CN107755490A - A kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method - Google Patents
A kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107755490A CN107755490A CN201710940164.6A CN201710940164A CN107755490A CN 107755490 A CN107755490 A CN 107755490A CN 201710940164 A CN201710940164 A CN 201710940164A CN 107755490 A CN107755490 A CN 107755490A
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- tubing
- section
- bending
- martensite steel
- free bend
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/08—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes by passing between rollers or through a curved die
- B21D7/085—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes by passing between rollers or through a curved die by passing through a curved die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D43/00—Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profiles; Associations therewith of cutting devices
- B21D43/02—Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool
- B21D43/027—Combined feeding and ejecting devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/12—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes with programme control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
- B21D7/162—Heating equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
- B21D7/16—Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends
- B21D7/167—Greasing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/08—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives
- B24C1/086—Descaling; Removing coating films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method, belongs to advanced manufacture and plastic forming technology field.First, the processability relevant parameter based on tubing, the calculating that iterates obtain material and correspond to correction factor, initial model is modified；After each part service condition is calibrated in experiment, by three-stage induction heating apparatus, each sensor is coordinated to realize accurate temperature control heating；It is set to produce the curved shape of spatial complex to tubing forward ends thereof by the three-dimensional rotations of bending die；Quenching process then by with ring-type water cooling shower nozzle, make quenching process quick, uniformly.The present invention solves martensite steel 3D free bend forming technique problems, realize the high temperature free bend shaping under its three dimensions, and by rapid quenching system, more than 1400MPa intensity is obtained, the shape for realizing unimach 3D free bend components coordinates control, has important engineering application value in Aero-Space, track traffic, automobile and nuclear power field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal complex structural member advanced manufacturing technology field, the more particularly to 3D of martensite steel complex pipes
Free bend shapes.
Background technology
In space flight and aviation, track traffic, auto industry, due to the proposition that speed-raising requires, lightweighting materials are used for respectively
The manufacture of kind key position.Martensite steel possesses high tensile strength, the manufacture for Same Part, is ensureing corresponding tension
The use of lot of materials can be reduced while intensity；And, relative to carbon fiber, cost is more cheap, therefore extensively should for it
For in the key structure manufacture of the industry relevant device such as space flight and aviation, track traffic；The unimach production in existing stage
In technique, only drop stamping technique can fully achieve the quick Accurate Shaping of martensite steel, and it to sheet material by being heated to Austria
The process of Cooling Quenching obtains high strength martensitic tissue after family name's body, coordinates pressure maintaining period to realize that precisely shaping avoids its production
Raw spring-back effect.But this kind of technology is only applicable to the production of metal plate punching part at this stage；In addition, the molding mode of tubular member is general
To go for a stroll or hot bending, but the two can not realize bending of the pipe fitting in three dimensions.In prior art means, martensite
The tubular member shaping of steel does not have ripe solution.
The free pipe bending techniques of 3D that this patent proposes, three dimensions is carried out to bend pipe front end by spherical bearing and bending die
Free folding, coordinate propulsion system, any bending of the tubing in space can be realized.But it still has a disadvantage that at present：
(1) the free bend pipes of 3D are only capable of realizing cold forming process, not good for dimensional change differential caused by thermoforming process
Solution；(2) during the free bend pipes of 3D, pipe can produce violent friction when promoting with fixture, easily cause surface painting
The damage of coating is even peeled off；(3) the free pipe bending techniques of 3D are only capable of metal of the shaping without quenching cooling procedure at present.
In existing patent, only CN201410159236.X (a kind of superhigh intensity steel pipe and its continuous producing method),
CN201010263433.8 (a kind of processing method of high intensity and superhigh intensity steel pipe) is related on superhigh intensity steel tubing
Preparation method, but it stays in the preparation of straight pipe, is not related to the manufacture of dogleg section.Other CN201010263433.8
Without chucking device in the superhigh intensity steel tubing of middle processing, in the absence of straightening operation, also unprotect atmosphere, and unimach exists
Easily occur oxidation, metaboly in hardening step, its bending radius precision is relatively low after bending.In addition, for pipe bending technique,
Bend pipe mode generally pushes away o ing and rotary draw bending at this stage, can not realize the free bend under 3D.
The content of the invention：
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention proposes a kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method, adopts
Bending operation is carried out to tube extrusion end face with bending die and the motion of spherical bearing three-dimension curved surface, coordinates three-stage sensing heating dress
Put and improve its forming property, and set quenching cooling spray to carry out rapid quenching to ensure the higher intensity of finished parts in extruding zone
Grade, the shape for realizing martensite steel 3D free bend components coordinate control.
