CN107769258B - Power supply system of independent micro-grid and control method thereof - Google Patents
Power supply system of independent micro-grid and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power supply system of an independent microgrid, which comprises a diesel generator set, a photovoltaic generator set, a wind generator set and an energy control unit, wherein the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set are all connected to an alternating current bus to supply power to a load; the energy control unit is connected with the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set and controls the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the generating power of each generator set. The invention also discloses a control method, which is used for controlling the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the diesel generator set under the condition that the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set normally operate so as to provide enough power allowance on the premise of meeting the load power. The system and the method of the invention have the advantages of improving the energy utilization rate and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a power supply system of an independent micro-grid and a control method thereof.
Background
In many remote areas far from the power grid, diesel generator sets are often used to supply electricity due to the high cost of erecting the power grid. The diesel generating set not only can generate noise and cause environmental pollution, but also has difficult-to-bear transportation cost. Therefore, the development of renewable energy power generation systems at close distance is an effective way to solve the power supply problem in these remote areas. A wind-solar-diesel (storage) complementary power supply system formed by matching a diesel generating set with renewable energy sources for power generation is a mainstream application mode at present. Particularly, for an independent power supply network with a configured diesel power generation system, renewable energy sources are added on the basis of the independent power supply network to generate the independent micro-grid system, so that fuel oil can be effectively saved, emission is reduced, the operation cost is reduced, and great economic benefits are achieved.
However, due to the intermittency and fluctuation of the renewable energy power generation, the wind power and the photovoltaic power generation cannot continuously and stably participate in power supply, and the direct grid-connected operation with the diesel engine set influences the stability of the system. Therefore, the wind-solar-diesel (storage) hybrid power generation system must perform real-time power coordination control, and on the premise of ensuring stable and reliable operation of the system, the utilization rate of renewable energy sources is improved to the maximum extent, and the operation cost of the system is reduced.
Aiming at the problems of intermittency and volatility of power generation of renewable energy sources, the document with the application number of 201611071148.X provides a system and a method for controlling a main power source of a diesel engine in an independent microgrid with high permeability of renewable energy sources.
The document of application number 201710223636.6 provides a complementary power supply system of no energy storage scene firewood under island mode, solves the problem that energy storage and reserve power supply of current system are all the priority through the battery under the type of leaving the net, need rely on charging storage battery, and use wind optical power generation to practice thrift diesel oil as the purpose, can't carry out the maximize to new forms of energy electricity generation.
Specifically, the intermittent power generation by the renewable energy source means that the renewable energy source is supplied with power at some time and is switched between the presence and absence relatively quickly. When the renewable energy sources participate in power supply, the output power of a main power supply of the system is correspondingly reduced; when the renewable energy power generation is suddenly interrupted, the main power supply needs to increase the output power within a very short time to supplement the power gap output by the renewable energy power generation, which requires an independent microgrid system: firstly, the power configuration of a main power supply can continuously meet the requirement of the maximum power of a load; and secondly, under the condition that the renewable energy power generation participates in power supply, the power margin which is larger than or equal to the power output power of the renewable energy power generation is prepared at any time. However, the output power of the diesel generator set has definite restrictions: the long-term output power is maintained within the range of 30-70% of rated power, the phenomenon of carbon deposition can occur when the power is too low, and the unit generates heat when the power is too high. This means that when the load power is not high (e.g. 30%), the utilization rate of renewable energy is low, and the system operation is not economical.
The fluctuation of the renewable energy refers to that the output power is unstable under the influence of wind, light and other resources when the renewable energy participates in power supply. In an independent microgrid, a diesel generator set is used as a V/F source, the voltage and the frequency of system operation are provided and maintained, the voltage stabilization time is relatively slow, generally 0.5-3 seconds, and the steady-state voltage regulation rate is generally within +/-3% - +/-5%. That is to say, in the range that the power fluctuation of the renewable energy source does not exceed the regulation capacity of the diesel generating set, the main power supply can automatically stabilize the power fluctuation (the time is relatively long, 0.5-3 seconds), so that the power imbalance is avoided, and the voltage/frequency of the system is out of control (the voltage fluctuation is within +/-3% -5%).
