CN107782132A - A kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device - Google Patents
A kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107782132A CN107782132A CN201610731900.2A CN201610731900A CN107782132A CN 107782132 A CN107782132 A CN 107782132A CN 201610731900 A CN201610731900 A CN 201610731900A CN 107782132 A CN107782132 A CN 107782132A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- delivery pipe
- stove
- melting chamber
- pipe
- improved structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B2014/085—Preheating of the charge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
- F27M2001/01—Charges containing mainly non-ferrous metals
- F27M2001/012—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/13—Smelting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device, including stove outer covering, stove inner casing, charge door and drainage conduit, also include casting case, drainage conduit connects melting chamber and casting case, blast pipe and appendix are provided with the outside of casting case, air inlet pipe is provided with stove outer covering, air inlet pipe connects exterior space and melting chamber, electric heating layer is provided between stove outer covering and stove inner casing, also include delivery pipe, delivery pipe is through stove outer covering side into melting chamber, delivery pipe one end connects with melting chamber, connection charge door in top on the outside of delivery pipe, inside the charge door connection exterior space and delivery pipe, conveying axis are provided with delivery pipe, conveying axis are provided with helical blade.The present invention changes feeding manner, traditional feed pipe is possessed the function of preheating workpiece to be melted, reduces the work load of operating personnel, save fusing time and heat energy, improve production efficiency, additionally provide protection gas, improve casting quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metallurgical plant, and in particular to a kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device.
Background technology
Door and window as in people's daily life often in contact with to article, not only play and keep out wind and rain, be heat-insulated, insulating against sound, adopting
Light, ventilation etc. act on, but also are the important components of architectural image, and their shape, size, color, moulding etc. are to building
Building the moulded of thing has critically important influence.As the improvement of people's living standards, people are more next to the demand of door and window
Bigger, the requirement to door and window is also more and more diversified.
Aluminum alloy doors and windows are an important branch of door and window, aluminum alloy doors and windows refer to use aluminum alloy extrusion section bar for frame,
The door and window that stile, fan material make.Aluminum alloy doors and windows are because having the characteristics that attractive in appearance, sealing, intensity is high is widely used.Aluminium alloy
The section bar and glass style of door and window are divided into glazing bar style and flower glass style, wherein, glazing bar style is based on aluminium is thick, style is sedate
Characteristic is wanted, for flower glass style with aluminium various shapes, style vivaciously for main characteristics, style has lattice, ice sculpture, low relief, brilliant shellfish etc..
The first procedure is exactly blanking in the aluminum alloy doors and windows technological process of production, and required aluminium can be obtained by blanking
Alloy frame material and fan material, however, no matter the device of blanking has more accurate and high-end, much discarded leftover pieces can be all produced, it is right
For a factory, if these discarded leftover pieces, which are directly thrown away, to cause the loss of flood tide, many enterprises all select now
Select and try every possible means efficiently to reclaim these discarded leftover pieces so as to reduce the production cost of aluminum alloy doors and windows to reach lifting oneself
The purpose of product competitiveness.
