CN107759957A - 一种阻燃抗菌pc/abs复合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种阻燃抗菌pc/abs复合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107759957A CN107759957A CN201711093594.5A CN201711093594A CN107759957A CN 107759957 A CN107759957 A CN 107759957A CN 201711093594 A CN201711093594 A CN 201711093594A CN 107759957 A CN107759957 A CN 107759957A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物及其制备方法与应用,按重量份数计,包括如下组分:PC树脂10‑50份;ABS树脂30‑80份;相容剂2‑10份;溴系阻燃剂8‑15份;阻燃协效剂1‑5份;粘结改性剂1‑10份;粘结改性协效剂0.1‑0.5份;抗菌剂0.5‑2份;助剂0.1‑3份。本发明所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物力学性能优异,阻燃等级达到UL94@1.5‑3.0mm V‑0。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,尤其是涉及一种阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
PC/ABS合金是由PC(聚碳酸酯)和ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物)按一定的比例合成的一种合金材料。聚碳酸酯(PC)具有冲击强度高、抗蠕变、尺寸稳定性好、耐热、透明、介电性能优良等优点,但同时也存在加工流动性差、容易发生应力开裂、对缺口敏感、耐磨性差等缺点;丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)具有较好的耐化学药品性和成型加工性,然而其耐热和耐候性差相对较差。两者共混改性所得的PC/ABS合金在性能上可互补,不仅共混合金的耐热性、冲击强度以及拉伸强度优于ABS,而且其熔体粘度比PC低,加工性能好,制品内应力和冲击强度对制品厚度的敏感性都大大降低,在电子电气、汽车以及许多高新技术领域用途广泛。
PC/ABS合金材料在胶粘领域应用越来越广泛,如铅酸蓄电池领域。铅酸电池电极主要由铅及其氧化物制成,电解液是硫酸溶液的一种蓄电池。自法国人普兰特于1859年发明铅酸蓄电池,已经历了近150年的发展历程,铅酸蓄电池在理论研究方面,在产品种类及品种、产品电气性能等方面都得到了长足的进步,不论是在交通、通信、电力、军事还是在航海、航空各个经济领域,铅酸蓄电池都起到了不可缺少的重要作用。近年来,随着城市化的加速和城市范围的扩大,交通流量剧增。虽然汽车等交通工具发展迅速,但受到使用价格相对昂贵和油价上涨等因素的影响,使电动自行车以其轻捷、方便、价格低廉等优势,在国内市场深受广大消费者的欢迎。铅酸蓄电池因性价比高、功率特性好,自放电小,价格便宜,近年来在电动自行车中又得到了应用;
PC/ABS合金材料应用于胶粘领域,需要其具备极高的粘结强度及稳定性;如铅酸蓄电池领域用PC/ABS合金材料,要求其初期粘结强度为≧76.2Kgf/1.27cm2;而目前市面上的PC/ABS合金材料,其粘结强度多为50-70Kgf/1.27cm2;无法满足蓄电池领域的要求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在提出一种阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物及其制备方法与应用,以解决上述问题。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,按重量份数计,包括如下组分:
进一步的,所述PC树脂为双酚A型聚碳酸酯,其分子量为10000-40000。
进一步的,所述ABS树脂为丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯的三元共聚物,其中,丙烯腈的重量百分比含量为15-32%,丁二烯的重量百分比含量为10-55%,苯乙烯的重量百分比含量为30-70%。
进一步的,所述相容剂为马来酸酐的接枝物,所述接枝物的接枝率为0.3-1.2%,所述接枝物在190℃、2.16kg负荷下的熔融指数为50-120g/10min。马来酸酐接枝相容剂通过引入强极性反应性基团,使材料具有高的极性和反应性,能大大提高复合材料的相容性。
进一步的,所述溴系阻燃剂为溴代三嗪,即三(三-溴苯基)氰尿酸酯。
进一步的,所述阻燃协效剂为三氧化二锑、胶体五氧化二锑、三氯化锑、五氯化锑中的一种或几种的混合物。
进一步的,所述粘结改性剂为乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物,其在190℃、2.16kg负荷下的熔体质量流动速率为5-10g/10min。加入粘结改性剂后,可以在树脂和胶粘剂之间形成氢键,大量氢键的形成,可以增强树脂和胶粘剂之间的范德华力,从而提高复合物的粘结强度。
进一步的,所述粘结改性协效剂为高沸点的小分子物质,具体为松节油、煤焦油、糠醇、蓖麻油、环氧大豆油中的一种或两种以上的混合物。添加高沸点的小分子物质后,这些小分子物质的加入可以增加分子链的运动能力,提高柔性,从而使得胶层不脆,进一步提高复合物的粘结强度;
进一步的,所述抗菌剂为光触媒抗菌剂与银系无机抗菌剂复配而成的抗菌剂,优选为重量百分比为1:1复配而成的抗菌剂。采用光触媒抗菌剂与银系无机抗菌剂复配而成的抗菌剂,可以克服单一抗菌剂的局限性;其抗菌机理为:吸收紫外光、可见光等外界能量,通过激发电子跃迁,激活抗菌剂周围的氧气和水分子,成为活性氧和氢氧自由基。它们能氧化或使细菌细胞中的蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、糖苷等发生反应,破坏其正常结构,从而使细菌死亡或丧失增殖能力。
进一步的,本发明的组合物中助剂包括如热稳定剂、光稳定剂、加工助剂、颜料等。可根据不同制品的结构、技术要求等对上述添加剂进行单独使用,或者复合使用。
