CN107758758A - A kind of new permeable reactive barrier - Google Patents
A kind of new permeable reactive barrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN107758758A CN107758758A CN201610695427.7A CN201610695427A CN107758758A CN 107758758 A CN107758758 A CN 107758758A CN 201610695427 A CN201610695427 A CN 201610695427A CN 107758758 A CN107758758 A CN 107758758A
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- buffering area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of permeable reactive barrier, it includes the front end buffering area and rear end buffering area positioned at ground, and by the ground in depth under grill body；Wherein：The front end buffering area and rear end buffering area are located at the both sides of grill body, and are piled up and formed by stone by grill body；The grill body includes front end fixed area, water treatment zone and rear end fixed area, wherein, stone is filled in front end fixed area and rear end fixed area, water treatment agent is filled in water treatment zone；The reaction grid likeness in form dam, wherein, front end buffering area and front end fixed area form dam forward part, and water treatment zone is part in dam, and rear end buffering area and rear end fixed area form part behind dam.Reaction cell structure of the present invention is firm, and the processing of rainwash and phreatic water can be achieved, while uses special water treatment agent, assigns grid excellent water treatmenting performance, realizes effective removing of heavy metal in water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water treatment field, more particularly to surface waste water process field, especially, is related to one kind and is used for earth's surface
The permeable reactive barrier of sewage disposal.
Background technology
Water resource is a part indispensable in human lives and production process, still, with the rapid development of economy,
Various pollutants, which are discharged into environment, causes water body especially underground water seriously to pollute, and has had a strong impact on daily life
And production.Processing to water pollution has a variety of methods, wherein, absorption method is standby due to the advantages of it is inexpensive, non-secondary pollution
It is concerned.
Many researchs have been done in improvement of the domestic and foreign scholars to underground sewage, wherein, oozing filled with adsorbing medium
Transflection answers grid to possess good performance as the technology of new development, economically saves also very significantly, therefore obtained extensively
Concern and research.
But the permeable grid studied in the prior art has the following disadvantages：
(1) deeper subsurface water treatment field is belonged to, grid is arranged at underground, carries out the processing of deep phreatic water, and
Processing and the water sample detection of earth's surface rainwash can not be realized.But in practice, many surface soil or surface water quilts be present
The situation of pollution, such as：Produce the soil of factory floor underlying surfaces and the soil quilt on slag laydown area surface of waste liquid
Serious pollution, the pollutant of the inside form rainwash and phreatic water under rainwash.It would therefore be highly desirable to design one kind
The reaction grid of rainwash or phreatic water can be handled.
(2) water treatment efficiency is poor, and the reason is mainly reflected in the selection of water treatment medium, especially to contaminative in water
The removal effect of heavy metal is bad.
Chinese patent CN 10366367A disclose a kind of reproducible hydrodynamic seepage pressure, and the grid can handle underground
Water but be non-surface water, although the grid can remove humic acid, the removal effect of heavy metal is bad.
Therefore, a kind of novel reaction grid is needed badly, the grid has high water treatment efficiency and can carry out earth's surface footpath
The processing of stream and phreatic water.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, present inventor has performed studying with keen determination, a kind of novel reaction grid at design is described anti-
Answering a part of structure of grid, for handling rainwash, a part of structure is located underground, for handling shallow underground positioned on the ground
Water, reaction grid is set to realize the processing of rainwash and phreatic water, meanwhile, the reaction grid employs a kind of new
Water treatment agent, efficient water treatment efficiency is realized, so as to complete the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of permeable reactive barrier, it is embodied in：
(1) a kind of permeable reactive barrier, wherein, the reaction grid includes front end successively from front to back by water (flow) direction
Buffering area 1, grill body 2 and rear end buffering area 3；
(2) the reaction grid according to above-mentioned (1), wherein,
The front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 are triangle column construction, and its longitudinal cross-section is triangular in shape；With/
Or
The front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 are respectively positioned on the ground；
(3) the reaction grid according to above-mentioned (1) or (2), wherein, the front end buffering area 1 includes front end bottom surface 11,
The rear end buffering area 3 includes rear end bottom surface 31, wherein,
The the ratio between longitudinally wide of the longitudinally wide and rear end bottom surface 31 of the front end bottom surface 11 is (1.1~1.5)：1, preferably
For (1.2~1.4)：1, more preferably 1.3：1；And/or
The width of the front end bottom surface 11 is 1~3m, preferably 1.5~2.5m, more preferably 2m；
(4) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (3), wherein,
The grill body 2 is cuboid structure, and its horizontal and vertical section is rectangular；And/or
The grill body 2 by the ground in depth under, a portion positioned on the ground, another part it is located underground；
(5) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (4), wherein,
The ratio between the height of the aerial part of grill body 2 and the depth of under ground portion of grill body 2 are (1~2)：1, it is excellent
Elect as (1.2~1.8)：1, more preferably 1.5:1；And/or
The depth of the under ground portion of grill body 2 is 0.5~1.5m, preferably 0.8~1.2m, more preferably 1m；
