor units are arranged to adjust seat is stated, the electric motor units electrically connect with central controller.
Preferably, the electric motor units include front and rear to electric motor units and inclination motor unit, described front and rear to motor list
Member comprising front and rear to motor, gear, it is described front and rear to being socketed with gear on electric motor units, the gear and be arranged at seat bottom
Rack fasten, realize front and rear to regulation;The inclination motor unit includes inclination motor, second gear, the inclination motor
It is socketed with second gear, the 3rd gear being meshed with second gear is set on the axle of the seat, by the 3rd gear, is realized
The tilt adjustment of seat.
Preferably, one or more letters of the central controller in impact severity, velocity sensor, ultrasonic sensor
Breath, corresponding control information is generated, the control information includes aeration quantity information and seat position regulation information, according to aeration quantity
The generation gas flow of information and gas with various reaction unit, corresponding gas reaction device is selected to open;Adjusted according to seat position
Save information, control seat position regulation.
Between the ultrasonic sensor and central controller, signal processing circuit, the signal transacting are additionally provided with
Circuit includes:Current signal input, Current Voltage converting unit, the first filter unit, difference amplifier, the second filtering are single
Member, operational amplifier and voltage signal output end;The current signal input passes sequentially through Current Voltage converting unit,
One filter unit, difference amplifier, the second filtering, operational amplifier are connected to central controller;The Current Voltage conversion is single
Member is precision resistance;First filter unit includes the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity;The current signal input and essence
After cipher telegram resistance is connected, then pass through the first electric capacity, the second capacity earth respectively.
It should be noted that for foregoing each embodiment of the method, in order to be briefly described, therefore it is all expressed as a series of
Combination of actions, but those skilled in the art should know, the application is not limited by described sequence of movement, because according to
According to the application, certain some step can use other orders or carry out simultaneously.Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know
Know, embodiment described in this description belongs to preferred embodiment, involved action and unit not necessarily the application
It is necessary.
In the above-described embodiments, the description to each embodiment all emphasizes particularly on different fields, and is not described in some embodiment
Part, may refer to the associated description of other embodiment.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realize all or part of flow in above-described embodiment method, being can be with
The hardware of correlation is instructed to complete by computer program, described program can be stored in computer read/write memory medium
In, the program is upon execution, it may include such as the flow of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic
Dish, CD, ROM, RAM etc..
Above disclosure is only preferred embodiment of present invention, can not limit the right model of the present invention with this certainly
Enclose, therefore the equivalent variations made according to the claims in the present invention, still belong to the scope that the present invention is covered.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system, it is characterised in that the dual redundant forward secrecy air bag controlled system System includes crash sensor, central controller, air bag, first gas generating means, second gas generating means;The crash sensor is arranged to detect whether to collide, and generates collision information;The air bag is divided into the first air bag and the second air bag;Pass through between first air bag and the second air bag Air bag magnetic valve is connected;First air bag is connected with first gas generating means;Second air bag is connected with second gas generating means;The master reference is arranged to capture collision information, and controls first gas generating means and second gas accordingly Generating means carry out gas filling.
- 2. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the system is also wrapped Containing first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor, the first pressure sensor, second pressure sensor are set respectively Inside first air bag, the second air bag, the first pressure sensor, second pressure sensor and center are controlled Device processed is connected.
- 3. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the system is also wrapped Containing the first check valve, the second check valve, magnetic valve, first check valve is arranged at first gas reaction unit and the first peace Between full air bag, second check valve is arranged between second gas reaction unit and the second air bag, first electricity Magnet valve, second solenoid valve are connected with the first air bag, the second air bag respectively, are vented for realizing.
- 4. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the system is also wrapped Containing velocity sensor, the velocity sensor is used for the speed for detecting vehicle, and the velocity sensor is connected with central controller.
- 5. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the system is also wrapped Containing ultrasonic sensor, the ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the spacing with other vehicles, and the ultrasonic sensor is with Centre controller is connected.
- 6. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the ultrasonic wave passes Sensor, to ultrasonic sensor and backward ultrasonic sensor, is respectively used to detection and front truck, the spacing of rear car comprising preceding.