热稳定剂可以提高材料在加工和使用过程中的耐热老化性能,通常可选自酚类、亚磷酸酯类、硫代酯类的复合物中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
光稳定剂可以提高材料在使用过程中的耐光老化性能,可为受阻胺类光稳定剂或紫外线吸收剂。
加工助剂为低分子酯类硬脂酸、金属皂(如Cast、Znst)、硬脂酸复合酯或酰胺类(如芥酸酰胺)中的一种或两种以上。
本发明所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将PC树脂、ABS树脂、相容剂、溴系阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂、粘结改性剂、粘结改性协效剂、抗菌剂、助剂在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟得到混合物;
(2)将上述混合物经过送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中,挤出机的各段螺杆温度控制在180~230℃之间,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为25~40,螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物;
(3)将阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-240℃,模具温度60~70℃,注塑压力6-10MPa。
上述阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物可广泛应用于蓄电池等胶封工艺中。
相对于现有技术,本发明所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物具有以下优势:
1)本发明所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,力学性能优异,其阻燃等级达到UL94@1.5-3.0mm V-0;
2)本发明所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物具有优异的粘结强度,并且稳定性高;
3)本发明所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物制备方法简单易行,加工容易,非常适合胶封领域(如蓄电池)推广应用;
4)本发明添加抗菌剂后,制备的ABS复合物具有优异的抗菌效果,可以作为抗菌材料用于汽车,冰箱,电视机行业。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
现对实施例及对比例所用的原材料做如下说明,但不限于这些材料:
PC树脂选自日本帝人的PC L-1225L;
ABS树脂选用台化的ABS AG10NP-AK;
相容剂选自沈阳科通塑胶有限公司的KT-1;
溴系阻燃剂选用日本第一制药公司的SR-245;
阻燃协效剂选用安化华宇锑业有限公司的三氧化二锑厂家;
粘结改性剂选用阿科玛AX-8900;
粘结改性协效剂选用山东龙口市龙达环氧大豆油;
抗菌剂为光触媒抗菌剂与银系无机抗菌剂复配而成的抗菌剂,优选为重量百分比为1:1复配而成的抗菌剂。其中,光触媒抗菌剂为锐钛型的TiO2,选自华微科技;银系无机抗菌剂选自广州茵诺威化工有限公司,具体型号为IPS3。
助剂为颜料,实施例1-3与对比例1-3中均加入了重量比为1份的颜料,因该颜料对组合物的物理性质无影响,因此未列出。
本发明实施例中在制备和测试阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物所用到的仪器设备有:
热塑性塑料阻燃改性所用的双螺杆挤出机是由南京瑞亚高聚物装备有限公司生产的SHJ-30。
热塑性塑料测试样条采用的注塑机是由浙江海天注塑机有限公司生产的B-920型。
测试熔体流动速率用的仪器是美斯特工业系统(中国)有限公司生产的ZR21452熔体流动速率仪。
测试冲击强度用的冲击实验机是美国Tinius Olsenis公司生产的T92型。
测试拉伸强度用的万能试验机是Hounsfield公司生产的H10K-S。
测试阻燃等级使用的UL-94垂直燃烧仪是美国ATLAS HVUL-2。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
将30份PC树脂、53.4份ABS树脂、2份相容剂、10份溴系阻燃剂、3份阻燃协效剂、1份粘结改性剂、0.1份粘结改性协效剂、0.5份抗菌剂,按配比在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟;将上述混合物经过精密计量的送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中(其中,双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:一区温度190℃,二区温度210℃,三区温度230℃,四区温度240℃,五区温度240℃,六区温度240℃,七区温度240℃,八区温度240℃,九区温度240℃,十区温度250℃,机头温度260℃;螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,长径比为40:1),在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物;将阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-260℃,模具温度为60~70℃,注塑压力为6-10MPa。
实施例2