The technical scheme provided by the document with the application number of 201611071148.X is to utilize the quick response capability of an energy storage battery to stabilize the fluctuation problem of the renewable energy power generation, the technical scheme is suitable for occasions with high requirements on the stability of the power supply voltage, the cost is relatively high (the cost of an energy storage system is high), the renewable energy permeability of the microgrid system can be improved by adding an energy storage part, but the problem of the intermittent nature of the renewable energy power generation cannot be solved. Even if the energy storage battery system is added, larger power can be instantly provided to supplement the shortage of the renewable energy source for power generation, but the continuous power supply capability of the energy storage system cannot be ensured. And the technical scheme does not provide any control scheduling method for improving the permeability of the renewable energy source on the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the system.
The document of application No. 201710223636.6 provides a wind, light and diesel hybrid power supply system without energy storage in an island mode, which aims to remove an energy storage part and reduce the system cost. According to the technical scheme, renewable energy power generation is directly merged into a diesel power generation network, and the output of the diesel generator set is adjusted according to the renewable energy output power. The system can operate stably, but does not provide any control scheduling method for improving the permeability of renewable energy sources.
The technical schemes of the two documents can be conventionally understood, and if the long-term output active power of the diesel generating set is ensured to be maintained within the range of 30% -70% of rated power, the utilization rate of renewable energy is low when the load power is small (for example, lower than 30%). When a general system is designed, the maximum power of a load is not the power required for a long time, that is, the power required for a long time by the load is lower than the maximum power, and assuming that the ratio is 70%, the permeability of the renewable energy source of the system is about 40% or even lower, so that the economic advantage of the renewable energy source cannot be fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a safe and reliable power supply system of an independent microgrid with high energy utilization rate and a control method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a power supply system of an independent micro-grid comprises a diesel generator set, a photovoltaic generator set, a wind generator set and an energy control unit, wherein the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set are all connected to an alternating current bus to supply power to a load; the energy control unit is connected with the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set and controls the start or the cut of the diesel generators in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the generating power of each generator set.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the diesel generators in the diesel generator set comprise a base load diesel generator and a standby diesel generator; the base load diesel generator is in a working state; the standby diesel generator is switched among three states of shutdown, off-grid state and grid-connected state according to the load power and the generated power of each generator set.
The storage battery pack is connected with the alternating current bus through the bidirectional converter and is used for balancing power fluctuation of the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set.
And the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set are connected with the alternating current bus through the grid-connected converter.
The invention also discloses a control method of the power supply system based on the independent micro-grid, which is used for controlling the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the diesel generator set under the condition that the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set normally operate so as to provide enough power allowance on the premise of meeting the load power.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the specific process of controlling the starting or the cutting of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the running diesel generator set comprises the following steps: the difference value between the total rated power of the currently running diesel generator set and the current load power is a current power reserved value delta P, and when the delta P is smaller than a preset reserved power absolute value P0, a diesel generator is started and connected; when a diesel generator is cut off, the residual power reserve value delta P1 is larger than the sum of P0 and the preset power range P1 after the diesel generator is cut off, and the diesel generator is cut off and stopped.
The specific process of controlling the starting or the cutting of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the running diesel generator set comprises the following steps: when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K0 of the total limit power of the current active diesel generator set, starting and accessing a diesel generator; when one diesel generator is cut off, when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K1 of the total limit power of the movable diesel generator after the diesel generator is cut off, the diesel generator is cut off and stopped; wherein K1< K0.
The specific process of controlling the starting or the cutting of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the running diesel generator set comprises the following steps: when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K0 of the total limit power of the current active diesel generator, starting and accessing one diesel generator; when the diesel generator is cut off, when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K2 of the total rated power of the diesel generator set, the diesel generator is cut off and stopped.
When the instantaneous fluctuation of the generated power of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic generating set exceeds a certain proportion, the storage battery pack connected with the alternating current bus actively absorbs or releases the same amount of balance power, and the balance power is slowly reduced to zero within a certain time later.
When starting the diesel generator, the diesel generator with short total operation time is taken as a priority starting target.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the power supply system of the independent micro-grid and the control method thereof adopt the diesel generator set as a main power supply, work in a V/F mode and provide and maintain the voltage and frequency of system operation; the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set adopt maximum power output, the load power is met by adjusting the number of the diesel generators, the effective utilization of renewable energy is realized, and meanwhile, enough power allowance is provided to a certain extent, so that the power fluctuation of the photovoltaic generator set or/and the wind generating set is ensured not to cause power unbalance, and the out-of-control system voltage/frequency is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a start-stop method of a diesel generating set.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the power supply system of the independent microgrid of the present embodiment includes a diesel generator set, a photovoltaic generator set, a wind turbine generator set and an energy control unit, wherein the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind turbine generator set are all connected to an ac bus to supply power to a load; the diesel generator set comprises a plurality of small-capacity diesel generators (the total capacity meets the maximum load power requirement of the system) which are connected in parallel, the energy control unit is connected with the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set, and the diesel generators in the diesel generator set are controlled to be started or cut off according to the load power and the generating power of each generator set. The power supply system of the independent micro-grid adopts the diesel generator set as a main power supply, works in a V/F mode, and provides and maintains the voltage and frequency of system operation; the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set adopt maximum power output, the load power is met by adjusting the number of the diesel generators, the effective utilization of energy is realized, and meanwhile, enough power allowance is provided to a certain extent, so that the power fluctuation of the photovoltaic generator set or/and the wind generating set is ensured not to cause power unbalance, and the out-of-control system voltage/frequency is avoided. Besides the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set, other types of renewable energy sources such as water energy, biomass energy and the like can be adopted.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, both the photovoltaic generator set and the wind turbine generator set are connected to an ac bus through a grid-connected converter; the diesel generators are connected in parallel and then are connected with the alternating current bus through the parallel cabinet; wherein each diesel generator and the parallel cabinet are connected to the diesel generating set controller; in addition, the alternating current bus is connected with an energy storage unit (a storage battery pack in fig. 1) through an energy storage bidirectional converter. In addition, the power supply system also comprises a data acquisition module which is used for acquiring the system alternating current bus voltage, the load current and the output current of the diesel generator set and inputting the acquired signals into the energy controller; the energy controller is connected with a grid-connected inverter (comprising a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and a fan grid-connected inverter), an energy storage bidirectional converter and a diesel generating set controller through a communication interface, and is used for communicating to obtain the state of each device and sending an instruction to the device; the diesel generating set controller controls the diesel generating set to stably run, provides the functions of starting and stopping the diesel engine, measuring data, protecting faults and the like, and also provides the functions of measuring output parameters of the generator, distributing parallel automatic power of a plurality of machines and the like; the diesel generator grid-connected device (the parallel cabinet in figure 1) is used for paralleling and separating a plurality of generators.
In this embodiment, the diesel generator set provides voltage frequency support for the system, and works in a V/F mode, and the photovoltaic generator set, the wind turbine generator set, and the energy storage unit track the voltage and the frequency of the ac bus and work in a P/Q mode. The diesel generator can be divided into a base load diesel generator and a standby diesel generator, wherein the base load diesel generator is firstly started, and the standby diesel generator is switched among three states of shutdown, off-grid state and grid-connected state according to the change of the system net load. The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the wind power grid-connected converter basically work in an MPPT state, but when the total power generation power of the renewable energy exceeds a preset proportional value (such as 60%) of the rated power of the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the wind power grid-connected converter work in a power limiting state, and the safety and the reliability of a power supply system are guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 2, all equipment and loads are disconnected from the ac bus prior to start-up. The method comprises the steps that a base load diesel generator is started firstly, a circuit breaker is manually switched on after voltage frequency is stable, all other diesel generators are started and run in parallel through a parallel cabinet, then all loads are switched in, a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and a wind power grid-connected converter are started to be merged into an alternating current bus after power is balanced, and then an energy source controller manages all devices according to a scheduling strategy. The system stopping sequence is opposite to the starting sequence, and after the control system receives a stopping instruction, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and the wind power grid-connected converter are automatically stopped and disconnected from the alternating current bus; then cutting off all loads, and removing all other diesel generators except the base load diesel generator and shutting down; then the circuit breaker of the base-load diesel generator is manually disconnected, the control system is powered off, and finally the base-load diesel generator is manually stopped.
In this embodiment, the energy storage unit (the battery pack in fig. 1) is optional, and is mainly used for balancing power fluctuation and working with the renewable energy power generation system. In the starting process, the renewable energy power generation system is connected, and then the energy storage part is connected; in the shutdown process, the renewable energy power generation system is cut off first, and then the energy storage part is disconnected.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention also discloses a control method of the power supply system based on the independent micro-grid, which is used for controlling the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the diesel generator set under the condition that the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set normally operate so as to provide enough power allowance on the premise of meeting the load power.
In this embodiment, the specific process of controlling the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the operating diesel generator set is as follows: the difference value between the total rated power of the currently running diesel generator set and the current load power is a current power reserved value delta P, and when the delta P is smaller than a preset reserved power absolute value P0, a diesel generator is started and connected; when a diesel generator is cut off, the residual power reserve value delta P1 is larger than the sum of P0 and the preset power range P1 after the diesel generator is cut off, and the diesel generator is cut off and stopped.
In this embodiment, when the instantaneous fluctuation of the generated power of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic generating set exceeds a certain proportion, the storage battery pack connected with the ac bus actively absorbs or releases the same amount of balance power, and slowly reduces the balance power to zero in a certain period of time. Specifically, the storage battery pack adopts a lithium battery, works in a P/Q mode, is mainly used for stabilizing the power fluctuation of a system, can meet the application requirement of charging and discharging at any time, and has little influence on the service life of the battery. The scheduling strategy for the energy storage unit is as follows: when the instantaneous fluctuation of the generated power of the renewable energy exceeds a certain ratio Kt (Typical 5%), the energy storage unit actively absorbs or releases the equivalent balance power, and the balance power is slowly reduced to zero within a certain time T (such as 3-5 seconds). The length of the time T is determined by the current SOC state of the energy storage unit so as to keep the energy storage unit in a certain state of charge (Typical 70%) as much as possible. When the energy storage unit exists, the power proportion of starting and stopping the diesel generating set can be correspondingly adjusted according to the capacity of the energy storage unit: when the energy storage unit exists, P0 and K0 can be properly adjusted to be high, and P1, K1 and K2 can be properly adjusted to be low; the larger the capacity of the energy storage part is, the larger the amplitude of the increase or decrease can be, and the specific relation is obtained through optimization calculation. Therefore, the power generation utilization rate of the renewable energy can be improved as much as possible, and the operation cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, when starting the diesel generator, the diesel generator having a short total operation time is set as the priority starting target.
Example two:
the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the specific process of controlling the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power for operating the diesel generator set is as follows: when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K0 (such as 90%) of the total power of the current active diesel generator set, starting and accessing a diesel generator; when a diesel generator is cut off, when the current load power is larger than a set proportion K1 (such as 70%) of the total power of the movable diesel generator after the diesel generator is cut off, the diesel generator is cut off and stopped; wherein K1< K0. Other details are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described herein again.
