CN107759194A - A kind of shale sanitary ceramics and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of shale sanitary ceramics and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107759194A CN107759194A CN201711098990.7A CN201711098990A CN107759194A CN 107759194 A CN107759194 A CN 107759194A CN 201711098990 A CN201711098990 A CN 201711098990A CN 107759194 A CN107759194 A CN 107759194A
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C04B33/34—Burning methods combined with glazing
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
- C03C2204/04—Opaque glass, glaze or enamel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2205/00—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes
- C03C2205/02—Compositions applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels or glazes for opaque enamels or glazes
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shale sanitary ceramics and preparation method thereof, the base substrate of the shale sanitary ceramics includes following raw material：Universal love 10 ~ 20wt% of soil, bauxite 5 ~ 15 wt%, white 5 ~ 15wt% of spoil, grey 5 ~ 15wt% of cash, Yuanan 1 ~ 5wt% of soil, 5 ~ 15wt% of black mud, 5 ~ 40wt% of shale, quartz 10 ~ 20wt%, 5 ~ 25wt% of feldspar.The present invention uses shale to prepare the sanitary ceramics of excellent performance as main raw material(s), can effectively reduce material cost, while ensures product quality, and in preparation process, firing temperature is low, can effectively reduce energy resource consumption, reduces production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of sanitary ceramics.
Background technology
Sanitary ceramics refers to apply the ceramic in kitchen, toilet etc., and its processability to ceramics, machinery are strong
Degree, surface whiteness require higher.In the prior art for construction sanitary ceramic mainly by former materials such as clay class, feldspar and quartz
Material is prepared by high-temperature firing, and at present, the output of domestic sanitary ceramics is huge, and still in continuous increase among, often
The ceramic raw material that year consumes is also very surprising.Meanwhile in order to ensure the yield rate of product and colour generation quality, especially for
The requirement of base substrate whiteness, the quality of ceramic raw material also more and more higher used by manufacturer so that high-quality ceramic raw material
Consumption continues to increase, and indivedual high-quality raw materials are closely exhausted, as Jing Dezhen kaolin is exhausted, reserves of Guangdong black mud also just
Reducing rapidly.
Containing abundant shale resource, shale is the construction mutation of clay rock, is less than 0.1 by diameter in Sichuan Jiajiang area
Millimeter fines compress the argillaceous texture formed, and the mineral composition of shale is mainly clay mineral, in addition with many chips
Mineral and secondary mineral, such as:Feldspar, mica, chlorite, hornblend etc..Therefore shale as building particularly suitable for making pottery
The raw material of porcelain use, but its iron-holder is high, burn till be easily deformed, production quality is difficult to control, and product colour generation whiteness difference etc.
Reason, the production field of sanitary ceramic ware is not can apply to always.
The content of the invention
The preparation method of sanitary ceramics is carried out it is an object of the invention to propose can largely to introduce shale in a kind of raw material.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of shale sanitary ceramics, its base substrate include following raw material：Universal love 10 ~ 20wt% of soil, 5 ~ 15wt% of bauxite, white spoil 5 ~
15wt%, grey 5 ~ 15wt% of cash, Yuanan 1 ~ 5wt% of soil, 5 ~ 15wt% of black mud, 5 ~ 40wt% of shale, 10 ~ 20wt% of quartz, feldspar 5 ~
25wt%。
Wherein described universal love is native, grey cash, Yuanan soil are Henan and Hubei Province's clay respectively, and wherein universal love penus is in height
The flint clay of ridge stone type, its Al2O3Content reach more than 40%；Yuanan soil is common clay；Grey cash is also referred to as blue or green cash, is one
The flint clay of kind illite type.
In above-mentioned raw materials, bauxite can increase the sintering viscosity of blank, widen the sintering range of blank, promote group
Temperature reduces needed for compound is integral sintered, on the one hand universal love soil can increase or keep blank forming performance, on the other hand improves base
The hardness of material, intensity, resistance to elevated temperatures etc.；Yuanan soil and black mud can strengthen the adhesive power between body composition, and promote to combine
The lifting of thing overall mechanical properties；Clay class raw material in base substrate can be carried out diversified processing by white spoil and grey cash, to avoid
One of which composition of raw material significantly affects the performance of base substrate after changing.
Preferably, the shale sanitary ceramics is included to the adamantine layer formed by low-temperature glaze, the adamantine layer is with transparent
Glaze or opaque glaze form are presented.