将30份PC树脂、49.8份ABS树脂、2份相容剂、10份溴系阻燃剂、3份阻燃协效剂、5份粘结改性剂、0.2份粘结改性协效剂、1份抗菌剂,按配比在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟;将上述混合物经过精密计量的送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中(其中,双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:一区温度190℃,二区温度210℃,三区温度230℃,四区温度240℃,五区温度240℃,六区温度240℃,七区温度240℃,八区温度240℃,九区温度240℃,十区温度250℃,机头温度260℃;螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,长径比为40:1),在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物;将阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-260℃,模具温度为60~70℃,注塑压力为6-10MPa。
实施例3
将30份PC树脂、44.5份ABS树脂、2份相容剂、10份溴系阻燃剂、3份阻燃协效剂、10份粘结改性剂、0.5份粘结改性协效剂、10份抗菌剂,按配比在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟;将上述混合物经过精密计量的送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中(其中,双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:一区温度190℃,二区温度210℃,三区温度230℃,四区温度240℃,五区温度240℃,六区温度240℃,七区温度240℃,八区温度240℃,九区温度240℃,十区温度250℃,机头温度260℃;螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,长径比为40:1),在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物;将阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-260℃,模具温度为60~70℃,注塑压力为6-10MPa。
对比例1
将30份PC树脂、54份ABS树脂、2份相容剂、10份溴系阻燃剂、3份阻燃协效剂、1份粘结改性剂,按配比在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟;将上述混合物经过精密计量的送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中(其中,双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:一区温度190℃,二区温度210℃,三区温度230℃,四区温度240℃,五区温度240℃,六区温度240℃,七区温度240℃,八区温度240℃,九区温度240℃,十区温度250℃,机头温度260℃;螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,长径比为40:1),在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到PC/ABS复合物;将PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-260℃,模具温度为60~70℃,注塑压力为6-10MPa。
对比例2
将30份PC树脂、54.8份ABS树脂、2份相容剂、10份溴系阻燃剂、3份阻燃协效剂、0.2份粘结改性协效剂,按配比在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟;将上述混合物经过精密计量的送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中(其中,双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:一区温度190℃,二区温度210℃,三区温度230℃,四区温度240℃,五区温度240℃,六区温度240℃,七区温度240℃,八区温度240℃,九区温度240℃,十区温度250℃,机头温度260℃;螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,长径比为40:1),在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到PC/ABS复合物;将PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-260℃,模具温度为60~70℃,注塑压力为6-10MPa。
对比例3
将30份PC树脂、55份ABS树脂、2份相容剂、10份溴系阻燃剂、3份阻燃协效剂,按配比在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟;将上述混合物经过精密计量的送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中(其中,双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:一区温度190℃,二区温度210℃,三区温度230℃,四区温度240℃,五区温度240℃,六区温度240℃,七区温度240℃,八区温度240℃,九区温度240℃,十区温度250℃,机头温度260℃;螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,长径比为40:1),在螺杆的剪切、混炼及输送下,物料得以充分熔化、复合,再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到PC/ABS复合物;将PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-260℃,模具温度为60~70℃,注塑压力为6-10MPa。
实施例1-3和对比例1-3得到的样条采用ISO标准测试其相关性能,其抗菌率测定,采用中国轻工行业标准QB/T 2591-2003《抗菌塑料—抗菌性能评价及其测试方法》标准,实验菌种为大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌。另外,粘接强度的测试方法为:
1、先将树脂片(即样条,下同)从中间剪断;