(6) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (5), wherein, the grill body 2 is from front to back successively
Including front end fixed area 21, water treatment zone 22 and rear end fixed area 23, wherein,
Front end fixed area 21 forms dam forward part with front end buffering area 1；
Rear end fixed area 23 and part behind the composition of rear end buffering area 3 dam；
The water treatment zone 22 is part in dam；
(7) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (6), wherein,
The left and right sides of the reaction grid is fixed for concrete；And/or
The front end buffering area 1 and the rear end buffering area 3 are piled up by stone and formed, the stone a diameter of 3~
20cm, preferably 5~15cm, more preferably 10cm；And/or
Be filled with stone in the front end fixed area 21 and rear end fixed area 23, the particle diameter of the stone is 0.5~
3cm, preferably 0.5~2.5cm, more preferably 1~2cm；And/or
The grill body 2 is bound using concrete；
(8) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (7), wherein, it is filled with water in the water treatment zone 22
Inorganic agent, wherein, the water treatment agent includes zeolite, surfactant and water；Preferably：
The particle diameter of the zeolite is 0.5~1.5mm, preferably 1~1.5mm；And/or
The surfactant includes quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent and ionic liquid surfactant, it is preferable that described
Quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent is hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and the ionic liquid surfactant is cetyl front three
Base imidazolium chloride；
(9) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (8), wherein,
Based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of surfactant is 2~5 parts by weight, preferably 3~4 parts by weight, more
Preferably 3.5 parts by weight；And/or
Surfactant based on 100wt%, the dosage of ionic liquid surfactant are 2~20wt%, preferably 5~
15wt%, more preferably 10wt%；And/or
Based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is 0.03~0.08 parts by weight, preferably 0.05~0.07 weight
Part, more preferably 0.06 parts by weight；
(10) the reaction grid according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (9), wherein,
The bottom of the grill body 2 is provided with waterproof layer, for preventing from oozing loss not under the current by reaction grid
Can be collected；And/or
Sampled well is provided with grill body 2, for extracting water sample 24；Preferably, on each sampled well 24 under
Multiple dry points are disposed with upwards, are preferably provided with 2~5, more preferably set 3~4.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows permeable reactive barrier of the present invention radially (water (flow) direction) sectional view；
Fig. 2 shows the top view of permeable reactive barrier of the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows to do Experimental equipment used in Dynamic Adsorption in experimental example 1；
Fig. 4 shows the Dynamic Adsorption result measured using water treatment agent made from embodiment 5 as adsorbing medium.
Reference
1- front ends buffering area
11- front ends bottom surface
2- grill bodies
21- front ends fixed area
22- water treatment zones
23- rear ends fixed area
24- sampled wells
3- rear ends buffering area
31- rear ends bottom surface
4- heavy metal baths
5- peristaltic pumps
6- conduits
7- glass columns
Embodiment
Below by the present invention is described in detail, the features and advantages of the invention will become more with these explanations
To be clear, clear and definite.
The invention provides a kind of new permeable reactive barrier, and by water (flow) direction, the grid wraps successively from front to back
Front end buffering area 1, grill body 2 and rear end buffering area 3 are included, wherein, the front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 are set respectively
Put in the front and rear sides of grill body 2, and the front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 are piled up by stone and formed, it is acted on
Have three：One is fixed grill body 2 between the two；The second is buffering current, prevent the excessive grill body 2 washed away of current
Structure；The third is filtering silt particle, prevents it from entering grill body 2 with current and blocking grill body, so as to influence grill body
Water treatmenting performance, such as reduce water treatment efficiency and service life.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front end buffering area 1 and the rear end buffering area 3 are by diameter
Pile up and form for 3~20cm stone.
In further preferred embodiment, the front end buffering area 1 and the rear end buffering area 3 are by a diameter of 5
~15cm stone, which is piled up, to be formed.
In embodiment still more preferably, the front end buffering area 1 and the rear end buffering area 3 are by a diameter of
10cm stone, which is piled up, to be formed.
Wherein, the particle diameter of the stone for piling up front end buffering area 1 and the rear end buffering area 3 can not be too big, too big
It is larger to talk about stone spacing, it is impossible to play a part of filtering silt particle, meanwhile, its particle diameter can not be too small, can not be played if too small
The effect of appropriate buffering current, if because particle diameter is too small, it has not been cushioning effect to current but has played inhibition, seriously
The flow velocity of water is influenceed, it is not smooth to be likely to result in current.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 are respectively positioned on the ground.
In further preferred embodiment, the front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 are triangle cylindricality knot
Structure, its longitudinal cross-section is triangular in shape, wherein, neighbouring grill body side forms a right-angle surface of triangle column construction, ground
Face forms another right-angle surface of triangle column construction, and stone falls form the inclined-plane of triangle column construction from top to bottom naturally.
Wherein, the stone for piling up front end buffering area 1 and rear end buffering area 3 contacts along ground and grill body
Face is piled up, and forms natural triangle column construction.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front end buffering area 1 includes front end bottom surface 11, and the rear end is delayed
Rushing area 3 includes rear end bottom surface 31.