In order to realize the above object the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method, are comprised the steps of：
Technological parameter is drafted, writes procedure, correction factor k and the resilience amendment system of respective material are obtained with measurement
Number k '；
1) clamping：Tubing is inserted in propulsion plant, its X is determined to, Y-direction and the stability of Z-direction using clamping device,
Whether working properly carry out examination push operation checking guide wheel；Propulsive mechanism is opened, tubing is pushed into induction heating apparatus；
2) austenitizing：Martensite steel tubing is heated by induction heating mode, divides three sections and is heated to complete austenite
Change, wherein just section heating-up temperature is 320 DEG C~350 DEG C, Mid-section heating temperature is 620 DEG C~650 DEG C, and terminal section heating-up temperature is
920 DEG C~950 DEG C, sealed with the sealing ring with infrared measurement of temperature equipment between every section of firing equipment, infrared measurement of temperature equipment pair
The actual temp of every section of heating is detected in real time, and error is fed back into puopulsion equipment and makes amendment adjustment in real time.During heating,
Keep roller to be contacted with outer pipe wall well, and the anti-oxidation of protective atmosphere is passed through to tubing inside；
3) 3D free bends shape：Pass through the effect of guider and bending die so that tubing front section occurs three-dimensional
Bending；
4) Cooling Quenching：The part for having bent completion is quenched using ring-type water nozzle, makes the quenching cooling rate be
60 DEG C/s~100 DEG C/s；
5) bead：Bend pipe surface is impacted using pill, removes Surface stress layer, obtains finished parts.
Preferably, the way of contact of clamping device and tubing is linear contact lay in the step (1)；
Preferably, protective atmosphere is nitrogen in the step (2)；And bringing-up section wise temperature error should be not more than ± 10
DEG C, as error is more than the numerical value, then puopulsion equipment fltting speed is adjusted step by step, every grade of adjustment amount is the 1% of upper step velocity；
Preferably, lubricating oil is used during the step (3) as lubrication, and the temperature of lubricating oil heats with terminal
The temperature data for corresponding to infrared temperature measurement apparatus acquisition afterwards is equal；
Preferably, the ring-type water nozzle in affiliated step (4) rigidly fixes with bending die front end, and planar annular and bending
Mould top planes are parallel, can realize the angularly motion with bending die；Ring-type water nozzle front end carries infrared temperature measurement apparatus, energy
Enough and ring-type water nozzle realizes linkage feedback regulation, and ring-type water nozzle injection flow rate is 2000m3/ h~2500m3/h；Ring-type water nozzle also carries
3D scanners, it can identify that the ratio of resilience occurs for tubing, be fed back to after calculating and analyzing in bend procedure and be modified benefit
Foot；
Preferably, the pill in the step (5) is glass ball, pellet diameters are 0.5mm~20mm, and pill motion is fast
Spend for 45m/s~55m/s；
Preferably, for having coated martensite steel tubing, step (5) can need not be carried out after step (4)；
Pushed away preferably, promoting tubing equipment therefor to realize that constant force promotes in step (1)~(4) with constant speed
Enter both of which, constant force size is 1kN, and constant speed size is 10mm/s.
In addition, present invention is alternatively directed to the free bend pipes of unimach 3D to propose a kind of correction model, mainly include：
1) complicated bend pipe 3-D geometric model is segmented according to straight, curved line, inserts changeover portion and establish geometrical model；
2) using bending die central point and guiding mechanism front end distance A as variable, bending amendment system is introduced according to actual conditions
Number k and resilience correction factor k '；
3) setting coefficient value iteration is returned into original bend pipe machined parameters, carries out simulation comparison by finite element means, repeatedly
Coefficient is changed until error is less than 1%；
4) correction factor of completion is stored in database, so that next caliber during material all same with calling.