2、距断开处10mm处做标记,并用50%的乙醇擦拭表面;
3、使用棉签蘸取接着剂,在其中一片树脂片的标记范围内滴加两滴接着剂,滴加的质量为0.06-0.08g;
4、将两片树脂片按照标记处叠加对齐,使两片树脂片的标记处粘接在一起,在两片树脂片的上方压上质量为500g的专用压板,同时在空隙处垫上垫片确保树脂片水平且不发生错位,将溢出的接着剂清除;
5、将树脂条放入干燥设备内干燥,确保从配置接着剂到放入干燥设备要保证在10min内完成,干燥温度为60℃,时间为2h;
6、粘接强度测试:将步骤5得到的干燥后的树脂片在5mm/min的拉伸速度下得到树脂片的粘接强度。
实施例1-3和对比例1-3的具体配比和性能测试结果见下表:
表1实施例与对比例中各组份的具体配比及性能测试数据
从表1的实施例和对比例中可以看出,添加粘结改性剂和粘结协效剂后,实施例与对比例的力学性能基本一样,力学性能和阻燃性能保持的很好,但是粘结强度相差很大;实施例1与对比例1相比,添加了0.1份粘结协效剂,粘结强度从79.0Kgf/1.27cm2提高到83.4Kgf/1.27cm2;实施例2与对比例2相比,添加了5份粘结改性剂,粘结强度从71.8Kgf/1.27cm2提高到94.1Kgf/1.27cm2;实施例3与对比例3相比,添加了10份粘结改性剂和0.5份粘结协效剂,粘结强度从66.7Kgf/1.27cm2提高到108.5Kgf/1.27cm2。
从表1还可以看出,不添加粘结改性剂和粘结协效剂,复合物的粘结强度只有66.7Kgf/1.27cm2,从对比例1、对比例2和对比例3相比,可以看出,添加粘结改性剂或粘结协效剂均可以改善复合物的粘结强度,但是同时添加粘结改性剂和粘结协效剂,可以使得复合物的粘结强度大幅度提高。由上表中还可以看出:添加光触媒抗菌剂与银系无机抗菌剂复配而成的抗菌剂,可以克服单一抗菌剂的局限性,制备的复合材料具有优异的抗菌效果。
本发明阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物具有优异的综合性能,在提高粘结强度的同时,其阻燃性能、力学性能基本保持不变,可以应用于胶封材料领域(如蓄电池)。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:按重量份数计,包括如下组分:
其中,所述PC树脂为双酚A型聚碳酸酯,其分子量为10000-40000。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述ABS树脂为丙烯腈、丁二烯、苯乙烯的三元共聚物,其中,丙烯腈的重量百分比含量为15-32%,丁二烯的重量百分比含量为10-55%,苯乙烯的重量百分比含量为30-70%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述相容剂为马来酸酐的接枝物,所述接枝物的接枝率为0.3-1.2%,所述接枝物在190℃、2.16kg负荷下的熔融指数为50-120g/10min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述溴系阻燃剂为溴代三嗪。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述阻燃协效剂为三氧化二锑、胶体五氧化二锑、三氯化锑、五氯化锑中的一种或几种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述粘结改性剂为乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物,其在190℃、2.16kg负荷下的熔体质量流动速率为5-10g/10min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述粘结改性协效剂为松节油、煤焦油、糠醇、蓖麻油、环氧大豆油中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的ABS复合物,其特征在于:所述抗菌剂为光触媒抗菌剂与银系无机抗菌剂复配而成的抗菌剂;优选地,所述抗菌剂为光触媒抗菌剂与银系无机抗菌剂重量百分比为1:1复配而成的抗菌剂。
9.一种阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物的制备方法,其特征在于:该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将PC树脂、ABS树脂、相容剂、溴系阻燃剂、阻燃协效剂、粘结改性剂、粘结改性协效剂、抗菌剂、助剂在高速混合机充分混合10-60分钟得到混合物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物经过送料装置输送到双螺杆挤出机中,该螺杆挤出机的各段螺杆温度控制在180~230℃之间,双螺杆挤出机的长径比为25~40,螺杆转速为200-800转/分钟,混合物充分熔化、复合后再经过挤出造粒、干燥得到阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物;
(3)将阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物加入到注塑机中加工成所需样条,所述注塑条件为:料筒温度190-240℃,模具温度60~70℃,注塑压力6-10MPa。
10.一种权利要求1-9中任一所述的阻燃抗菌PC/ABS复合物在蓄电池胶封材料中的应用。
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CN109651747A (zh) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-19 | 天津金发新材料有限公司 | 一种抗菌阻燃聚苯乙烯组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN112194888A (zh) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-08 | 烟台义诚新材料科技有限公司 | 一种低气味及高抗菌性的阻燃塑料及其制备方法 |
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