Wherein, the front end bottom surface 11 refers to the one side that front end buffering area 1 contacts with ground, and rear end bottom surface 31 refers to
The one side that rear end buffering area 3 contacts with ground.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinally wide and rear end bottom surface 31 of the front end bottom surface 11 is indulged
It is (1.1~1.5) to the ratio between width：1.
In further preferred embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the longitudinally wide and rear end bottom surface 31 of the front end bottom surface 11 is wide
The ratio between degree is (1.2~1.4)：1.
In embodiment still more preferably, the longitudinally wide and longitudinal direction of rear end bottom surface 31 of the front end bottom surface 11
The ratio between width is 1.3：1.
Wherein, the longitudinally wide longitudinally wide more than rear end bottom surface 31 of front end bottom surface 11, so, front end buffering area are designed
Volume be more than the volume of rear end buffering area, i.e. the stone at flow inlet is more than the stone at the water export, because
Play a part of main buffering current for front end buffering area.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the width of the front end bottom surface 11 is 1~3m, preferably 1.5~
2.5m, more preferably 2m.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grill body 2 is cuboid structure, and its is horizontal and vertical
Section is rectangular.
In further preferred embodiment, the grill body 2 by the ground in depth under, a portion positioned at ground
Above, another part is located underground.
Wherein, in the present invention, water process mainly is carried out using grill body, by grill body by the ground in depth
Under, so, the processing of rainwash is realized in the part of ground, and the processing of phreatic water is realized in the part of underground.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, height and the underground of grill body 2 of the aerial part of grill body 2
The ratio between partial depth is (1~2)：1.
In further preferred embodiment, height and the under ground portion of grill body 2 of the aerial part of grill body 2
The ratio between depth be (1.2~1.8)：1.
In embodiment still more preferably, height and the underground part of grill body 2 of the aerial part of grill body 2
The ratio between depth divided is 1.5：1.
Wherein, the height for designing the part of grill body ground is slightly larger than the depth of under ground portion, is because working as precipitation
Hour, rainwash water level was relatively low, and when water is big, earth's surface water level can be slightly higher, and therefore, the height for designing aerial part is somewhat higher.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the under ground portion of grill body 2 is 0.5~1.5m, excellent
Elect 0.8~1.2m, more preferably 1m as.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, on the ground, the front end buffering area 1, grill body 2 and rear end are delayed
It is high together to rush area 3.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, along water (flow) direction, the grill body 2 includes successively from front to back
Front end fixed area 21, water treatment zone 22 and rear end fixed area 23.
Wherein, in the present invention, it is described to react structure of the grid similar to dam, wherein, front end fixed area 21 delays with front end
Rush area 1 and form dam forward part, rear end fixed area 23 and part behind the composition of rear end buffering area 3 dam, the water treatment zone 22 is in dam
Part.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, stone is filled with fixed area 21 and rear end fixed area 23 in front end
Son, such as centimetre stone.
In further preferred embodiment, the particle diameter of the stone is 0.5~3cm, preferably 0.5~2.5cm, more
Preferably 1~2cm.
Wherein, the purpose of filling stone is further buffering current in front end fixed area 21 and rear end fixed area 23, this
The particle diameter for the stone that place uses is less than the particle diameter of the stone of front end buffering area and rear end buffering area also for reaching this purpose,
Further buffer current and filtering silt.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinally wide of the front end fixed area 21 is equal to rear end fixed area
23 it is longitudinally wide.
Wherein, the water treatment zone that the front end fixed area 21 and the rear end fixed area 23 are used among fixed.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front end fixed area 21 or the rear end fixed area 23 and Shui Chu
It is 1 to manage the ratio between longitudinally wide of area 22：(1~10).
In further preferred embodiment, the front end fixed area 21 or the rear end fixed area 23 and water treatment zone
22 the ratio between longitudinally wide is 1：(2~8).
In embodiment still more preferably, the front end fixed area 21 or the rear end fixed area 23 and water process
The the ratio between longitudinally wide of area 22 is 1：4.
Therefore, the width of the front end fixed area 21 and the rear end fixed area 23 can not be too narrow, and too narrow fixed effect is poor,
Also should not be too wide, it is too wide to cause unnecessary waste, therefore, as long as its width can guarantee that the firm of water treatment zone.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinally wide of the water treatment zone 22 is 1.5~2.5m, preferably
For 1.8~2.2m, more preferably 2m.
Wherein, if water treatment zone is too wide, necessarily cause field conduct difficult, if too narrow, its water treatment efficiency is poor.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, water treatment agent is filled with the water treatment zone 22.
In further preferred embodiment, the water treatment agent includes zeolite, surfactant and water.
In embodiment still more preferably, first surfactant is mixed with water, it is water-soluble to obtain surfactant
Liquid, then mixed again with zeolite, obtain water treatment agent.