- 7. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the system is also wrapped Adjustment unit containing automotive seat, the automobile adjustment unit include electric motor units, and the electric motor units are arranged to adjustment seat The position of chair, the electric motor units electrically connect with central controller.
- A kind of 8. dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the electric motor units Comprising front and rear to electric motor units and inclination motor unit, it is described it is front and rear included to electric motor units it is front and rear to motor, gear, before described Gear, the gear and the rack fastening for being arranged at seat bottom are socketed with backward electric motor units, is realized front and rear to regulation;Institute State inclination motor unit and include inclination motor, second gear, the inclination motor is socketed with second gear, on the axle of the seat The 3rd gear that is meshed with second gear is set, by the 3rd gear, realizes the tilt adjustment of seat.
- 9. a kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that in the ultrasonic wave Between sensor and central controller, signal processing circuit is additionally provided with, the signal processing circuit includes:Current signal inputs End, Current Voltage converting unit, the first filter unit, difference amplifier, the second filter unit, operational amplifier and voltage letter Number output end;The current signal input pass sequentially through Current Voltage converting unit, the first filter unit, difference amplifier, Second filtering, operational amplifier are connected to central controller;The Current Voltage converting unit is precision resistance;First filter Ripple unit includes the first electric capacity and the second electric capacity;After the current signal input is connected with precision resistance, then pass through respectively First electric capacity, the second capacity earth.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711231107.7A CN107791982A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711231107.7A CN107791982A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN107791982A true CN107791982A (en) | 2018-03-13 |
Family
ID=61537072
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201711231107.7A Withdrawn CN107791982A (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | A kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN107791982A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111391779A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2020-07-10 | 阿尔特汽车技术股份有限公司 | Electric automobile safety airbag control method based on two CAN buses |
-
2017
- 2017-11-29 CN CN201711231107.7A patent/CN107791982A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111391779A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2020-07-10 | 阿尔特汽车技术股份有限公司 | Electric automobile safety airbag control method based on two CAN buses |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TW309489B (en) | ||
CN107839647A (en) | A kind of control system of safety air bag | |
KR100438645B1 (en) | Passive body protection device for vehicle and airbag module as a component thereof | |
EP0689969A2 (en) | Apparatus for inflating an inflatable vehicle occupant restraint | |
EP2783298A1 (en) | System and method for determining when to deploy vehicle safety system | |
CN107521448A (en) | Method and control device for the operation of the safety device that controls vehicle | |
CN110450749A (en) | The occupant detection method of sensor connection and passenger occupy detection system | |
CN102431516A (en) | Airbag deployment | |
CN102325672A (en) | Method and control device for classifying a collision of a vehicle | |
CN105912806A (en) | Small-overlap collision safety airbag control method based on adaptive neural fuzzy inference | |
JP6625319B2 (en) | Method of controlling filling of airbag for vehicle, airbag control device, airbag system, and computer program product | |
CN105905060A (en) | Intelligent automobile safety air bag system and control method | |
CN107813783A (en) | A kind of air bag pre-alarming control system based on gyroscope | |
CN107791982A (en) | A kind of dual redundant forward secrecy airbag control system | |
Mon | Airbag controller designed by adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) | |
US7320478B2 (en) | Smart airbag for vehicular applications | |
Mík et al. | Safety of crews of autonomous cars | |
CN104149733B (en) | Car roof Collapse Deformation is protective air-bag formula head rest device and control method thereof initiatively | |
CN106143380A (en) | The airbag deployment control system of a kind of automobile, gas-bag system and automobile | |
CN108372816A (en) | Control method, device and the automotive seat of automobile seat back cushion | |
CN107323522B (en) | Steering control system and method | |
CN105752015A (en) | Automobile safety airbag control system | |
CN113511166B (en) | Occupant restraint system for vehicle, restraint method, and medium | |
CN100396518C (en) | Method for firing restraining means | |
CN201362231Y (en) | Buffering airbag arranged outside a car |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180313 |
|
WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |