CN107767331A - A kind of laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method and topographic map drawing methods - Google Patents
A kind of laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method and topographic map drawing methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN107767331A CN107767331A CN201710970096.8A CN201710970096A CN107767331A CN 107767331 A CN107767331 A CN 107767331A CN 201710970096 A CN201710970096 A CN 201710970096A CN 107767331 A CN107767331 A CN 107767331A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000013144 data compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/08—Projecting images onto non-planar surfaces, e.g. geodetic screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/70—Denoising; Smoothing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30181—Earth observation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method and topographic map drawing methods, wherein laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method comprises the following steps：A) sets the length value and width value of the single grid of plane grid；B) carries out mesh generation using plane grid to laser scanning terrain data；C) finds out the data point in each grid for falling into plane grid, retains a minimum data point of height value.D) sets length value, width value and the height value of the single grid of three-dimensional grid；E) carries out mesh generation using three-dimensional grid to laser scanning terrain data；F) finds out the data point in each grid for falling into three-dimensional grid, retains a nearest data point of the corresponding grid element center of distance, rejects remainder data point.The present invention can effectively reject noise in cloud data, and high density cloud data is effectively compressed, and suitable for complicated landform landforms into figure, into figure efficiency high, imaging quality is good, and topographic map precision is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser scanning data compression field, more particularly to a kind of laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method and
Topographic map drawing methods.
Background technology
Laser scanning terrain data have noisy (predominantly aerial floating dust and vegetation), density it is big (point spacing centimetre~meter
Level), magnanimity the characteristics of, if without denoising and compression, can not only influence topographic map mapping precision or even the ground of mistake can be formed
Shape figure.Laser scanning terrain data is low into figure efficiency because of the characteristics of its density is big, magnanimity, constrains laser scanner technique on ground
Application development in shape measurement.
At present, when carrying out topographic map into figure using laser scanning terrain data, first, as divided by the way of artificial treatment
Layer, piecemeal remove the noise of laser scanning terrain data, carry out primary compression to laser scanning terrain data, its workload is big,
Efficiency is low.Then topographic map is carried out into figure using one of following two methods：
(1) it is blocked into figure.The method breaks the whole up into parts, and each region individually into figure, then carries out graphic joining again, and mapping process is multiple
It is miscellaneous, efficiency is low, join of drawing workload is big.
(2) uniform sampling is carried out, topographic map is carried out again into figure, data compression great efforts, Cheng Tuxiao after reducing data capacity
Rate is high, but changes the landform such as fast, breaking topography, bank precipice be more to complex landform such as hypsography, and loss of significance is big, easily produces
Mistake.
The content of the invention
Existing laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method denoising workload is big, efficiency is low, and complex landform is imitated into figure
Rate is low, imaging quality is low.It is an object of the present invention to it is directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of laser improved
Terrain Data Compression method and topographic map drawing methods are scanned, noise in cloud data can be effectively rejected, to high density point cloud number
According to being effectively compressed, suitable for complicated landform landforms into figure, into figure efficiency high, imaging quality is good, and topographic map precision is high.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method, is characterized in comprising the following steps：
A) sets the length value and width value of the single grid of plane grid；
B) carries out mesh generation using the plane grid to laser scanning terrain data；
C) finds out the data point fallen into laser scanning terrain data in each grid of plane grid, flat for falling into
N in any one grid of surface grids1Individual data point, compare the n1The height value size of individual data point, retains the n1Individual data
A minimum data point of height value, rejects remaining n in point1- 1 data point.
For noise, the invention provides a kind of minimum point filter method, can tentatively be pressed with denoising and to terrain data
Contracting, its general principle are：The noises such as the relatively aerial floating dust of earth's surface, vegetation have a more preferable reflectivity, and laser scanning ground figurate number
According to high density attribute, thus having in a regional extent, it is Ground Point always to have laser scanning data point.Utilize plane
Grid (three-dimensional grid that can be considered vertical direction infinity) is split to laser scanning terrain data, retains high in each grid
The minimum point of journey value, you can remove noise, retain Ground Point.Plane grid size can be (main according to lineament and noise content
Want vegetation) it is configured, lineament is more complicated, noise content is bigger, and the size of single grid need to be smaller.
Further, in addition to step：
D) sets length value, width value and the height value of the single grid of three-dimensional grid；
E) carries out mesh generation using the three-dimensional grid to laser scanning terrain data；
F) finds out the data point fallen into laser scanning terrain data in each grid of three-dimensional grid, for falling into three
Tie up the n in any one grid of grid2Individual data point, compare the n2The distance between individual data point and corresponding grid center of gravity,
Retain the n2An individual data point middle-range data point nearest from corresponding grid element center, rejects remaining n2- 1 data point.
For correct reflection landform, the invention provides a kind of like Octree filter method, using three-dimensional grid to denoising after
Laser scanning data is filtered, and the point nearest away from square grid center of gravity is only retained in each side's grid, for the less landform of the gradient,
The method is similar with above-mentioned denoising method, for landform precipitous, complicated and changeable, the scan data depth displacement in same plane grid
Not larger, the present invention can effectively control the packing density of vertical direction by grid vertical direction size, be reflected again with correct
Miscellaneous landform.
Based on same inventive concept, present invention also offers a kind of laser scanning topographic map drawing methods, process is utilized
Laser scanning terrain data after described laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method processing carries out topographic map into figure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can effectively reject noise in cloud data, have to high density cloud data
Effect compression, suitable for complicated landform landforms into figure, into figure efficiency high, imaging quality is good, and topographic map precision is high.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the terrain data of denoising compression algorithm before processing.
Fig. 2 is the terrain data after the processing of denoising compression algorithm.
Fig. 3 is the terrain data that complicated landform form retains compression algorithm before processing.
Fig. 4 is that complicated landform form retains the terrain data after compression algorithm processing.
Embodiment
In the present embodiment, laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method comprises the following steps：
A) sets the length value and width value of the single grid of plane grid；
B) carries out mesh generation using the plane grid to laser scanning terrain data；
C) finds out the data point fallen into laser scanning terrain data in each grid of plane grid, flat for falling into
N in any one grid of surface grids1Individual data point, compare the n1The height value size of individual data point, retains the n1Individual data
A minimum data point of height value, rejects remaining n in point1- 1 data point.
D) sets length value, width value and the height value of the single grid of three-dimensional grid；
E) carries out mesh generation using the three-dimensional grid to laser scanning terrain data；
F) finds out the data point fallen into laser scanning terrain data in each grid of three-dimensional grid, for falling into three
Tie up the n in any one grid of grid2Individual data point, compare the n2The distance between individual data point and corresponding grid center of gravity,
Retain the n2An individual data point middle-range data point nearest from corresponding grid element center, rejects remaining n2- 1 data point.
Laser scanning topographic map drawing methods of the present invention, utilize the described laser scanning Terrain Data Compression side of process
Laser scanning terrain data after method processing carries out topographic map into figure.
Specifically, the present invention is divided into two processes, and denoising compression and complicated landform form retain compression.
Denoising compression process is as follows：
(1) length value dx, the width value dy of the single grid of plane grid are set.
(2) data object planar range i.e. southwest corner (i.e. minimum value minx, miny of plane coordinates) and northeast corner are found out
(i.e. maximum maxx, maxy of plane coordinates), grid then is carried out to laser scanning terrain data using the plane grid
Division.
(3) scanning terrain data is scanned for, finds out each net that plane grid is fallen into laser scanning terrain data
Data point in lattice, for falling into the n in any one grid of plane grid1Individual data point, compare the n1The height of individual data point
Journey value size, retains the n1A minimum data point of height value, rejects remaining n in individual data point1- 1 data point.
To (i, j) individual grid, the data point p fallen into (coordinate xp, yp, hp, p=1 ..., n1) plane coordinates
Xp, yp should meet：Minx+ (i-1) * dx≤xp≤minx+i*dx, and miny+ (j-1) * dy≤yp≤miny+j*dy.Search again
Seek the minimum point of height value and reservation, i.e. retention point (xm, ym, hm) (1≤m≤n1), hm=min (hp) (p=1 ..., n1)。
Denoising Algorithm has carried out primary compression while effective cancelling noise, to laser scanning terrain data.
It is as follows that complicated landform form retains compression：
(1) length value dx, width value dy and the height value dh of the single grid of three-dimensional grid are set.
(2) plane grid is established according to Denoising Algorithm according to planar dimension dx, dy of grid, and search find out fall into it is each
The data point of grid, and find out the elevation maximum and minimum value of data point in each grid.
(3) each grid is finely divided according to the height dimension dh of grid, retains the point nearest away from each subdivided meshes center of gravity.
Compared with Denoising Algorithm, complicated landform form retain compression main difference is that：In same plane grid, more numbers can be retained
Strong point, and the height value of each data point is different.
Data compression method effectively laser scanning terrain data can not only be compressed, and can retain complicated landform form.
Fig. 1 is the terrain data before denoising compression, and Fig. 2 is the terrain data after denoising compression.Fig. 3 is complicated landform form
Retain the terrain data before compression, Fig. 4 is that complicated landform form retains the terrain data after compression.Comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 2 understand,
Noise in laser scanning data is efficiently removed.Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4 are understood, after compression, can be effectively retained complicated landform shape
State.After the method for the invention, topographic map imaging quality can be ensured, 10~20 times can be improved into figure efficiency.
Embodiments of the invention are described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific
Embodiment, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than limitation, one of ordinary skill in the art
Under the enlightenment of the present invention, in the case of present inventive concept and scope of the claimed protection is not departed from, it can also make a lot
Form, these are belonged within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：A) sets the length value and width value of the single grid of plane grid；B) carries out mesh generation using the plane grid to laser scanning terrain data；C) finds out the data point fallen into laser scanning terrain data in each grid of plane grid, for falling into plane net N in any one grid of lattice1Individual data point, compare the n1The height value size of individual data point, retains the n1In individual data point A minimum data point of height value, rejects remaining n1- 1 data point.
- 2. laser scanning Terrain Data Compression method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also including step：D) sets length value, width value and the height value of the single grid of three-dimensional grid；E) carries out mesh generation using the three-dimensional grid to laser scanning terrain data；F) finds out the data point fallen into laser scanning terrain data in each grid of three-dimensional grid, for falling into three dimensional network N in any one grid of lattice2Individual data point, compare the n2The distance between individual data point and corresponding grid center of gravity, retain The n2An individual data point middle-range data point nearest from corresponding grid element center, rejects remaining n2- 1 data point.
- 3. a kind of laser scanning topographic map drawing methods, it is characterised in that using by the laser described in claim 1 or 2 Scan the laser scanning terrain data after the processing of Terrain Data Compression method and carry out topographic map into figure.
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Citations (3)
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| US20160061940A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Range data compression |
| CN105630905A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-06-01 | 西安科技大学 | Scattered-point cloud data based hierarchical compression method and apparatus |
| CN106063133A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-10-26 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Data compression apparatus and data compression method |
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2017
- 2017-10-18 CN CN201710970096.8A patent/CN107767331A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106063133A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-10-26 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Data compression apparatus and data compression method |
| US20160061940A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Range data compression |
| CN105630905A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-06-01 | 西安科技大学 | Scattered-point cloud data based hierarchical compression method and apparatus |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| HONGJUN LI 等: "Segmentation of forest terrain laser scan data", 《VRCAI "10: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH ACM SIGGRAPH CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL-REALITY CONTINUUM AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY》 * |
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| 邓勇 等: "三维激光扫描测绘成图软件研发与应用", 《全国测绘科技信息网中南分网第三十次学术信息交流会论文集》 * |
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Application publication date: 20180306 |