Wherein, because zeolite has ion-exchange performance, the cation end of surface modifier is adsorbed to zeolite surface.When
When surfactant concentration is less than critical micelle concentration (CMC), surfactant molecule forms monolayer in zeolite surface, hates
Water base group is adsorbed in zeolite surface, and hydrophilic radical is outwardly.Now zeolite does not possess the performance of absorption heavy metal ion.When surface is lived
Property agent concentration when being more than first CMC (CMC), surfactant molecule is aggregated in zeolite surface and forms bilayer,
Second layer surfactant molecule hydrophobic group is outwardly, there is provided the position of heavy metal ion electrostatic interaction load, is now modified
Zeolite possesses the ability of absorption heavy metal；But when continuing raising concentration, zeolite surface can not load more surface-actives
During agent molecule, unnecessary surfactant molecule self-polymerization forms hydrophilic radical inwardly, the micella of hydrophobic group outwardly.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main component of the zeolite is clinoptilolite.
In further preferred embodiment, the content of clinoptilolite is 60~70% in the zeolite.
In embodiment still more preferably, the content of clinoptilolite is 65% in the zeolite.
Wherein, the main component of zeolite is clinoptilolite, next to that foresite, followed by orthoclase and quartz.Also, tiltedly
Ptilolite is aqueous alkali metal aluminosilicate, and it can have the function of molecular sieve after being dehydrated, and clinoptilolite is alternatively arranged as ion
Exchanger, water treatment agent just is processed into using this property in the present invention, for removing the heavy metal in water removal.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle diameter of the zeolite is 0.5~1.5mm.
In further preferred embodiment, the particle diameter of the zeolite is 1~1.5mm.
Wherein, the heavy metal adsorption amount of the water treatment agent is relevant with the area of the bilayer structure on its surface.Zeolite
Particle diameter it is smaller, the surface area of zeolite is bigger, and the bilayer area of composition is bigger, can adsorb the amount of heavy metal ion also just
It is more.But particle diameter is too small to cause certain economic consumption, therefore, absorption property and economic benefit are considered, from grain
Footpath is 0.5~1.5mm, especially 1~1.5mm zeolite.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant include quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent and from
Sub- liquid surfactant.
In further preferred embodiment, the quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent is cetyl trimethyl chlorination
Ammonium.
In embodiment still more preferably, the ionic liquid surfactant is cetyl trimethyl imidazoles
Chloride.
Wherein, traditional quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent is conventional water treatment agent modifying agent, and its cheap application is wide
It is general, but its surface saturated vapour pressure is higher, and environment can be polluted.Ionic liquid class surfactant is green modifying agent,
Its surface saturated vapour pressure is relatively low, but its cost is of a relatively high.Therefore, in the present invention, above two surfactant is total to
Together, the heavy metal adsorption amount of the water treatment agent obtained after it is modified to zeolite is all higher than single cetyl trimethyl chlorine
The contrast water process that change ammonium or cetyl trimethyl imidazolium chloride obtain after being modified as surfactant to zeolite
Agent, and cost is relatively low, environmentally friendly.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of surfactant is 2
~5 parts by weight.
In further preferred embodiment, based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of surfactant is 3~4 weights
Measure part.
In further preferred embodiment, based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of surfactant is 3.5 weights
Measure part.
Wherein, when the dosage of surfactant is less than 2 parts by weight, it does not form bilayer structure in zeolite surface,
Surfactant load quantity is few, causes adsorbance low；When dosage of surfactant is 2~5 parts by weight especially 3.5 weight
During part, dosage of surfactant can form bilayer structure, and enough adsorption sites are provided for heavy metal；But work as and use
When amount is more than 5 parts by weight, unnecessary surfactant molecule may be wrapped in bilayer body structure surface, influence bilayer
The absorption property of structure, is gradually reduced adsorbance.Wherein, the dosage of surfactant described herein is cetyl trimethyl
Total dosage of ammonium chloride and cetyl trimethyl imidazolium chloride.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant based on 100wt%, ionic liquid surface-active
The dosage of agent is 2~20wt%.
In further preferred embodiment, the surfactant based on 100wt%, ionic liquid surfactant
Dosage is 5~15wt%.
In embodiment still more preferably, the surfactant based on 100wt%, ionic liquid surfactant
Dosage be 10wt%.
Wherein, found by many experiments, in surfactant, when ionic liquid surfactant dosage for 2~
During 20wt% or 80~98%, the removal efficiency of the water treatment agent heavy metal is best.But because ionic liquid surface is lived
Property agent it is expensive, therefore select its dosage as 2~20wt%, preferably 5~15wt%, when especially 10%, reach a huge sum of money
Belong to the peak of removal amount.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is 0.03~0.08
Part.
In further preferred embodiment, based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is 0.05~0.07 part.
In further preferred embodiment, based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is 0.06 part.
Wherein, the dosage of liquid is critically important, and when liquid is very few, Surfactant can not uniformly be adhered to zeolite surface,
So as to have impact on adsorption effect；And liquid it is excessive when, aqueous surfactant solution is diluter, zeolite granular can not fully with surface
Active agent molecule contacts, and surfactant molecule can not all be attached to zeolite surface, but remain in a liquid, and zeolite can not
Big quantity of fluid is carried, so that surfactant causes to waste and modified effect is severely impacted with remaining fluid loss.
Therefore it is 0.03~0.08 part to control water consumption, wherein, based on the zeolite quantity of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is less herein
Another reason is the liquid that this province of surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride preferably used is just 50% for concentration,
Therefore, it is not easy to add substantial amounts of water again.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the grill body 2 is provided with waterproof layer.
In further preferred embodiment, the water barrier is water proof cloth.
Wherein, the waterproof layer is used to prevent from oozing under the current by reaction grid to lose and can not be collected.Because
In actual use, it is necessary to which periodically the water in grid is sampled and detected, to determine treatment effect.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, sampled well is provided with grill body 2, for extracting grid master
Internal water sample, to carry out the content of beary metal in detection water.
In further preferred embodiment, 10~40 sampled wells are provided with grill body 2, wherein, preceding
End fixed area 21 and rear end fixed area 23 set 2~10 respectively, and 4~20 are set in water treatment zone.
In embodiment still more preferably, 20 sampled wells are provided with grill body 2, wherein, in front end
Fixed area 21 and rear end fixed area 23 set 5 respectively, and 10 are set in water treatment zone 22.
Wherein, the water that the sampled well is used in abstraction reaction grid, late detection is carried out.Specifically, it is arranged at front end
For extracting, (heavy metal i.e. in raw water contains content of beary metal sampled well in fixed area in the water also without water treatment zone processing
Amount), be arranged at the sampled well in the fixed area of rear end be used for extract water after water treatment zone treats in content of beary metal, then enter
Row compares, you can obtains reacting the water treatment efficiency of grid.Meanwhile the sampled well for being arranged at water treatment zone is used for water-treated
Cheng Jinhang is monitored in real time.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water intake well includes display pipe and internal a plurality of water-supply-pipe.
Wherein, the water-supply-pipe is used for water delivery, enters the transmission of water-filling, and the display pipe is used for protection inner tube.
In embodiment still more preferably, the display pipe is hard tube, such as pvc pipe, the water-supply-pipe are soft
Pipe.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, multiple holes are offered on the display pipe of each sampled well, i.e.,
For intake, i.e., multiple dry points are disposed with from bottom to top.
Wherein, the corresponding water-supply-pipe of an intake.
In further preferred embodiment, 2~5 water intakings are disposed with from bottom to top on each sampled well
Point.
In embodiment still more preferably, 3~4 water intakings are disposed with from bottom to top on each sampled well
Point.
Wherein, on the one hand：The setting of dry point is to further test the treatment effect of different depth and position；
On the other hand：When precipitation is smaller, runoff water level is relatively low, and the dry point of top can not put aside water sample, and when precipitation is larger
When, rainwash may be put aside before dam, and now upstream water level can rise so as to be collected into water sample in higher position, because
This water for combining the dry point acquirement of diverse location and height can determine whether the treatability of permeable reactive barrier under different flow
Energy.
Wherein, dry point is evenly distributed on each sampled well, meanwhile, in theory, set on each sampled well
Dry point is more, and its later stage analyze data is more perfect, and conclusion is also more reliable, still, based on cost and field conduct in terms of examine
Consider, be limited to 2~5 dry points of setting on each sampled well.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, on each sampled well in front end fixed area and rear end fixed area
3 dry points are set, 4 dry points are set on each sampled well in water treatment zone.
According in a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, carried out in water sampling using peristaltic pump.
In further preferred embodiment, during water sampling, peristaltic pump, the wriggling are provided with the upper end of sampled well
Pump is connected with the water-supply-pipe in sampled well, is fetched water for water to be drained into water intake well upper end.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, water-supply-pipe is connected after intake stretches out display pipe with device for fetching water.
In further preferred embodiment, the device for fetching water is the funnel of a sealing, is filled among funnel with stone,
And the water-supply-pipe stretched is buried and filled between the stone of funnel.
In embodiment still more preferably, the funnel is plastic material.
Wherein, device for fetching water plays the purpose catchmented.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grill body is bound using concrete：On the one hand,
The loose filled media (stone and water treatment agent) in top can be fixed, prevent filled media with the wind with current and produce loss；
On the other hand, top can be hardened, facilitates staff to take water sample up.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reaction grid is mixed along the use of the left and right sides of water (flow) direction
Solidifying soil is fixed.
The concrete structure design of the reaction grid needs to combine practical service environment progress.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the reaction grid is applied in mountain valley, especially V-type mountain
Gu Shi, generally, rainwash are carried out along mountain valley direction, therefore directly reaction grid can be arranged in mountain valley,
Make the massif in mountain valley or so directly as the left and right ends of reaction grid.
In further preferred embodiment, in left and right ends, placing concrete is further fixed.So, react
The left and right ends of grid are in ramped shaped.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the reaction grid is applied to Plain, grid is reacted
The left and right sides can be provided directly as vertical, directly be fixed with concrete.
Therefore, the structure of reaction grid of the present invention may accordingly be changed according to actual use landform, but
It is that its Integral Thought is in scheme of the present invention, therefore, also within protection scope of the present invention.
The invention also discloses a kind of method for preparing above-mentioned reaction grid, the described method comprises the following steps：
Step 1, excavate filling hole.
Wherein, the filling hole is used to place grill body 2, and the depth in the filling hole is the depth of grill body 2.
Step 2, the left and right sides casting concrete in filling hole.
Wherein, for the left and right is relatively local water (flow) direction.Also, the effect of the concrete is fixed reaction lattice
The left and right ends of grid.
Step 3, filling hole bottom laying waterproof layer, and filling cheat in set up sampled well.
Wherein, each sampled well is provided with several sample taps.
Step 4, in dam forward part, dam part and dam after partly carry out fill simultaneously.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dam forward part includes front end buffering area 1 and front end fixed area
21, the dam middle part is divided into water treatment zone 22, and the dam rear portion point includes rear end fixed area rear end buffering area 3 and rear end fixed area
23。
Wherein, respectively to partly carrying out the filling of corresponding filler behind part in dam forward part, dam and dam, and to three parts
Filling carry out simultaneously, to ensure Stability Analysis of Structures.Wherein, front end buffering area and rear end buffering area, which play, fixes before and after reaction grid
The effect at end.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, after certain altitude is filled into, sampler is filled in sample tap.
Step 5, grill body 2 is bound.
It is described to bind using concreting according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the test of well is sampled before binding, to ensure each take
Sample well can successfully be drawn into water sample.
In further preferred embodiment, before testing, on dam, forward part pours a certain amount of water, then treats Ba Qianshui
Stream is by reacting grill body and through being tested again behind part behind dam, ensureing that there is water each part.
In the present invention, the transverse direction refers to the direction vertical with water (flow) direction, and the longitudinal direction refers to same with water (flow) direction
To direction, i.e. water (flow) direction；Refer to the "front", "rear" in direction, " left side " and " right side " to define by water (flow) direction, for this Shen
Please the reaction grid, it be " preceding " to define flow inlet, and definition water export is " rear ", then the correspondingly left side of water (flow) direction
For " left side ", the right of water (flow) direction is " right side "；In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of Figure of description, arrow represents water (flow) direction.
Beneficial effect possessed by the present invention：
(1) permeable reactive barrier of the present invention includes aerial part and under ground portion, it is possible to achieve rainwash
With the processing of phreatic water；
(2) reaction cell structure of the present invention is provided with sampled well, can realize the monitoring of water treatment procedure；
(3) the bright reaction grid likeness in form dam of we, its dam forward part and dam rear portion point ensure that grid obtains fastness,
It will not also be destroyed easily when current are larger；
(4) reaction cell structure of the present invention is simple, is easy to execute-in-place construction；
(5) reaction grid of the present invention is filled using special water treatment agent, assigns grid excellent water process
Performance, the heavy metal in water can be adsorbed, realize effective removing of heavy metal in water；
(6) water treatment agent raw material is simple used by, cost is low.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiment.But these embodiments are only exemplary, not
Any restrictions are formed to protection scope of the present invention.
Raw materials used and its source is as follows in embodiment：
Natural zeolite used is selected from Chengde Weichang；
The hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is purchased from Tianjin starlight auxiliary reagent factory, is the liquid that purity is 50%；
The cetyl trimethyl imidazolium chloride is purchased from marine origin victory Chemical Company, is white powder.
The preparation of the water treatment agent of embodiment 1
Natural zeolite is crushed, sieved, the zeolite is obtained, takes 10g；
0.004g cetyl trimethyls imidazolium chloride is taken to be mixed with 0.196g hexadecyltrimethylammonium chlorides, then
0.003mL water is added, is uniformly mixing to obtain aqueous surfactant solution；
Gained aqueous surfactant solution is mixed with the 10g zeolites taken, 2h is stirred, obtains environmentally friendly water treatment agent.
The preparation of the water treatment agent of embodiment 2
Natural zeolite is crushed, sieved, the zeolite is obtained, takes 10g；
0.015g cetyl trimethyls imidazolium chloride is taken to be mixed with 0.285g hexadecyltrimethylammonium chlorides, then
0.005mL water is added, is uniformly mixing to obtain aqueous surfactant solution；
Gained aqueous surfactant solution is mixed with the 10g zeolites taken, 2.5h is stirred, obtains environmentally friendly water treatment agent.
The preparation of the water treatment agent of embodiment 3
Natural zeolite is crushed, sieved, the zeolite is obtained, takes 10g；
0.035g cetyl trimethyls imidazolium chloride is taken to be mixed with 0.315g hexadecyltrimethylammonium chlorides, then
0.006mL water is added, is uniformly mixing to obtain aqueous surfactant solution；
Gained aqueous surfactant solution is mixed with the 10g zeolites taken, 3h is stirred, obtains environmentally friendly water treatment agent.
The preparation of the water treatment agent of embodiment 4
Natural zeolite is crushed, sieved, the zeolite is obtained, takes 10g；
0.06g cetyl trimethyls imidazolium chloride is taken to be mixed with 0.34g hexadecyltrimethylammonium chlorides, Ran Houjia
Enter 0.007mL water, be uniformly mixing to obtain aqueous surfactant solution；
Gained aqueous surfactant solution is mixed with the 10g zeolites taken, 3.5h is stirred, obtains environmentally friendly water treatment agent.
The preparation of the water treatment agent of embodiment 5
Natural zeolite is crushed, sieved, the zeolite is obtained, takes 10g；
Take 0.1g cetyl trimethyls imidazolium chloride to be mixed with 0.4g hexadecyltrimethylammonium chlorides, then add
0.008mL water, is uniformly mixing to obtain aqueous surfactant solution；
Gained aqueous surfactant solution is mixed with the 10g zeolites taken, 4h is stirred, obtains environmentally friendly water treatment agent.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The preparation process of the sewerage disposing agent of embodiment 5 is repeated, wherein, any surfactant (cetyl three is not added
Methylimidazolium chloride and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride).
Comparative example 2
The preparation process of the sewerage disposing agent of embodiment 3 is repeated, wherein, the dosage of cetyl trimethyl imidazolium chloride is
0.2g, the dosage of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride is 0.3g.
Experimental example
Experimental example 1Simulation Dynamic Adsorption of the water treatment agent used to chromium ion
In this experimental example, Dynamic Adsorption experiment is using experimental provision as shown in Figure 3 (arrow expression water (flow) direction), a huge sum of money
Heavy metal solution to be adsorbed (original concentration is 1mol/L simulating pollution liquid) is placed with category bath 4, heavy metal to be adsorbed is molten
Liquid with peristaltic pump 5 through conduit 6 from the bottom to top through the glass column 7 for loading adsorbing medium, sewage is from adsorbing medium in glass column 7
During being flowed in particle gap, reacted with the surfactant of particle surface so as to be fixed, play adsorption cleaning
The effect at water source.The liquid flowed out above glass column 7, which is collected, carries out pollutant concentration test, so as to which this is calculated
The disposal ability of the absorption property of adsorbent and the device to sewage.Wherein, in this experimental provision, glass column 7 it is a diameter of
5cm, a height of 15cm；Conduit be internal diameter be 2mm, external diameter 4mm, long 60cm wriggling pump hose.
The solution flowed out above glass column exports through conduit, and conduit is connected on the robotic arm for finish sample program and carried out certainly
Dynamic sampling, every sampling in 20 minutes once, primary sample is carried out 10 minutes, the lower sample that can take 5~15mL or so different in flow rate
Product, spectrophotometric to be measured is filtered, and calculate concentration and adsorbance, draw adsorption curve figure.It is molten when what is flowed out above glass column
When chromium ion concentration is close to original liquid concentration and stable concentration in liquid, adsorption process is close to saturation, after adsorption process terminates, by conduit
Moved to from stoste and detachment assays, the same adsorption process of desorption process experimental method are directly carried out in distilled water.
Life-span is that unit is weighed with pore volume (PV), and it represents the intergranular pore-body of filled media in glass column
Product, trickle and PV ratio can represent to flow through the multiple of glass column mesopore volume, i.e., the water body handled by glass column
Accumulated amount, it is the major criterion for weighing glass column life.
As concentration ratio (Ct/C0) if corresponding PV values are more than 20 when being 0.5, as function admirable, wherein, C0Represent a huge sum of money
Belong to the original concentration of chromium in solution, CtRepresent the concentration of chromium in the solution that (device end as shown in Figure 4) flows out after processing.
Wherein, the pore volume (PV) of glass column can be calculated by following formula (1)：
In formula (1), m1Represent the weight of glass column, m2Represent glass column be filled up completely with by deionized water after weight, ρ
To be adsorbed the concentration of liquid.
Experimental example 1-1Influence of the addition of surfactant to absorption property
In the experimental example, adsorbing medium is respectively water process prepared by embodiment 5 and comparative example 1 used by glass column
Agent.Wherein, embodiment 5 is using quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent and ionic liquid surfactant as cosurfactant, as a result such as
Shown in Fig. 4；Comparative example 1 does not add surfactant.
Wherein, pure zeolite has certain absorption property, but adsorption capacity is very small, 4 hours or so rear glass columns
Absorption reaches saturation quickly, and the life-span also only has 1.2 PV.
In Fig. 4, the life-span is 53 PV or so, is far longer than 20 PV, illustrates that its performance reaches excellent.
Therefore, illustrate that the addition of surfactant significantly improves the absorption property of zeolite, while illustrate that the present invention is carried
The water treatment agent (filled media of water treatment zone) of confession has very strong heavy metal adsorption performance.
Experimental example 1-2Influence of the addition of ionic liquid surfactant to absorption property
In the experimental example, adsorbing medium is respectively water process prepared by embodiment 5 and comparative example 2 used by glass column
Agent.Wherein, in embodiment 5, ionic liquid surfactant dosage is 20% (accounting for total surfactant dosage), in comparative example
In 2, ionic liquid surfactant dosage is 40% (accounting for total surfactant dosage).
Wherein, it has been described in detail using the treatment effect of the water treatment agent described in embodiment 5 in experimental example 1-1, with
Embodiment 5 is compared, and the processing time and life-span of the water treatment agent described in comparative example 2 are weaker than the water process obtained by embodiment 5
Agent.
Therefore, illustrate that the dosage of ionic liquid surfactant (cetyl trimethyl imidazolium chloride) can not be too many,
Absorption property and the absorption life-span of water treatment agent can be influenceed too much.
, wherein it is desired to illustrate, the test example is only to employ 100g water treatment agent, and, it is necessary to past when actually using
The water treatment agent of addition 30t or so in grid is reacted, therefore, its water treatment efficiency can be more preferably.
Experimental example 2The actual water process situation of permeable reactive barrier
Water treatment agent obtained by embodiment 5 is filled in the water treatment zone of grid, formed of the present invention permeable anti-
Grid is answered, and the reaction grid is arranged to the pit upstream of one, the Yang Zong towns in positive ancestor sea west side ardealite processing factory, and often
By sampled well water sampling and detected, wherein, the Subsampling after dam forward part and dam respectively, wherein, dam forward part
Water quality is 300ug/L in water sample, and water quality is 50ug/L in the water sample of part behind dam, has reached national two class water standards.Wherein,
Water quality represents the content of heavy metal element in water.Show, content of beary metal substantially reduces in the water by reacting grid, reduces
More than 80%.
The present invention is described in detail above in association with embodiment and exemplary example, but these explanations are simultaneously
It is not considered as limiting the invention.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,
A variety of equivalencing, modification or improvement can be carried out to technical solution of the present invention and embodiments thereof, these each fall within the present invention
In the range of.Protection scope of the present invention is determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of permeable reactive barrier, it is characterised in that before the reaction grid is included successively from front to back by water (flow) direction
Hold buffering area (1), grill body (2) and rear end buffering area (3).
2. reaction grid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3) are triangle column construction, and its longitudinal cross-section is triangular in shape；With/
Or
The front end buffering area (1) and rear end buffering area (3) are respectively positioned on the ground.
3. reaction grid according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the front end buffering area (1) includes front end bottom surface
(11), the rear end buffering area (3) includes rear end bottom surface (31), wherein,
The the ratio between longitudinally wide of the longitudinally wide and rear end bottom surface (31) of the front end bottom surface (11) is (1.1~1.5)：1, preferably
For (1.2~1.4)：1, more preferably 1.3：1；And/or
The width of the front end bottom surface (11) is 1~3m, preferably 1.5~2.5m, more preferably 2m.
4. the reaction grid according to one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that
The grill body (2) is cuboid structure, and its horizontal and vertical section is rectangular；And/or
The grill body (2) by the ground in depth under, a portion positioned on the ground, another part it is located underground.
5. the reaction grid according to one of Claims 1-4, it is characterised in that the height of the aerial part of grill body (2)
The ratio between depth of under ground portion of degree and grill body (2) is (1~2)：1, be preferably (1.2~1.8)：1, more preferably 1.5:
1；And/or
The depth of the under ground portion of grill body (2) is 0.5~1.5m, preferably 0.8~1.2m, more preferably 1m.
6. the reaction grid according to one of claim 1 to 5, it is characterised in that the grill body (2) from front to back according to
It is secondary including front end fixed area (21), water treatment zone (22) and rear end fixed area (23), wherein,
Front end fixed area (21) and front end buffering area (1) composition dam forward part；
Rear end fixed area (23) and part behind rear end buffering area (3) composition dam；
The water treatment zone (22) is part in dam.
7. the reaction grid according to one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that
The left and right sides of the reaction grid is fixed for concrete；And/or
The front end buffering area (1) and the rear end buffering area (3) are piled up by stone and formed, the stone a diameter of 3~
20cm, preferably 5~15cm, more preferably 10cm；And/or
Be filled with stone in the front end fixed area (21) and rear end fixed area (23), the particle diameter of the stone is 0.5~
3cm, preferably 0.5~2.5cm, more preferably 1~2cm；And/or
The grill body (2) is bound using concrete.
8. the reaction grid according to one of claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that filled in the water treatment zone (22)
Water position manages agent, wherein, the water treatment agent includes zeolite, surfactant and water；Preferably：
The particle diameter of the zeolite is 0.5~1.5mm, preferably 1~1.5mm；And/or
The surfactant includes quaternary ammonium salt surface active agent and ionic liquid surfactant, it is preferable that the quaternary ammonium
Type surfactant is hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, and the ionic liquid surfactant is cetyl trimethyl miaow
Azoles chloride.
9. the reaction grid according to one of claim 1 to 8, it is characterised in that
Based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of surfactant is 2~5 parts by weight, preferably 3~4 parts by weight, more preferably
For 3.5 parts by weight；And/or
Surfactant based on 100wt%, the dosage of ionic liquid surfactant are 2~20wt%, preferably 5~
15wt%, more preferably 10wt%；And/or
Based on the zeolite of 100 parts by weight, the dosage of water is 0.03~0.08 parts by weight, preferably 0.05~0.07 parts by weight, more
Preferably 0.06 parts by weight.
10. the reaction grid according to one of claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that
The bottom of the grill body (2) is provided with waterproof layer, for prevent through reaction grid current under ooze loss can not
It is collected；And/or
Sampled well is provided with grill body (2), for extracting water sample (24)；Preferably, on each sampled well (24) by
It is disposed with multiple dry points upwards down, is preferably provided with 2~5, more preferably sets 3~4.
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| CN110306639A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-10-08 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of Tailings Dam heavy metal pollution and hazards control system |
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