The first step of recovery aluminium alloy scrap needs to melt these aluminium alloy scraps, and equipment used is melting furnace, fusing
Stove can meet aluminum alloy melting technique well.But traditional melting furnace all uses in preheated metallic and is separately provided preheating
Stove or preheating chamber are preheated, and the workpiece after preheating is taken out and added into melting furnace again after the completion of preheating, are so done not
The workload of operating personnel is increase only, and increases thermal energy consumption so that low production efficiency, in addition, traditional melting furnace
It cannot accomplish to completely cut off air well during charging, fusing and casting, cause the dioxygen oxidation metal liquid in air, it is empty
In gas vapor generation hydrogen can to produce serious pin hole on the Mechanical processing of casting face to be formed, reduce the matter of casting
Amount.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are directed to the shortcomings that conventional fused stove, there is provided a kind of molten with preheating device
The improved structure of change stove, solve conventional fused stove needs one preheating furnace of extra setting and operating personnel's workload is increased,
Plant energy consumption is big and the conventional fused stove casting caused by molten metal and air contact during charging, fusing and casting
Low-quality problem.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:A kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device, including stove
Shell and charge door, are provided with stove inner casing on the inside of the stove outer covering, and the stove inner housing inner space forms melting chamber, in stove inner casing
Side is provided with drainage conduit, in addition to casting case, the drainage conduit connection melting chamber and casting case, the casting case outside row of being provided with
Tracheae and appendix, wherein, blast pipe connection casting case and exterior space, appendix connect casting case and melting chamber, stove outer covering
On be provided with air inlet pipe, air inlet pipe connection exterior space and melting chamber, be provided with electric heating layer between stove outer covering and stove inner casing, also
Including delivery pipe, the delivery pipe is through stove outer covering side into melting chamber, and delivery pipe one end connects with melting chamber, the other end
End face is closed, connection charge door in top on the outside of delivery pipe, inside the charge door connection exterior space and delivery pipe, in delivery pipe
Conveying axis are provided with, the conveying axis to exterior space and are connected with drive device through conveying end surfaces, set around conveying axis
It is equipped with helical blade.In the prior art, it is general that preheating furnace is specially set in order to solve the problems, such as to treat fusing workpiece preheating, in advance
Hot stove needs individually heating, wastes the energy, and after preheated workpiece is taken out from preheating furnace, because workpiece is metal,
It can be radiated with faster speed, and need operating personnel to take out workpiece from preheating furnace and put the workpiece in melting furnace, increased
The workload of operating personnel, and workpiece to be melted can also touch air, some melting furnaces in stove using setting
Dual chamber, i.e. melting chamber and preheating chamber are put, but the setting of preheating chamber occupies the larger space of melting furnace and setting is more complicated, no
It is easy to repair, and pre-heat effect is also bad.On the other hand, in process of production, deposited in fusing metal especially aluminium alloy
Serious the problem of, i.e., aluminium liquid can absorb hydrogen, cause to produce pin hole on Mechanical processing of casting face so as to reduce the quality of product, aluminium liquid
In hydrogen main source be the reaction of aluminium liquid and steam, although any instrument used in production can all dry, for aluminium
It is still moist for liquid, it is adsorbed hydrogen;Oxygen present in air can make metal liquid oxidation, be unfavorable for metal
Fusing.In order to solve the above mentioned problem of conventional fused stove, the present invention proposes a kind of improvement of the melting furnace with preheating device
Structure, when using the present apparatus, first by air inlet pipe connective protection gas cylinder, blast pipe connection vavuum pump, then using protection
Gas is replaced to fusing chamber inner space, and after the completion of displacement, connecting air or be passed through observation in observation oil blast pipe is
It is no to have bubble generation, keep the circulation of protection gas in melting chamber.Electric heating layer is opened, is supervised by the temperature being arranged in melting chamber
Device is surveyed by the temperature control of melting chamber at 200 to 300 °, is then turned on the drive device connected in delivery pipe, drive device it is defeated
Go out end and drive conveying axis rotation, so as to drive helical blade to rotate, blast pipe is closed afterwards, further opens air inlet limb
Valve, the intake of increase protection gas, opens charging lid, and at this moment then gas pours into from charging lid discharge from charge door
Into delivery pipe, workpiece to be melted is gradually delivered in melting chamber workpiece to be melted in delivery pipe by helical blade, by
There is temperature in melting chamber, so also having certain temperature, the protective gas flowed through from workpiece surface to be melted in delivery pipe
The vapor that workpiece surface to be melted evaporates is taken out of from charge door, workpiece to be melted after the vapor on surface is got rid of with
Helical blade to be heated while entering in melting chamber, during whole charging, protection gas not only acts as isolation air
Effect, the preheating of workpiece to be melted more fully and has been taken away the vapor of workpiece surface.After the completion of charging, continue
The temperature of melting chamber is heated to 600 to 700 °, charging lid is closed, opens blast pipe, at this moment protects gas to enter from air inlet pipe molten
Change in room, by efferent duct enter in casting case and be finally passed through from blast pipe air or from it is oily in, after the completion of fusing,
Drainage conduit is opened, molten metal completes casting by being entered in drainage conduit in casting case.By aforesaid operations, in charging, fusing
During casting, carried in melting chamber and casting case with the presence of protection gas so as to cause molten metal to completely cut off air well
The high quality of casting.In addition, aforesaid operations have reached the purpose for making full use of heat energy, workpiece to be melted is being transported to fusing
Also it is gradually heated up during room, is directly melted after preheated, alleviate operating personnel's compared to traditional melting furnace
Workload, save fusing time.
Further, one end that the drainage conduit is located in melting chamber is provided with filter screen.Filter screen is set to prevent not complete
The workpiece of running down blocks drainage conduit, leads to not continuously cast molding.
Further, the part of the output end of the drive device and conveying axis connection is resistant to elevated temperatures heat-insulating material.It is molten
Change indoor temperature is higher, if conveying axis use metal material entirely, can transfer heat to drive device causes drive device to receive damage,
So the output end of drive device and the part that links of conveying axis are protected using resistant to elevated temperatures heat-insulating material to drive device.
Further, cooling device is installed on the outside of the appendix, angle valve is provided with appendix.After the completion of charging,
Protect gas to enter from air inlet pipe in melting chamber, because temperature is very high in melting chamber, also possess after protection aspiration heat higher
Temperature, then by appendix enter casting case in when, on the outside of appendix set cooling device can to enter casting case
In protect gas not have too high temperature and cause extend casting molding time.Cooling device uses the structure of condenser pipe,
The pipeline for surrounding appendix is provided with appendix periphery, is passed through and discharges in the duct cooling water and cause height by appendix
Cooling is so incensed that in temperature protection, so that casting molding time shortens.Set angle valve operating personnel can be made to better control over gas
The flowing of body, for example, in charging, the angle valve closed on appendix can be such that protection gas does not enter in casting case and straight
Connect from charging mouth of pipe discharge.
Further, it is provided with pressure gauge in the air inlet pipe.Set pressure gauge that operating personnel can be made to observe fusing
Pressure in room simultaneously checks air-tightness, makes the operation of displacement protection gas more smooth.
Further, the edge of the helical blade and the inwall of delivery pipe have gap, and gap is less than the leaf of helical blade
Radius surface.The edge of helical blade and the inwall of delivery pipe must have gap, otherwise the edge of helical blade and delivery pipe
Inner side can all be worn, and higher live load can be caused to drive device, but gap can not be too big, and otherwise helical blade is not
There is the function of promoting workpiece to be melted to enter melting chamber again.
Further, drive device is provided with above the stove outer covering, the output end of the drive device is connected with rotation
Axle, for the rotary shaft through stove outer covering into melting chamber, rotary shaft lower end is connected with agitating paddle.Can be more quick by stirring
Ground melts workpiece, improves the operating efficiency of melting chamber.
Further, the length of the agitating paddle is 3/4ths of fusing chamber radius.Found, stirred by production practices
When the length of oar is melts 3/4ths of chamber radius, the drive device of the operating efficiency highest of melting chamber, i.e. connection rotary shaft
Most uniform stirring can be carried out to the workpiece in melting chamber with the live load of minimum.
Further, the output end of the drive device and the part for rotating axis connection are resistant to elevated temperatures heat-insulating material.This
The purpose that sample is set is also to the drive device of protection connection rotary shaft, the temperature for making it not conducted because of rotary shaft
And produce damage.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and advantages:
1st, the present invention changes feeding manner, traditional feed pipe is possessed the function of preheating workpiece to be melted,
Reduce the work load of operating personnel, save fusing time, saved heat energy, improve production efficiency;
2nd, the present invention is had found when the length of agitating paddle is melts 3/4ths of chamber radius, drive device by production practices
More preferable stirring can be reached with less live load, further improve the operating efficiency of melting furnace;
3rd, the present invention using protection gas avoid oxygen in charging, fusing and casting stage workpiece and air to be melted and
Water contacts so that Mechanical processing of casting face will not form pin hole, improve the quality of casting.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used for providing further understanding the embodiment of the present invention, forms one of the application
Point, do not form the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of semi-section of the present invention.
Mark and corresponding parts title in accompanying drawing:
1- stove outer coverings, 2- stove inner casings, 3- electric heating layers, 4- puddlers, 5- conveying axis, 6- helical blades, 7- charge doors, 8- air inlets
Pipe, 9- appendixs, 10- drainage conduits, 11- blast pipes, 12- delivery pipes, 13- rotary shafts.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation are only used for explaining the present invention, do not make
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the present invention is a kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device, including stove outer covering 1 and plus
Material mouth 7, the inner side of stove outer covering 1 are provided with stove inner casing 2, and the inner space of stove inner casing 2 forms melting chamber, the inner side of stove inner casing 2
Drainage conduit 10, in addition to casting case are provided with, the drainage conduit 10 connects melting chamber and casting case, the casting case outside row of being provided with
Tracheae 11 and appendix 9, wherein, blast pipe 11 connects casting case and exterior space, and appendix 9 connects casting case and melting chamber,
Air inlet pipe 8 is provided with stove outer covering 1, air inlet pipe 8 connects exterior space and melting chamber, is provided between stove outer covering 1 and stove inner casing 2
Electric heating layer 3, in addition to delivery pipe 12, the delivery pipe 12 through the side of stove outer covering 1 into melting chamber, the one end of delivery pipe 12 with
Melting chamber connects, the end face closing of the other end, and the outside of delivery pipe 12 top connection charge door 7, the charge door 7 connects outside sky
Between and delivery pipe 12 inside, be provided with conveying axis 5 in delivery pipe 12, the conveying axis 5 are through the end face of delivery pipe 12 to outside empty
Between and be connected with drive device, conveying axis 5 are provided with helical blade 6.Further, the drainage conduit 10 is located at melting chamber
In one end be provided with filter screen.Further, the part that the output end of the drive device is connected with conveying axis 5 is resistant to elevated temperatures
Heat-insulating material.Further, the outside of appendix 9 is provided with cooling device, and angle valve is provided with appendix 9.Further,
Pressure gauge is provided with the air inlet pipe 8.Further, there is gap at the edge of the helical blade 6 with the inwall of delivery pipe 12,
Gap is less than the blade face radius of helical blade 6.Further, the top of stove outer covering 1 is provided with drive device, the driving dress
The output end put is connected with rotary shaft 13, and through stove outer covering 1 into melting chamber, the lower end of rotary shaft 13 is connected with the rotary shaft 13
Agitating paddle 4.Further, the length of the agitating paddle 4 is 3/4ths of fusing chamber radius.Further, the driving dress
The part that the output end put is connected with rotary shaft 13 is resistant to elevated temperatures heat-insulating material.During using the present apparatus, put first by nitrogen
The air changed in melting chamber, electric heating layer 3 is then turned on, by the temperature monitoring that is arranged in melting chamber by the temperature of melting chamber
Degree rises to 200 to 300 °, is then turned on the motor connected in delivery pipe 12, and the output end of motor drives spiral by conveying axis 5
Blade 6 rotates, and after melting chamber is kept for 200 to 300 ° of a period of times, the angle valve on closing blast pipe 11 and appendix 9, opens and adds
Material mouth 7 is covered so that gas is discharged from charge door 7, is continued to turn on the angle valve of air inlet pipe 11, is increased the intake of nitrogen, afterwards will
Workpiece to be melted is poured into delivery pipe 12 from charge door 7, and workpiece to be melted is gradual by helical blade 6 in delivery pipe 12
It is delivered in melting chamber, workpiece to be melted is fallen into melting chamber after being gradually heated in delivery pipe 12, when fusing indoor stack
The motor positioned at the top of stove outer covering 1 is opened in product part after the workpiece of preheating, and motor drives agitating paddle 4 by rotary shaft 13
Start to stir, continue to heat the temperature of melting chamber afterwards to 600 to 700 °, after charging, close charge door 7 and cover, the row of unlatching
Tracheae 11 and appendix 9, nitrogen is set to be entered after air inlet pipe 11 enters melting chamber, then by appendix 9 in casting case, finally
Entered by blast pipe 11 in air or observation oil, stir in fusion process, reduce the intake of nitrogen, keep nitrogen molten
Change in room and casting case and circulate, after the completion of fusing, open the die casting that drainage conduit 10 is pointed in casting case, beat simultaneously
The condenser pipe for opening the outside of appendix 9 cools to the nitrogen by appendix 9, and final casting melts in the environment of air is completely cut off
Change simultaneously cast molding.