Example three:
the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the specific process of controlling the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power for operating the diesel generator set is as follows: when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K0 (such as 90%) of the total power of the current active diesel generator, starting and accessing one diesel generator; when the diesel generator is cut off, when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K2 (such as 40%) of the total rated power of the diesel generator set, the diesel generator is cut off and stopped. Other details are the same as those in the first embodiment and are not described herein again.
The control method of the invention monitors the diesel generator set, the load and the power generation power of the renewable energy source in real time during the operation, determines the diesel generator which is started and switched in or switched off according to the difference value or the proportional relation between the load power and the total rated power of the movable diesel generator set, and can properly adjust the set threshold value up and down when the energy storage unit exists so as to maximize the permeability of the renewable energy source.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A control method of a power supply system based on an independent microgrid is characterized in that the power supply system of the independent microgrid comprises a diesel generator set, a photovoltaic generator set, a wind generator set and an energy control unit, wherein the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set are all connected to an alternating current bus to supply power to a load; the energy control unit is connected with the diesel generator set, the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set and controls the start or the cut of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the generating power of each generator set;
the diesel generators in the diesel generator set comprise a base load diesel generator and a standby diesel generator; the base load diesel generator is in a working state; the standby diesel generator is switched among three states of shutdown, off-grid state and grid-connected state according to the load power and the generating power of each generator set; the method is characterized in that under the condition that a photovoltaic generator set and a wind generating set normally operate, starting or cutting of a diesel generator in the diesel generator set is controlled according to load power and rated power of the diesel generator set to operate, so that sufficient power allowance is provided on the premise of meeting the load power; when starting the diesel generator, taking the diesel generator with short total operation time as a priority starting target;
the specific process of controlling the starting or the cutting of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the running diesel generator set comprises the following steps: the difference value between the total rated power of the currently running diesel generator set and the current load power is a current power reserved value delta P, and when the delta P is smaller than a preset reserved power absolute value P0, a diesel generator is started and connected; when a diesel generator is cut off, when the diesel generator is cut off, the remaining power reserve value delta P1 is larger than the sum of P0 and a preset power range P1, and the diesel generator is cut off and stopped;
or the specific process of controlling the starting or the cutting of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the running diesel generator set comprises the following steps: when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K0 of the total limit power of the current active diesel generator set, starting and accessing a diesel generator; when one diesel generator is cut off, when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K1 of the total limit power of the movable diesel generator after the diesel generator is cut off, the diesel generator is cut off and stopped; wherein K1< K0;
or the specific process of controlling the starting or the cutting of the diesel generator in the diesel generator set according to the load power and the rated power of the running diesel generator set comprises the following steps: when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K0 of the total limit power of the current active diesel generator, starting and accessing one diesel generator; when the diesel generator is cut off, when the current load power is larger than the set proportion K2 of the total rated power of the diesel generator set, the diesel generator is cut off and stopped.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein when the generated power of the wind generating set and the photovoltaic generating set fluctuates instantaneously by more than a certain ratio, the same amount of balance power is actively absorbed or released by the storage battery pack connected to the alternating current bus, and the balance power is slowly reduced to zero in a certain time later.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the power supply system of the independent microgrid further comprises a storage battery pack, and the storage battery pack is connected with the alternating current bus through a bidirectional converter and is used for balancing power fluctuation of the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generating set.
4. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic generator set and the wind generator set are both connected to an alternating current bus through a grid-connected converter.
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| CN109067308A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-21 | 广州供电局有限公司 | Micro-capacitance sensor controller, light bavin storage system and its control method |
| CN109638864B (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2020-08-11 | 北京泛安信息技术有限公司 | Control system of smart power grid |
| CN109873452B (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2022-05-03 | 中国电建集团江西省电力建设有限公司 | Off-network state electric quantity control system of energy Internet |
| CN109936165A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-25 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Diesel generator system |
| FR3100397B1 (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2022-02-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Method for managing a hybrid renewable/generator system and associated device |
| CN111463827A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-28 | 江苏镇安电力设备有限公司 | Multi-machine parallel small-sized micro-grid system |
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