Further preferably：The low-temperature glaze is transparent glase fired at lower temperature, and its raw material includes：Universal love 10 ~ 15wt% of soil is sliding
15 ~ 30wt% of stone, 30 ~ 50wt% of feldspar, 15 ~ 30wt% of quartz.
Another further preferred embodiment is：The low-temperature glaze is low temperature opaque glaze, it include universal love soil 5 ~
10wt%, the wt% of talcum 10 ~ 15, the wt% of feldspar 20 ~ 40, quartz 10 ~ 20 wt%, 10 ~ 20wt% of zirconium silicate, the wt% of zinc oxide 1 ~ 5.
Present invention further proposes the preparation method of above-mentioned shale sanitary ceramics, comprise the following steps：
（1）The raw material of the base substrate is subjected to ball milling, is less than 1% by the screen over-size of the sieve of 300 ~ 350 mesh to raw material；
（2）Raw material after ball milling is delivered in old pond carry out it is old, old middle mud balance be 1.75 ~ 1.77, the old time
For 10 ~ 12 days；
（3）Raw slurry after will be old carries out injection forming using minute-pressure mode, and the slip casting time is 100 ~ 150min, after slip casting
It is 30 ~ 40min to consolidate the time；
（4）Base substrate after injection forming is spontaneously dried 1 ~ 3 day；
（5）Prepare glaze；
（6）To completing step（4）Base substrate carry out glazing；
（7）7 ~ 10h is fired at 1000 ~ 1200 DEG C to glazing and dried base substrate, that is, obtains the shale sanitary ceramics.
Wherein, the minute-pressure is preferably that pressure is equal to or less than 0.2kgN.
The glaze can be selected according to actual decorative effect.
A kind of preferred embodiment of the preparation method is：The step（4）Described in dry process be：After glazing
Base substrate in 50 ~ 70 DEG C of hothouse dry 24 ~ 32h.
Another preferred embodiment of the preparation method is：The step（1）During middle ball milling, blank raw material and mill ball
And the mass ratio of water is 1:2.0~2.5:0.5~0.9.
Another preferred embodiment of the preparation method is：The step（6）After middle glazing glazed thickness be 1.8 ~
2.1mm。
Another preferred embodiment of the preparation method is：The step（6）Including glazing twice, respectively in base substrate
Upper application ground-coat enamel, apply cover-coat enamel on ground-coat enamel, wherein ground-coat enamel thickness is 1 ~ 1.2mm, and cover-coat enamel thickness is 0.8 ~ 0.9mm.
The present invention possesses following beneficial effect：
（1）The general firing temperature of the sanitary ceramics of the present invention is reduced to 1160 DEG C or so by traditional 1220 ~ 1250 DEG C, and can
To realize the preparation of lower firing temperature；
（2）The transparent glase fired at lower temperature of the present invention has good transparent effect, and glaze paint is bright and clean homogeneous, by applying transparent glase fired at lower temperature
Preparation method, the sanitary ceramics with shale body color can be obtained；
（3）The low temperature opaque glaze of the present invention has good opaque effect；
（4）In preferably preparation method of the invention further, the high white of whiteness can be made in the technique that includes secondary glazing
Sanitary ceramics；
（5）The present invention can largely introduce raw material of the shale as sanitary ceramic body, while by introducing bauxite and winning
Like the raw material such as soil, improve the alumina content in blank, it is suppressed that the base substrate caused by iron oxide high content introducing in shale
The influence that firing range significantly narrows, so as to avoid the deterioration of blank sintering deformation performance, solve in the prior art
The technical problem of sanitary ceramics can not be prepared by shale, has widened application of the shale in architectural pottery field；
（6）Used shale as sanitary ceramic body raw material because of the invention a large amount of, effectively reduce the material of sanitary ceramics into
This, improves Business Economic Benefit；
（7）The sanitary ceramics of high intensity can be prepared in the blank raw material of the present invention under relatively low firing temperature, reduce energy
Source consumes, and improves product quality, improves production efficiency and economic benefit；
（8）With low-temperature glaze there is good combination in the sanitary ceramics of the present invention, by and the combination of low-temperature glaze can
To obtain different surfaces decorative effect, be advantageous to the cultivation of sanitary ceramics new varieties；
（9）The use ratio of shale raw material can reduce production cost 3 ~ 5 up to 5 ~ 40wt%, average every product in the present invention
Member.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Shale sanitary ceramics is prepared by following steps：
（1）Raw material proportioning：Mixing is weighed according to the percentage of blank raw material.
