CN107765300A - Method for extracting reflected transverse wave from dipole transverse wave data - Google Patents
Method for extracting reflected transverse wave from dipole transverse wave data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting reflected transverse waves from dipole transverse wave data, which relates to the technical field of array acoustic logging data processing and application, and comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: carrying out waveform recovery on the dipole transverse wave; the second step is that: performing band-pass filtering on the transverse wave data; the third step: carrying out time slowness analysis on the transverse wave data to obtain the change range of the transverse wave speed at different depths; the fourth step: establishing a transverse wave data propagation matrix; the fifth step: and obtaining reflected transverse wave data. The invention combines dipole transverse wave information and instrument structure information to carry out comprehensive analysis, and adopts a plurality of direct wave speeds to carry out filtering processing aiming at the stratum with serious frequency dispersion generated by transverse waves, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of incomplete direct wave removal caused by single speed filtering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Array Sonic Logging Waveformss processing and applied technical field, and in particular to a kind of to be surveyed from array acoustic
The method that reflection wave is extracted in the dipole shear wave data of well collection.
Background technology
It is in array acoustic data processing that reflection wave with azimuth information is extracted from dipole shear wave data
A key technology, for migration imaging processing lay the first stone, the reflection wave signal intensity of extraction directly influences to be split by well
The accuracy of identification of the reflectors such as seam, tomography.
At present, the method for extracting back wave from array acoustic data mainly has median filtering method, F-K filter methods, high score
Resolution Radon transform method etc..
Prior art shortcoming：1. medium filtering carries out the choosing of window length to the stratum of different mode waves, different SVELs
Take it is very difficult, window length choose it is too small can remain a large amount of direct waves, window length, which is chosen, long can filter part back wave and processing effect
Rate is low；2. F-K filtering easily causes Gibbs phenomenon mainly due to the influence of Sampling Theorem, so as to cause to occur spectral leakage simultaneously
Produce false wave；3. the subject matter of high-resolution radon transform method be due to acoustic wave apparatus source away from shorter and receiver number compared with
It is few, so as to alias effect and end effect often occur.
And publication number CN105298482A, publication date are that the Chinese patent literature of on 2 3rd, 2016 is disclosed by a kind of well
Construct the separation method of back wave and borehole wall direct wave.Method is as follows：Array sonic log data in depth intervals are carried out
Waveform delay, gain compensation calculate, frequency domain bandpass filtering obtains mode wave to be separated；It is calculated in depth-logger section
Pattern wave slowness and correct when proceeding to the array acoustic Wave data under each fathom, make through under each depth
Ripple have identical go out to consistent lineups；It is each in section to reduce by choosing demarcation section and design system function
The energy of direct wave and Bo Bao cycles under depth；Direct wave with consistent lineups is weighted in depth intervals by sliding
Average and energy subtraction mode filters out；Reflected energy is strengthened by inverse attenuation compensation.
The problem of prior art using above-mentioned patent as representative does not account for direct wave frequency dispersion, single mould used by it
The method that the speed of formula ripple is filtered, direct wave can not be filtered out completely on the more serious stratum of some direct wave frequency dispersions, from
And influence the accuracy of reflection wave signal.The method of extraction back wave is not handled specifically for reflection wave at present, because
And special technical method is needed to solve.
The content of the invention
It is difficult in order to solve technological deficiency existing for extraction back wave, the extraction for solving reflection wave from array acoustic data
Topic, realizes and extracts reflection wave from dipole shear wave data.The present invention according to the direct wave that array sonic log gathers with it is anti-
The propagation law of ejected wave, with reference to logger structural parameters, application time slowness correlation method, considering direct wave frequency dispersion effect
In the case of, it is proposed that a kind of method that reflection wave is extracted in data from dipole shear wave, reach extraction back wave shear wave letter
Number purpose.
The present invention is realized by using following technical proposals：
A kind of method that reflection wave is extracted in data from dipole shear wave, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
The first step：The original dipole shear wave data collected to array sonic log carry out gain compensation and waveform delay meter
Calculate, the original shear wave data Wave_dep collected；Circular is as follows：
Ori_dep=Signal_dep/Gn_dep
Wave_dep=Ori_dep-Tfst_dep
In above formula, Gn_dep represents the wave shape gain data that instrument record arrives；It is automatic that Signal_dep represents that instrument passes through
Wave data after gain process, Ori_dep represent to pass through the shear wave data after gain recovery；Tfst_dep gathers for instrument
Waveform delay data, Wave_dep represents to pass through obtained original shear wave data after waveform delay process.
Second step：Bandpass filtering is carried out to shear wave data Wave_dep according to the tranmitting frequency of instrument, by low frequency noise and
High-frequency Interference filters out, and obtains filtering out the shear wave data W after noiseNdep；
3rd step：To shear wave data WNdepHandled using time slowness coherent method, obtain under different depth slowness with
The relevant information of time；Slowness is converted into speed, so as to obtain excursion SV1~SV2 of shear wave velocity, wherein：SV1 is
Shear wave minimum speed, SV2 are shear wave maximal rate, unit m/s；
4th step：According to speed variation SV1~SV2 of shear wave data, propogator matrix corresponding to shear wave data is established,
And through shear wave data A accordingly is calculated by propogator matrixl(ω)exp(-iωz/vl)；Circular is as follows：
In shear wave velocity excursion (SV1~SV2) interior value, L shear wave velocity value v is obtained1,v2,...vL, so as to build
The communication mode A of vertical through shear wave datal(ω)exp(-iωz/vl), (l=1 ..., L), wherein AlL kinds are represented to go directly
The time-domain signal of shear wave, ω are angular frequency, Al(ω) represents the frequency domain signal of the through shear wave of l kinds, vlRepresent that l kinds are straight
Up to the spread speed of shear wave, z represents depth p position；
When through shear wave reaches q-th of depth location from p-th of depth location, its communication mode can be expressed as Al
(ω)exp(-iω(q-p)/vl)；Then following formula is represented by p-th of depth location：
In above formula,ω represents angular frequency, and Ndep represents this
The recorded depth-sampling points of secondary well logging,The conversion for representing for waveform to be transformed into frequency domain from time-domain accords with, WNdep
(ω) is the frequency domain form of the shear wave data obtained after second step is handled；Above formula is reduced into matrix form to obtain：
EgA=W
For above-mentioned matrix, A can be tried to achieve using least square method：
Wherein,:Complex conjugate is represented, T represents transposition, all through shear waves of p-th of depth location can be obtained by above formula
Corresponding frequency domain data Al(ω)。
5th step：The shear wave data W for handling to obtain from second stepNdepIn subtract the through horizontal stroke that calculates in the processing of the 4th step
Wave number is according to Al(ω)exp(-iωz/vl), obtain reflection wave data.Circular is as follows：
Handled to have obtained the frequency spectrum in all through shear waves in depth Ndep positions by the 4th step, by it from depth Ndep positions
Shear wave data frequency spectrum in subtract, the spectrum signal of depth Ndep positions reflection wave can be obtained：
In above formula,Represent to sum to each speed direct wave under depth Ndep, RNdep(ω) is represented in depth
The reflection wave signal of the frequency domain after through shear wave is removed under Ndep, obtained frequency domain reflection wave signal is transformed into time-domain
The reflection wave wave number under depth Ndep is obtained according to RNdep。
6th step：To obtained reflection wave data RNdep, carry out signal with the method for estimating reflector angle of inclination and fold
Add, further enhance back wave shear wave signal intensity.Specific algorithm is as follows：
(1) T under depth Ndep is calculated firstNdepThe inclination angle superposition parameter at moment：
Z (Ndep)=(z (Ndep)+sqrt ((TNdep·v_sel)2-(z(Ndep)·cos(α))2/sin(α))/2
Z (Ndep) represents T under depth NdepNdepThe inclination angle superposition parameter at moment, z (Ndep) are represented corresponding to depth Ndep
Source is away from v_sel represents the shear wave propagation speed under the depth, and α represents to estimate the inclination angle of reflector.
(2) propagation time of the back wave under arbitrarily association depth m can be calculated with Z (Ndep)：
T (m)=sqrt (z (m)2+4·Z(Ndep)·(Z(Ndep)-z(m))·sin2(α))/(V_sel)
T (m) represents back wave arrival time under depth m, z (m) represent the source of receiver under depth m away from.
(3) by determining arrival time of the reflection wave in each depth, it is possible to reflection wave signal in depth
It is overlapped under Ndep：
Wherein, WNdep(TNdep) represent the reflection wave signal under depth Ndep after superposition, Wm(Tm) represent and depth
Reflection wave signal under the related depth m of Ndep.Num typically takes the number of instrument receiver.
Compared with prior art, what the present invention was reached has the beneficial effect that：
First, present invention incorporates dipole shear wave information and apparatus structure information to carry out comprehensive analysis, for being produced in shear wave
The serious stratum of frequency dispersion is filtered processing using a variety of through wave velocities, and direct wave caused by avoiding single pie slice is gone
Except incomplete phenomenon.
2nd, present invention incorporates inclination angle superimposing technique, there is highly important effect to further enhancing reflected signal.
3rd, the scope of application of the present invention：Carbonate formation, sand-mudstone formation, shale formation；By the method to COMPONENT IN SOUTH SICHUAN BASIN
The array sonic log data of 8 mouthfuls of ground well carry out back wave extraction, have successfully extracted complete reflection wave.
4th, application prospect：1st, the extraction applied to reflection wave, reflection wave signal intensity is enhanced, by well
The identification of the reflector such as crack and tomography；2nd, after extracting reflection wave, the energy of reflection wave can be calculated, is produced available for reservoir
Can evaluation；3rd, the identification of well side crack and tomography etc. reflector, has not only widened the investigative range of logging technique, and can be in time
It was found that oil-gas Layer by well, significant to being produced in the increasing the storage of oil gas.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein：
Fig. 1 is that reflection wave extracts flow chart；
Fig. 2 is the related figure of certain depth dipole shear wave data time slowness；
Fig. 3 is the related figure of waveform time slowness after being filtered using v=3000m/s speed；
Fig. 4 is the related figure of time slowness after compacting direct wave；
Fig. 5 is certain well section real data processing figure.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As the preferred forms of the present invention, it discloses the side that reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave
Method, its step are as follows：
The first step：The original dipole shear wave data collected to array sonic log carry out gain compensation and waveform delay meter
Calculate, the original shear wave data Wave_dep collected；Circular is as follows：
Ori_dep=Signal_dep/Gn_dep
Wave_dep=Ori_dep-Tfst_dep
In above formula, Gn_dep represents the wave shape gain data that instrument record arrives；It is automatic that Signal_dep represents that instrument passes through
Wave data after gain process, Ori_dep represent to pass through the shear wave data after gain recovery；Tfst_dep gathers for instrument
Waveform delay data, Wave_dep represents to pass through obtained original shear wave data after waveform delay process.
Second step：Bandpass filtering is carried out to shear wave data Wave_dep according to the tranmitting frequency of instrument, by low frequency noise and
High-frequency Interference filters out, and obtains filtering out the shear wave data W after noiseNdep；
3rd step：To shear wave data WNdepHandled using time slowness coherent method, obtain under different depth slowness with
The relevant information of time；Slowness is converted into speed, so as to obtain excursion SV1~SV2 of shear wave velocity, wherein：SV1 is
Shear wave minimum speed, SV2 are shear wave maximal rate, unit m/s；
4th step：According to speed variation SV1~SV2 of shear wave data, propogator matrix corresponding to shear wave data is established,
And through shear wave data A accordingly is calculated by propogator matrixl(ω)exp(-iωz/vl)；Circular is as follows：
In shear wave velocity excursion (SV1~SV2) interior value, L shear wave velocity value v is obtained1,v2,...vL, so as to build
The communication mode A of vertical through shear wave datal(ω)exp(-iωz/vl), (l=1 ..., L), wherein AlL kinds are represented to go directly
The time-domain signal of shear wave, ω are angular frequency, Al(ω) represents the frequency domain signal of the through shear wave of l kinds, vlRepresent that l kinds are straight
Up to the spread speed of shear wave, z represents depth p position；
When through shear wave reaches q-th of depth location from p-th of depth location, its communication mode can be expressed as Al
(ω)exp(-iω(q-p)/vl)；Then following formula is represented by p-th of depth location：
In above formula,ω represents angular frequency, and Ndep represents this
The recorded depth-sampling points of secondary well logging,The conversion for representing for waveform to be transformed into frequency domain from time-domain accords with, WNdep
(ω) is the frequency domain form of the shear wave data obtained after second step is handled；Above formula is reduced into matrix form to obtain：
EgA=W
For above-mentioned matrix, A can be tried to achieve using least square method：
Wherein,:Complex conjugate is represented, T represents transposition, all through shear waves of p-th of depth location can be obtained by above formula
Corresponding frequency domain data Al(ω)。
5th step：The shear wave data W for handling to obtain from second stepNdepIn subtract the through horizontal stroke that calculates in the processing of the 4th step
Wave number is according to Al(ω)exp(-iωz/vl), obtain reflection wave data.Circular is as follows：
Handled to have obtained the frequency spectrum in all through shear waves in depth Ndep positions by the 4th step, by it from depth Ndep positions
Shear wave data frequency spectrum in subtract, the spectrum signal of depth Ndep positions reflection wave can be obtained：
In above formula,Represent to sum to each speed direct wave under depth Ndep, RNdep(ω) is represented in depth
The reflection wave signal of the frequency domain after through shear wave is removed under Ndep, obtained frequency domain reflection wave signal is transformed into time-domain
The reflection wave wave number under depth Ndep is obtained according to RNdep。
6th step：To obtained reflection wave data RNdep, carry out signal with the method for estimating reflector angle of inclination and fold
Add, further enhance back wave shear wave signal intensity.Specific algorithm is as follows：
(1) T under depth Ndep is calculated firstNdepThe inclination angle superposition parameter at moment：
Z (Ndep)=(z (Ndep)+sqrt ((TNdep·v_sel)2-(z(Ndep)·cos(α))2/sin(α))/2
Z (Ndep) represents T under depth NdepNdepThe inclination angle superposition parameter at moment, z (Ndep) are represented corresponding to depth Ndep
Source is away from v_sel represents the shear wave propagation speed under the depth, and α represents to estimate the inclination angle of reflector.
(2) propagation time of the back wave under arbitrarily association depth m can be calculated with Z (Ndep)：
T (m)=sqrt (z (m)2+4·Z(Ndep)·(Z(Ndep)-z(m))·sin2(α))/(V_sel)
T (m) represents back wave arrival time under depth m, z (m) represent the source of receiver under depth m away from.
(3) by determining arrival time of the reflection wave in each depth, it is possible to reflection wave signal in depth
It is overlapped under Ndep：
Wherein, WNdep(TNdep) represent the reflection wave signal under depth Ndep after superposition, Wm(Tm) represent and depth
Reflection wave signal under the related depth m of Ndep.Num typically takes the number of instrument receiver.
Embodiment 2
The checking embodiment of the present invention is as follows：
Explanation is used as using the example of practical logging data processing：Fig. 2 is represented after the processing of first, second, third step
Certain depth under dipole shear wave data slowness and time correlation figure, abscissa, which represents, propagates step-length (propagation time), ordinate
Represent shear-wave slowness (speed).The deeper through wave energy of this kind of region representation of color is stronger.Through wave energy as can be seen from Figure 2
Amount is concentrated mainly on the region between s1 (slowness 330us/m) and s2 (slowness 420us/m) two lines.Routinely data processing side
Method, i.e. some depth only take a speed to be filtered processing, it is assumed that slowness is taken as 330us/m (corresponding speed 3000m/s), place
It is as shown in Figure 3 to manage result.
As seen from Figure 3, although necessarily being suppressed compared to Fig. 2 direct waves, still have suitable one in the depth location
Part direct wave is not suppressed, and filter effect does not reach application request.
Using method proposed by the invention, speed value is carried out to the shear wave signal in Fig. 2, obtains 5 speed (V1=
2000m/s, V2=2500m/s, V3=3000m/s, V4=3500m/s, V5=4000m/s), calculate all through shear wave institutes
Corresponding frequency domain data Al(ω), with shear wave data WNdepSubtract AlAfter (ω), when obtained reflection wave result is transformed into
Between domain obtain reflection wave wave number under depth Ndep according to RNdep。
Fig. 4 is represented using the reflection wave data R after the processing of this patent sideNdepThe related figure of time slowness, can from the figure
To see, direct wave is substantially suppressed.
Fig. 5 represents certain well section real data processing figure, and figure a represents original waveform variable density figure, and figure b is only with single horizontal stroke
Wave velocity be filtered after reflection wave waveform variable density figure, figure c be using this patent method carry out reflection wave extraction and
Estimate reflector angle of inclination and realize the reflection wave waveform variable density figure after Signal averaging.Pass through comparison diagram b and figure c, hence it is evident that
It can be seen that figure c processing has gone out more reflection wave signals, the validity of this method is indicated.
Claims (6)
1. the method for reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
The first step：The original dipole shear wave data collected to array sonic log carry out gain compensation and waveform delay calculates,
The original shear wave data Wave_dep collected；
Second step：Bandpass filtering is carried out to shear wave data Wave_dep according to the tranmitting frequency of instrument, by low frequency noise and high frequency
Interference filtering, obtain filtering out the shear wave data W after noiseNdep；
3rd step：To shear wave data WNdepHandled using time slowness coherent method, obtain slowness and time under different depth
Relevant information；Slowness is converted into speed, so as to obtain excursion SV1~SV2 of shear wave velocity, wherein：SV1 be shear wave most
Small speed, SV2 are shear wave maximal rate, unit m/s；
4th step：According to speed variation SV1~SV2 of shear wave data, propogator matrix corresponding to shear wave data is established, and lead to
Cross propogator matrix and calculate through shear wave data A accordinglyl(ω)exp(-iωz/vl)；
5th step：The shear wave data W for handling to obtain from second stepNdepIn subtract the through shear wave number that calculates in the processing of the 4th step
According to Al(ω)exp(-iωz/vl), obtain reflection wave data.
2. the method for reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the first step, circular is as follows：
Ori_dep=Signal_dep/Gn_dep
Wave_dep=Ori_dep-Tfst_dep
In above formula, Gn_dep represents the wave shape gain data that instrument record arrives；Signal_dep represents that instrument passes through automatic gain
Wave data after treated, Ori_dep represent to pass through the shear wave data after gain recovery；Tfst_dep is the ripple of instrument collection
Shape delay data, Wave_dep represent to pass through the original shear wave data obtained after waveform delay process.
3. the method for reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the 4th step, circular is as follows：
In shear wave velocity excursion (SV1~SV2) interior value, L shear wave velocity value v is obtained1,v2,...vL, it is straight so as to establish
Up to the communication mode A of shear wave datal(ω)exp(-iωz/vl), (l=1 ..., L), wherein AlRepresent the through shear wave of l kinds
Time-domain signal, ω is angular frequency, Al(ω) represents the frequency domain signal of the through shear wave of l kinds, vlRepresent the through horizontal stroke of l kinds
The spread speed of ripple, z represent depth p position；
When through shear wave reaches q-th of depth location from p-th of depth location, its communication mode can be expressed as Al(ω)
exp(-iω(q-p)/vl)；Then following formula is represented by p-th of depth location：
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In above formula,ω represents angular frequency, and Ndep represents this survey
The depth-sampling points that well is recorded,The conversion for representing for waveform to be transformed into frequency domain from time-domain accords with, WNdep(ω)
For the frequency domain form of the shear wave data obtained after second step processing；Above formula is reduced into matrix form to obtain：
EgA=W
For above-mentioned matrix, A can be tried to achieve using least square method：
Wherein,:Complex conjugate is represented, T represents transposition, and it is right to obtain all through shear wave institutes of p-th of depth location by above formula
The frequency domain data A answeredl(ω)。
4. the method for reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the 5th step, circular is as follows：
Handled to have obtained the frequency spectrum in all through shear waves in depth Ndep positions by the 4th step, the horizontal stroke by it from depth Ndep positions
Subtracted in the frequency spectrum of wave number evidence, the spectrum signal of depth Ndep positions reflection wave can be obtained：
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In above formula,Represent to sum to each speed direct wave under depth Ndep, RNdep(ω) is represented in depth Ndep
The reflection wave signal of frequency domain after the lower through shear wave of removal, is transformed into time-domain by obtained frequency domain reflection wave signal and obtains
Reflection wave wave number under depth Ndep is according to RNdep。
5. the method for reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Also
There is the 6th step：To obtained reflection wave data RNdep, Signal averaging is carried out with the method for estimating reflector angle of inclination, enters one
Step enhancing back wave shear wave signal intensity.
6. the method for reflection wave is extracted in a kind of data from dipole shear wave according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in the 6th step, specific algorithm is as follows：
(1) T under depth Ndep is calculated firstNdepThe inclination angle superposition parameter at moment：
Z (Ndep)=(z (Ndep)+sqrt ((TNdep·v_sel)2-(z(Ndep)·cos(α))2/sin(α))/2
Z (Ndep) represents T under depth NdepNdepThe inclination angle superposition parameter at moment, z (Ndep) represent source corresponding to depth Ndep away from,
V_sel represents the shear wave propagation speed under the depth, and α represents to estimate the inclination angle of reflector；
(2) propagation time of the back wave under arbitrarily association depth m can be calculated with Z (Ndep)：
T (m)=sqrt (z (m)2+4·Z(Ndep)·(Z(Ndep)-z(m))·sin2(α))/(V_sel)
T (m) represents back wave arrival time under depth m, z (m) represent the source of receiver under depth m away from；
(3) by determining arrival time of the reflection wave in each depth, it is possible to reflection wave signal under depth Ndep
It is overlapped：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, WNdep(TNdep) represent the reflection wave signal under depth Ndep after superposition, Wm(Tm) represent have with depth Ndep
Reflection wave signal under the depth m of association；Num takes the number of instrument receiver.
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