Above-described embodiment, the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are carried out further
Describe in detail, should be understood that the embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc., all should include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device, including stove outer covering(1)And charge door(7), the stove outer covering
(1)Inner side is provided with stove inner casing(2), the stove inner casing(2)Inner space forms melting chamber, stove inner casing(2)Inner side is provided with row
Expects pipe(10), it is characterised in that also including casting case, the drainage conduit(10)Connect melting chamber and casting case, casting case outside
It is provided with blast pipe(11)And appendix(9), wherein, blast pipe(11)Connect casting case and exterior space, appendix(9)Connection
Casting case and melting chamber, stove outer covering(1)On be provided with air inlet pipe(8), air inlet pipe(8)Exterior space and melting chamber are connected, outside stove
Shell(1)With stove inner casing(2)Between be provided with electric heating layer(3), in addition to delivery pipe(12), the delivery pipe(12)Outside stove
Shell(1)Side is into melting chamber, delivery pipe(12)One end connects with melting chamber, the end face closing of the other end, delivery pipe(12)Outside
Connection charge door above side(7), the charge door(7)Connect exterior space and delivery pipe(12)Inside, delivery pipe(12)Inside set
It is equipped with conveying axis(5), the conveying axis(5)Through delivery pipe(12)End face is to exterior space and is connected with drive device, surrounds
Conveying axis(5)It is provided with helical blade(6).
A kind of 2. improved structure of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the row
Expects pipe(10)One end in melting chamber is provided with filter screen.
A kind of 3. improved structure of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drive
The output end and conveying axis of dynamic device(5)The part of connection is resistant to elevated temperatures heat-insulating material.
4. the improved structure of a kind of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described defeated
Tracheae(9)Outside is provided with cooling device, appendix(9)On be provided with angle valve.
A kind of 5. improved structure of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described enter
Tracheae(8)On be provided with pressure gauge.
A kind of 6. improved structure of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the spiral shell
Vane piece(6)Edge and delivery pipe(12)Inwall have gap, gap is less than helical blade(6)Blade face radius.
A kind of 7. improved structure of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the stove
Shell(1)Top is provided with drive device, and the output end of the drive device is connected with rotary shaft(13), the rotary shaft(13)
Through stove outer covering(1)Into melting chamber, rotary shaft(13)Lower end is connected with agitating paddle(4).
8. the improved structure of a kind of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described to stir
Mix oar(4)Length for fusing chamber radius 3/4ths.
A kind of 9. improved structure of melting furnace with preheating device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the drive
The output end and rotary shaft of dynamic device(13)The part of connection is resistant to elevated temperatures heat-insulating material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201610731900.2A CN107782132A (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | A kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device |
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CN201610731900.2A CN107782132A (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | A kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN107782132A true CN107782132A (en) | 2018-03-09 |
Family
ID=61439922
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CN201610731900.2A Withdrawn CN107782132A (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | A kind of improved structure of the melting furnace with preheating device |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111893304A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 贵溪三元金属有限公司 | Lead-free continuous vacuum distillation equipment for lead-tin alloy |
-
2016
- 2016-08-26 CN CN201610731900.2A patent/CN107782132A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111893304A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 贵溪三元金属有限公司 | Lead-free continuous vacuum distillation equipment for lead-tin alloy |
CN111893304B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-01 | 贵溪三元金属有限公司 | Lead-free continuous vacuum distillation equipment for lead-tin alloy |
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WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20180309 |
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