The component proportion of blank raw material：Universal love soil 15wt%, bauxite 8wt%, white spoil 10wt%, grey cash 5wt%, Yuanan soil
2wt%, black mud 8wt%, shale 30wt%, quartzy 10wt%, feldspar 12wt%.
（2）Ball milling：By the blank raw material after weighing by material:Ball:Water=1:2.3:0.7 ratio adds ball mill and carries out ball
Mill processing；Ball milling is less than 1 to 325 mesh screen residues, go out to cross when grinding 80 mesh sieves be sent to old stock tank carry out it is old；
（3）It is old：The mass fraction of moisture is 30 ~ 32% in mud in old pond, and proportion is 1.75 ~ 1.77, old by 12 days
Corruption, old period low-speed mixer uninterruptedly stir；
（4）Injection forming：Using minute-pressure grouting mode, the slip casting time is 130 minutes, consolidates the time as 35 minutes；
（5）Dry：Base substrate is spontaneously dried 2 days in assembly room；
（6）Glaze is processed：Glaze slip is prepared according to glaze component.
Decorated using transparent glase fired at lower temperature, glaze formula is：Universal love soil 10 wt%, talcum 30wt%, feldspar 45wt%, quartz 15
wt%。
（7）Glazing：Glaze spraying is carried out to green compact using pressure glaze spraying mode；Glazed thickness is 1.1 ~ 1.3mm in glaze spraying operation；
（8）Redrying：In 65 degree of hothouse force dryings 30 hours；
（9）Burn till：Burnt till in 1180 DEG C of tunnel cave, firing period is 9 hours, obtains sanitary ceramics finished product.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of embodiment 1,
Step（6）Low temperature opaque glaze is replaced with glaze processing, its formula is：Universal love soil 10 wt%, talcum 20wt%, feldspar
35wt%, quartz 10 wt%, zirconium silicate 20wt%, the wt% of zinc oxide 5.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
On the basis of embodiment 1,
Step（1）The component proportion of middle blank raw material replaces with：Universal love 15 wt% of soil, bauxite 8 wt%, the white wt% of spoil 10,
Grey cash 5wt%, Yuanan 1 wt% of soil, the wt% of black mud 5, the wt% of shale 40, quartz 10 wt%, feldspar 6wt%.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
On the basis of embodiment 2,
Step（1）The component proportion of middle blank raw material replaces with：Universal love 15 wt% of soil, bauxite 8 wt%, the white wt% of spoil 10,
Grey cash 5wt%, Yuanan 1 wt% of soil, the wt% of black mud 5, the wt% of shale 40, quartz 10 wt%, feldspar 6wt%.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5
On the basis of embodiment 1,
The step（7）Replace with including glazing twice, respectively apply ground-coat enamel on base substrate, apply cover-coat enamel on ground-coat enamel,
Wherein ground-coat enamel thickness is 1 ~ 1.2mm, and cover-coat enamel thickness is 0.8 ~ 0.9mm, and ground-coat enamel and cover-coat enamel are same transparent glase fired at lower temperature.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
On the basis of embodiment 2,
The step（7）Replace with including glazing twice, respectively apply ground-coat enamel on base substrate, apply cover-coat enamel on ground-coat enamel,
Wherein ground-coat enamel thickness is 1 ~ 1.2mm, and cover-coat enamel thickness is 0.8 ~ 0.9mm, and ground-coat enamel and cover-coat enamel are the low temperature opaque glaze.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
On the basis of embodiment 1,
The step（7）Replace with including glazing twice, respectively apply ground-coat enamel on base substrate, apply cover-coat enamel on ground-coat enamel,
Wherein ground-coat enamel thickness is 1 ~ 1.2mm, and cover-coat enamel thickness is 0.8 ~ 0.9mm, and wherein cover-coat enamel is same transparent glase fired at lower temperature, ground-coat enamel be with
The identical low temperature opaque glaze of embodiment 2.
