CN107761017B - Lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107761017B CN107761017B CN201710929159.5A CN201710929159A CN107761017B CN 107761017 B CN107761017 B CN 107761017B CN 201710929159 A CN201710929159 A CN 201710929159A CN 107761017 B CN107761017 B CN 107761017B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of novel composite materials, and relates to an aluminum-bamboo composite material and a preparation method thereof. The technical scheme is as follows: the light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material is characterized by comprising: the aluminum plate layer and the bamboo chip layer are compounded according to a single layer or multiple layers of warps and wefts and are formed by vacuum sintering. A preparation method of a lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: processing a bamboo sheet layer and an aluminum plate layer; compounding according to single-layer compounding or multi-layer warp and weft compounding; and (4) vacuum sintering. The composite material effectively reduces the weight of the aluminum-based composite material, and has good mechanical gripping force and wide application; the preparation method is simple, the process operation flow is simple, the equipment investment is low, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and relates to an aluminum-bamboo composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the implementation of the western major development strategy, the national infrastructure represented by high-speed railways (high-speed rails) is being implemented and constructed nationwide and on a large scale. In addition, the living standard of people is improved, and the high-speed rail has the advantages of convenience, comfort, rapidness, high efficiency, safety and the like, so that the traveling mode of people is gradually changed to be mainly based on the high-speed rail train, and the demand on the high-speed rail train is increased. The traditional train body is made of steel, and the problem of self weight of the train body is not beneficial to improving the train speed and saving energy, so that aluminum materials and aluminum alloys with light weight, good corrosion resistance and good forming capability gradually become mainstream materials of high-speed trains.
In the early 50 s of the 20 th century, some countries developed in the world began to manufacture railway cars from aluminum-based materials, including the united states, canada, japan, russia, germany, france, and the like, and at present, the high-speed railway cars in China had used aluminum-based materials in large quantities. Experts in the industry point out that a high-speed train body with the speed per hour of more than 300 kilometers needs to be made of light aluminum alloy materials, and all train carriages with the speed of more than 350 kilometers except a chassis are made of aluminum profiles. In four types of CRHI, CRH2, CRH3 and CRH5 adopted by the current China passenger dedicated line motor train unit, except that the CRHI type motor train unit is made of stainless steel, the rest 3 types of motor train unit bodies are made of aluminum alloy.
Compared with pure metal, the aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high hardness, low melting point, good corrosion resistance and the like. Most importantly, the aluminum alloy has the advantage of low density, so that the energy consumption of the motor train can be reduced. Therefore, the steel is widely used on high-speed train bodies.
In order to further increase the running speed of the high-speed train, reduce energy consumption and improve comfort level, further weight reduction of the high-speed train is required. And the reduction of weight is usually from the viewpoint of researching the use of new materials, such as magnesium aluminum alloy, foamed aluminum and the like. The use of lightweight composite materials has been the focus of research.
The aluminum-bamboo composite material is one of representatives of lightweight composite aluminum alloy materials, but because the existing aluminum-bamboo composite material is a traditional aluminum plate coated bamboo plate, no force is applied between the aluminum and the bamboo plate, the aluminum and the bamboo plate are fixed by rivets or screws, the bamboo plate is prevented from deforming, sliding and falling off, and once the screws or the rivets fall off, the use of the composite material is limited. At present, the method is mainly used in the decoration industry, and the research on the application of the method on the high-speed train is still in the blank period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof, which effectively reduce the weight of an aluminum matrix composite material.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material is characterized by comprising: the aluminum plate layer and the bamboo chip layer are compounded according to a single layer or multiple layers of warps and wefts and are formed by vacuum sintering.
The preparation method of the light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) processing the bamboo sheet layer: processing bamboo according to a certain thickness, flattening, and cutting into bamboo chips with different sizes to prepare bamboo chip layers;
b) processing of the aluminum plate layer: processing the aluminum alloy into an aluminum plate to obtain an aluminum plate layer;
c) compounding: compounding the bamboo sheet layer prepared in the step a and the aluminum sheet layer prepared in the step b according to single-layer compounding or multi-layer warp and weft compounding;
d) and (3) sintering: c, placing the composite material obtained in the step c into a vacuum furnace for sintering; and (3) pumping the pressure in the vacuum furnace to be less than 200Pa, then quickly heating to the sintering temperature of 700-850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-5 h, stopping heating, naturally cooling to room temperature, and opening the bin to obtain the lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material.
Further, the thickness of the aluminum plate layer in the step b is 2 mm-5 mm.
Further, in the step d, the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the continuous heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Further, the compounding method in the step c is to roll the bamboo chip layers and the aluminum plate layers together by using vice versa.
The application of the light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material is characterized by being applied to home decoration or high-speed trains or buses.
The invention provides a lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is prepared by a method of compounding and then vacuum sintering, so that aluminum liquid is deep into the bamboo wood which is partially carbonized through sintering to form the composite material with good mechanical gripping force. Meanwhile, the aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material also has the advantages of good heat insulation performance, good noise reduction effect, high comfort level and the like. The aluminum alloy light-weight decoration material is beneficial to aluminum alloy light-weight, provides a new application field for the bamboo market, and is suitable for family decoration or high-speed trains or buses.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a compounding method of the lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
according to a single-layer composite mode (as shown in figure 1-1), an aluminum plate with the thickness of 3mm and a bamboo plate with the thickness of 5mm are rolled and pressed together through a vice and then placed in a vacuum resistance furnace for sintering.
The sintering system is as follows: the pressure of the vacuum furnace is 180 Pa; the sintering temperature is 800 ℃; preserving the heat for 3 hours; then naturally cooling to room temperature.
After the sintered aluminum-bamboo (carbon) composite material is taken out, a universal tester is adopted to test the mechanical property, and the result shows that: ultimate tensile strength sigmab315 MPa; tensile yield strength σ0.2261 MPa; elongation delta5(%) 13; hardness HB 54; compared with the aluminum alloy with the same volume, the weight is reduced by 14 percent.
Example 2:
according to a double-layer composite mode (as shown in figure 1-2), an aluminum plate with the thickness of 3mm and a bamboo plate with the thickness of 5mm are rolled and pressed together by a vice and then are placed in a vacuum resistance furnace for sintering.
The sintering system is as follows: the pressure of the vacuum furnace is 150 Pa; the sintering temperature is 700 ℃; preserving the heat for 5 hours; then naturally cooling to room temperature.
After the sintered aluminum-bamboo (carbon) composite material is taken out, a universal tester is adopted to test the mechanical property, and the result shows that: ultimate tensile strength sigmab321 MPa; tensile yield strength σ0.2257 MPa; elongation delta5(%) 11; hardness HB 45; compared with the aluminum alloy with the same volume, the weight is reduced by 18 percent.
Example 3:
according to a warp-weft composite mode (as shown in figures 1-3), an aluminum plate with the thickness of 2mm and a bamboo plate with the thickness of 4mm are rolled and pressed together by a vice and then placed in a vacuum resistance furnace for sintering.
The sintering system is as follows: the pressure of the vacuum furnace is 160 Pa; the sintering temperature is 850 ℃; preserving the heat for 4 hours; then naturally cooling to room temperature.
After the sintered aluminum-bamboo (carbon) composite material is taken out, a universal tester is adopted to test the mechanical property, and the result shows that: ultimate tensile strength sigmab311 MPa; tensile yield strength σ0.2251 MPa; elongation delta5(%) 11; hardness HB 48; compared with the aluminum alloy with the same volume, the weight is reduced by 17 percent.
Example 4:
according to a single-layer composite mode (as shown in figure 1-1), an aluminum plate with the thickness of 4mm and a bamboo plate with the thickness of 5mm are rolled and pressed together through a vice and then placed in a vacuum resistance furnace for sintering.
The sintering system is as follows: the pressure of the vacuum furnace is 200 Pa; the sintering temperature is 750 ℃; preserving the heat for 4 hours; then naturally cooling to room temperature.
After the sintered aluminum-bamboo (carbon) composite material is taken out, a universal tester is adopted to test the mechanical property, and the result shows that: ultimate tensile strength sigmab327 MPa; tensile yield strength σ0.2281 MPa; elongation delta5(%) 15; hardness HB 62; compared with the aluminum alloy with the same volume, the weight is reduced by 14 percent.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) processing the bamboo sheet layer: processing bamboo according to a certain thickness, flattening, and cutting into bamboo chips with different sizes to prepare bamboo chip layers;
b) processing of the aluminum plate layer: processing the aluminum alloy into an aluminum plate to obtain an aluminum plate layer;
c) compounding: compounding the bamboo sheet layer prepared in the step a and the aluminum sheet layer prepared in the step b according to single-layer compounding or multi-layer warp and weft compounding;
d) and (3) sintering: c, placing the composite material obtained in the step c into a vacuum furnace for sintering; pumping the pressure in a vacuum furnace to be less than 200Pa, then rapidly heating to the sintering temperature of 700-850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-5 h, stopping heating, naturally cooling to the room temperature, and opening a bin to obtain the lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material;
wherein, the aluminum liquid formed in the sintering process of the aluminum plate layer extends into the bamboo wood which is partially carbonized through sintering.
2. The method for preparing a light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the aluminum plate layer in the step b is 2 mm-5 mm.
3. The method for preparing a lightweight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein: and d, the sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and the continuous heat preservation time is 4 h.
4. The preparation method of the light-weight aluminum bamboo/carbon composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: and c, rolling the bamboo chip layer and the aluminum plate layer together by using vice versa.
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| CN1034161C (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1997-03-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Super-miscellaneous vegetable fibre reinforced Al alloy composite |
| CN1743168A (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2006-03-08 | 沈小红 | Aluminium-wood composite board |
| CN102115856A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 常熟市东涛金属复合材料有限公司 | Preparation process of metal composite material |
| CN102943225B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2015-09-02 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of Carbon fiber cloth/aluminium alloy composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN104195375B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-08-24 | 安徽冠宇光电科技有限公司 | A kind of LED aluminum-base composite heat sink material containing modified bamboo fiber |
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