CN107789899A - 一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料 - Google Patents

一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料 Download PDF

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CN107789899A
CN107789899A CN201610833170.7A CN201610833170A CN107789899A CN 107789899 A CN107789899 A CN 107789899A CN 201610833170 A CN201610833170 A CN 201610833170A CN 107789899 A CN107789899 A CN 107789899A
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王永华
黄超
王江梅
郑春丽
付映雪
郭子湖
陈学通
汪纪楠
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Yangling Research Center Of Modernization Of Chinese Medicine
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料，该粘性材料由蛋白粉、淀粉、粘蛋白、纤维素、单宁、阿拉伯树胶、糊精、骨胶、鱼胶、血蛋白胶、酪蛋白、紫胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、明胶、海藻酸钠和魔芋胶中的两种或者多种组成。本发明方法的有益效果为：本发明的一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料具有捕集效率高、压损小、取材广、成本低廉的优点，对空气中的粉尘，微生物，PM2.5均有较好的过滤效果。

Description

一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料
技术领域
本发明属于空气过滤介质领域，涉及一种空气净化器用自清洁涂层材料。
背景技术
中国国内大部分城市，大气中PM2.5浓度的超标已经成为不争的事实，这将成为急需解决的环境问题之一，为此国家颁布了一系列的环境政策。早在2007年中国环保产业协会颁布了袋式除尘器用料及滤袋的国家标准，对于煤炭锅炉烟气的排放要求越来越严格，要求滤袋具有更高的捕集率。从2013年开始，各个省份逐渐对排放采取更加严格的要求，20mg/m3以下的排放呈现普及化的要求。但是由于过滤材料应用环境恶劣(排放烟气温度高、烟气中SO2，NOx含量高)，过滤材料的效率及寿命面临严峻的考验。
近年来，净化工程和净化设备对滤材的技术性能要求逐步向节能低耗型发展，对环境和空气净化的要求越来越高，对空气净化材料的各种性能指标要求也越来越高。现有的袋式过滤器除尘袋滤布是由三层复合构成，即由面层、中层和底层复合构成，除尘袋滤布的底面层是以各种纤维材料制成的过滤布，主要是以聚丙烯纤维、丙纶滤布、涤纶滤布、锦纶滤布、无纺滤布制成，其中以聚丙烯纤维为主要原料制成的PP无纺滤布应用最为广泛，这种无纺布是在控制温度和湿度条件下通过热熔方法完成纤维相互粘接制成的过滤材料，但是在额定风速为1.5m/s时，测试阻力为12Pa，对0.5um粒径的粒子过滤效率是14.6％，抗拉强度横向为40N/5cm，纵向为50N/5cm。现有PP无纺布相对于目前市场对抗拉强度的需求横向≥70N/5cm、纵向≥90N/5cm低，容易断裂，抗刮性能较低会导致产品破损率高，突发率增加。那么过滤材料的应用就显得非常必要，但市面上的家用过滤材料比较少，而且价格不菲，耐久性、可重复利用性不高。
如中国公开专利CN102335533A公开了一种过滤材料及其用途，该过滤材料的过滤面层是由含有10～90wt％平均直径在10μm以下的耐热性纤维与含有10～90wt％平均直径在10～20μm耐热性纤维混合组成的纤维网，该过滤材料的过滤性能确实良好，而且压损也能够保持较小值，但该过滤材料的捕集效率低，难于捕集到细小粒子。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的缺陷，提供一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料。
本发明通过下述方案实现：
一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料，该粘性材料由蛋白粉、淀粉、粘蛋白、纤维素、单宁、阿拉伯树胶、糊精、骨胶、鱼胶、血蛋白胶、酪蛋白、紫胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、明胶、海藻酸钠和魔芋胶中的两种或者多种组成。
以质量份计，该粘性材料由蛋白粉1-5份，淀粉1-8份、粘蛋白1-7份、纤维素1-3份、单宁1-7份、阿拉伯树胶1-9份、糊精1-5份、骨胶1-7份、鱼胶1-5份、血蛋白胶1-3份、酪蛋白1-5份、紫胶1-6份、羧甲基纤维素钠1-5份、卡拉胶1-3份、黄原胶1-3份、瓜尔豆胶1-5份、明胶1-3份、海藻酸钠1-6份和魔芋胶1-5份中的两种或者多种组成。
本发明方法的有益效果为：本发明的一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料具有捕集效率高、压损小、取材广、成本低廉的优点，对空气中的粉尘，微生物，PM2.5均有较好的过滤效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明：
一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料，该粘性材料由蛋白粉、淀粉、粘蛋白、纤维素、单宁、阿拉伯树胶、糊精、骨胶、鱼胶、血蛋白胶、酪蛋白、紫胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、明胶、海藻酸钠和魔芋胶中的两种或者多种组成。
以质量份计，该粘性材料由蛋白粉1-5份，淀粉1-8份、粘蛋白1-7份、纤维素1-3份、单宁1-7份、阿拉伯树胶1-9份、糊精1-5份、骨胶1-7份、鱼胶1-5份、血蛋白胶1-3份、酪蛋白1-5份、紫胶1-6份、羧甲基纤维素钠1-5份、卡拉胶1-3份、黄原胶1-3份、瓜尔豆胶1-5份、明胶1-3份、海藻酸钠1-6份和魔芋胶1-5份中的两种或者多种组成。上述粘性材料中，所述各种材料可以是从植物中直接提取获得的，也可以是市售的产品。所述从植物中提取的方法是本领域常规的方法。
上述的粘性材料中，所述糊精广泛应用于医药、食品、造纸、铸造、壁纸、标签、邮票、胶带纸等的粘合剂；海藻酸钠，一种天然多糖，具有药物制剂辅料所需的稳定性、溶解性、粘性和安全性。1881年，英国化学家E.C.Stanford首先对褐色海藻中的海藻酸盐提取物进行科学研究。他发现该褐藻酸的提取物具有几种很有趣的特性，它具有浓缩溶液、形成凝胶和成膜的能力；羧甲基纤维素钠是葡萄糖聚合度为100～2000的纤维素衍生物，白色纤维状或颗粒状粉末。无臭，无味，无味，有吸湿性，不溶于有机溶剂。食品工业中用作增稠剂，医药工业中用作药物载体，日用化学工业中用作黏结剂、抗再沉凝剂。印染工业中用作上浆剂和印花糊料的保护胶体等；卡拉胶为白色或浅褐色颗粒或粉末，无臭或微臭，口感粘滑。溶于约80℃水，形成粘性、透明或轻微乳白色的易流动溶液。如先用乙醇、甘油或饱和蔗糖水溶液浸湿，则较易分散于水中；黄原胶又称黄胶、汉生胶，黄单胞多糖，是一种由假黄单胞菌属发酵产生的单孢多糖，为浅黄色至白色可流动粉末，稍带臭味。易溶于冷、热水中，溶液中性，耐冻结和解冻，不溶于乙醇。遇水分散、乳化变成稳定的亲水性粘稠胶体；瓜尔胶为白色至浅黄褐色自由流动的粉末，接近无臭，能分散在热或冷的水中形成黏稠液，1％水溶液的黏度约3000mPa·S，添加少量四硼酸钠则转变成凝胶。分散于冷水中约2h后呈现很强黏度，以后黏度逐渐增大，24h达到最高点；明胶(Gelatin)，没有固定的结构和相对分子量，由动物皮肤、骨、肌膜、肌魅等结缔组织中的胶原部分降解而成为白色或淡黄色、半透明、微带光泽的薄片或粉粒；是一种无色无味，无挥发性、透明坚硬的非晶体物质，可溶于热水，不溶于冷水，但可以缓慢吸水膨胀软化，明胶可吸收相当于重量5-10倍的水；魔芋的主要成分是葡甘露聚糖，作为增稠剂和稳定剂可以添加到果冻、果酱、果汁、蔬菜汁、雪糕、冰淇淋及其他冷饮、固体饮料、调味粉和汤料粉中；作为粘结剂可以添加到面条、米线、绞皮、肉丸、火腿肠、面包和糕点中以增强筋力和保持新鲜状态；作为凝胶剂可以添加到各种软糖、牛皮糖和水晶糖中，还可以用来制作仿生食品。所述材料均为粘性高，无毒性，极易溶于水的可食用胶，对烟尘，PM2.5，微生物等有较强的吸附能力，对空气净化的效率极高。
下面结合在实际的应用和相关实验对本发明的效果进行进一步说明：
粘性材料的制备及效果验证实验
称取5g糊精，加热溶于200ml蒸馏水中，干热或湿热法灭菌，待其冷却后待用。
PM2.5检测仪1台、口罩过滤效率检测装置1台、30W风机一台。
实验方法：
在一个约1平方米的密闭空间内，点燃香烟，模拟PM2.5高浓度环境。测得室内PM2.5原始值为50μg/m3，点燃1支香烟，室内PM2.5数值升至151μg/m3；将需测试口罩用橡皮筋依次罩到风机口上，30秒后观察PM2.5数值变化情况。
通电后，风机转动时带动气体向下流动，将口罩套在入风口，在风机的作用下，气体透过口罩从入风口进入测量腔中，分别测量通电前PM2.5浓度和口罩过滤后的PM2.5浓度。
用公式：过滤效率＝(滤前PM2.5值-滤后PM2.5值)/滤前PM2.5值，即可计算出口罩对PM2.5的过滤效率。
实验组：取制备好的粘性材料，均匀涂抹于口罩中层过滤网之上，使用的口罩为特制口罩，外层与内层均为防水材料；
阴性对照组：使用实验组的内外层防水材料，制成空白组的口罩；
阳性对照组：使用PM2.5口罩。具体的实验结果如表1所示。
表1.实验设计及结果
从表1中可以看出，3M口罩的空气净化率大约在90％左右，不加过滤材料的防水夹层的过滤率也在35％，所有的实验组的过滤率均在90％以上，最高可达到92.74％。说明本发明对PM2.5具有较高的过滤效果。
本发明不同的比例混合后对空气均有较好的过滤作用，只是过滤效果不同。通过实验验证，单独的材料糊精，羧甲基纤维素钠的过滤效果最好，组合中，瓜尔豆胶和海藻酸钠组合的过滤效果最好。但其他组合均优于普通的纺布及其它过滤材料。
粘性材料对空气中的微生物的过滤效果
实验材料
电炉，培养基，培养箱，无菌台，锥形瓶，培养皿，棉花塞，橡皮筋，玻棒，烧杯，1m3的封闭装置若干，风机，试验用3M口罩，涂有粘性过滤材料的口罩。
当空气中个体微小的微生物落到适合于它们生长繁殖的固体培养基的表面时，在适温下培养一段时间后，每一个分散的菌体或孢子就会形成一个个肉眼可见的细胞群体即菌落。本实验通过检测被过滤后的空气中的微生物菌落数量来检测过滤材料对空气中微生物的过滤效果。
配制牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基，倒平板，说先测定空气中微生物的密度，在密闭的1m3空间内的四角及中央采取五个点，暴露空气中10min，避开风口，离墙壁距离应大于0.1m；之后用风机将密闭空间内的空气经过过滤材料的过滤，过滤时间为30s，静置10min，是空气中的微生物分布均均，在次在相同的位点取样。采样好的培养皿置入37℃培养箱中培养24H，观察并记录微生物菌落数量。
实验组设计3M口罩组，阴性对照组，涂有粘性材料的口罩组。
表2.菌落数量统计
除菌率＝[(左上前+右上前+中央前+左下前+右下前)/5-(左上后+右上后+中央后+左下后+右下后)/5]/(左上前+右上前+中央前+左下前+右下前]/5
由表2可以看出，涂有粘性材料的口罩其除菌率均高于3M口罩的除菌率，最高的可达84.62％。所以，本发明对空气中的粉尘，微生物，PM2.5均有较好的过滤效果。
本发明方法的有益效果为：本发明的一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料具有捕集效率高、压损小、取材广、成本低廉的优点，对空气中的粉尘，微生物，PM2.5均有较好的过滤效果。
尽管已经对本发明的技术方案做了较为详细的阐述和列举，应当理解，对于本领域技术人员来说，对上述实施例做出修改或者采用等同的替代方案，这对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料，其特征在于，该粘性材料由蛋白粉、淀粉、粘蛋白、纤维素、单宁、阿拉伯树胶、糊精、骨胶、鱼胶、血蛋白胶、酪蛋白、紫胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶、瓜尔豆胶、明胶、海藻酸钠和魔芋胶中的两种或者多种组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气净化器用自清洁纳米涂层材料，其特征在于：以质量份计，该粘性材料由蛋白粉1-5份，淀粉1-8份、粘蛋白1-7份、纤维素1-3份、单宁1-7份、阿拉伯树胶1-9份、糊精1-5份、骨胶1-7份、鱼胶1-5份、血蛋白胶1-3份、酪蛋白1-5份、紫胶1-6份、羧甲基纤维素钠1-5份、卡拉胶1-3份、黄原胶1-3份、瓜尔豆胶1-5份、明胶1-3份、海藻酸钠1-6份和魔芋胶1-5份中的两种或者多种组成。
CN201610833170.7A 2016-09-01 2016-09-01 一种用于空气过滤的粘性材料 Pending CN107789899A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109337422A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-15 北京五洲蓝田环境科技有限公司 一种垃圾填埋无土覆盖的方法
CN111480910A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-08-04 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种医用口罩及其应用

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109337422A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-15 北京五洲蓝田环境科技有限公司 一种垃圾填埋无土覆盖的方法
CN111480910A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-08-04 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种医用口罩及其应用

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