Other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
The product of 1 ~ embodiment of testing example 7, its average firing temperature are reduced to 1160 DEG C or so, individually apply low temperature
Glaze paint is bright and clean homogeneous after the sanitary ceramics of clear frit is fired, and can obtain the sanitary ceramics with shale body color, decorative effect
Good, the sanitary ceramics surface for individually applying low temperature opaque glaze has good white opaque effect；Carry out the product of secondary glazing
Whiteness is high, and product strength, hardness are above standard requirement, while processing characteristics is good, substantially undeformed generation after processing；It is average
Every product can reduce by 3 ~ 5 yuan of production cost.
Above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not the restriction to embodiment.
For those of ordinary skill in the field, other various forms of changes can also be made on the basis of the above description
Or change.And among the obvious changes or variations thus amplified out is still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
- A kind of 1. shale sanitary ceramics, it is characterised in that：The base substrate of the shale sanitary ceramics includes following raw material：Universal love soil 10 ~ 20wt%, bauxite 5 ~ 15 wt%, white 5 ~ 15wt% of spoil, grey 5 ~ 15wt% of cash, Yuanan 1 ~ 5wt% of soil, 5 ~ 15wt% of black mud, shale 5 ~ 40wt%, quartz 10 ~ 20wt%, 5 ~ 25wt% of feldspar.
- 2. shale sanitary ceramics according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shale sanitary ceramics is included by low temperature glaze Expect the adamantine layer formed.
- 3. shale sanitary ceramics according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The low-temperature glaze is transparent glase fired at lower temperature, its Raw material includes：Universal love 10 ~ 15wt% of soil, 15 ~ 30wt% of talcum, 30 ~ 50wt% of feldspar, 15 ~ 30wt% of quartz.
- 4. shale sanitary ceramics according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The low-temperature glaze is low temperature opaque glaze, its Raw material includes：Universal love 5 ~ 10wt% of soil, the wt% of talcum 10 ~ 15, the wt% of feldspar 20 ~ 40,10 ~ 20 wt% of quartz, zirconium silicate 10 ~ 20wt%, the wt% of zinc oxide 1 ~ 5.
- 5. the preparation method of shale sanitary ceramics as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：（1）The raw material of the base substrate is subjected to ball milling, is less than 1% by the screen over-size of the sieve of 300 ~ 350 mesh to raw material；（2）Raw material after ball milling is delivered in old pond carry out it is old, old middle mud balance be 1.75 ~ 1.77, the old time For 10 ~ 12 days；（3）Raw slurry after will be old carries out injection forming using minute-pressure grouting mode, and the slip casting time is 100 ~ 150min, note It is 30 ~ 40min to consolidate the time after slurry；（4）Base substrate after injection forming is spontaneously dried 1 ~ 3 day；（5）Prepare glaze；（6）To completing step（4）Base substrate carry out glazing；（7）7 ~ 10h is fired at 1000 ~ 1200 DEG C to glazing and dried base substrate, that is, obtains the shale sanitary ceramics.
- 6. the preparation method of the shale sanitary ceramics according to right 5, it is characterised in that：The step（7）Described in dry Process be：Base substrate after glazing is dried into 24 ~ 32h in 50 ~ 70 DEG C of hothouse.
- 7. the preparation method of the shale sanitary ceramics according to right 5, it is characterised in that：The step（1）During middle ball milling, base Body raw material is 1 with the mass ratio of mill ball and water:2.0~2.5:0.5~0.9.
- 8. the preparation method of the shale sanitary ceramics according to right 5, it is characterised in that：The step（6）Glaze after middle glazing Thickness degree is 1.8 ~ 2.1mm.
- 9. the preparation method of the shale sanitary ceramics according to right 8, it is characterised in that：The step（6）Including applying twice Glaze, respectively apply ground-coat enamel on base substrate, apply cover-coat enamel on ground-coat enamel, wherein ground-coat enamel thickness is 1 ~ 1.2mm, and cover-coat enamel thickness is 0.8~0.9mm。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109400218A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-01 | 湖北宜都市兴达陶瓷有限公司 | A kind of enameling method for preventing sanitary ceramics from generating pore |
| CN109650859A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-19 | 佛山陶者陶瓷原料有限公司 | A kind of high whiteness Ceramic Tiles of no zirconium and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109400218A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-01 | 湖北宜都市兴达陶瓷有限公司 | A kind of enameling method for preventing sanitary ceramics from generating pore |
| CN109650859A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-04-19 | 佛山陶者陶瓷原料有限公司 | A kind of high whiteness Ceramic Tiles of no zirconium and preparation method thereof |
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