The specific formula of spherical bearing motion model is：
Assuming that First Transition section and the semi arch that bending section total distance is that radius is R, and the Z axis motion of equivalent tubing is even
Speed motion, it is First Transition section to introduce straight section to bending section transition curve, and introducing bending section to next straightway is the second transition
Section, then have：
In formula, L is straight section length；R is bending radius；θ is angle of bend；U is motion speed of the spherical bearing in X-Y plane
Degree projection；V is fltting speed of the tubing in Z axis；T is run duration；A is bending die center to guiding mechanism front end distance；
For correction model, the variable that corrected parameter is mainly corrected is A, i.e., in correction formula, for original motion model,
A is by equivalence replacementWherein k is material correction factor, k ' is resilience correction factor；
In addition, iteration is checked when examining, stopping criterion for iteration is：The first step establishes model and obtains Numerical-Mode with iterative algorithm
Type error is no more than 1%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. the free forming elbow of 3D proposed by the invention, realize and deform only for pipe fitting front end in forming process, become
Shape amount is small, and deformation accuracy is high；Gone for a stroll and hot bending mode compared to tradition, its process is simple, can realize once-forming；And
And this technology compensate for traditional the problem of being only capable of being molded the elbow member related with mould to hot bending of going for a stroll, and realize geneva
Free bend pipe of the body steel in space.In addition, the quenching shower nozzle that this technology is designed by pipe fitting front end synchronous integrated, can
Rapid uniform quenching is molded after realizing martensite steel forming process, tubing tissue is fully changed into the higher horse of strength grade
Family name's body tissue, solve the problems, such as that the shaping speed of conventional martensitic steel bend pipe part is slow, strength grade is low after shaping, can be very big
Raising pipe fitting production efficiency, increase economic benefit；
2. the present invention introduces guide wheel in heating gripping section, the use of fitted seal circle, it on the one hand can be approximately considered
Outer surface has completely cut off air in bringing-up section, and another aspect guide wheel reduces friction so that surface will not produce abrasion, surface corrosion-resistant
Corrosion can be higher.In addition, such as blank is coated martensite steel pipe, the use of guide wheel can reduce overlay coating abrasion
Rate, so as to improve anti-oxidant, the decay resistance of its final finished；
3. the thermal stress coupling of the invention based on martensite steel is corresponding, it is proposed that one kind is peculiar for superhigh intensity steel bend pipe
Amendment numerical model, caused size difference in forming process can be reduced, realize unimach under three dimensions
Accurate bend pipe moulding；In addition, section, bringing-up section, cooling section are transported in the present invention is provided with looped system, bend pipe can be realized
The on-line control of production, and further amendment is supplied to calculating the progress of gained corrected parameter before processing；In use, it is different
The different corrected parameters of tubing are stored by database, are easy to call, can be curved to the 3 D autos of different materials from now on
The production of pipe provides technical support.The high-end manufacturing industry such as Aero-Space, track traffic can be applied to, there is higher engineering to transport
It is obvious with value, economic benefit；
By shaping the austenitization of last stage, 4. the forming property of tubular member on the one hand, is greatly improved, gram
The problem of having taken the tear of cold forming stage tubing；On the other hand, being atomized cooling device by the supercooled liquid after extrusion makes its shaping
There is complete high intensity tissue afterwards, solve the problems, such as that warm working tubing bending place intensity is too low.In addition, the present invention is by excellent
Change algorithm, further increase the machining accuracy of superhigh intensity steel bend pipe, it is high-strength can preferably to adapt to oil gas transport etc.
The equipment of degree demand.
Brief description of the drawings：
The free swan neck system schematic diagrames of Fig. 1 unimach 3D；
Part index number schematic diagram in the free bend pipe correction models of Fig. 2 unimach 3D；
The free bent tube technique flow charts of Fig. 3 unimach 3D；
In Fig. 1,1- annular cooling nozzles；2- ball bearings；3- bending dies；4- guiders；5- fills with infrared measurement of temperature
The sealing ring put；6- induction heating apparatuses；7- transports guide wheel；8- clamping devices；9- propulsion plants；10- oil guide grooves；11- oilings
Hole；12- nitrogen gas conveying devices.
Embodiment：
In order that one of ordinary skill in the art is better understood from technical scheme, with reference to embodiment pair
Technical scheme is further described：
Embodiment 1
Referring to the drawings 1,2,3, a kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method comprise the steps of：
Parameter determines：From long 700mm, diameter 25mm, wall thickness 1.5mm 22MnB5 superhigh intensitys steel pipe carry out technique ginseng
Number sets optimization, and after the completion of being handled through finite element iterative, its error corresponds to k and k ' points of correction factor in the case of being not more than 1%
Wei 1.3 and 1.65；
The process for determining correction factor is specially：Before quenching, shape is first carried out to the bend pipe just curved with 3D scanners
Scanning, then turns on shower nozzle and carries out rapid quenching, and form scan is carried out again to the part that spring-back effect is produced after the completion of quenching,
Data are exported into analysis software, numerical model is established again and is compared, set material correction factor iterative initial value as 1,
Calculate corresponding resilience correction factor k '；Then Newton iterative methods are used to be changed using k ' as resilience correction factor iterative initial value
In generation, calculates, and finally solves k and k ' of the error in threshold range；
1) clamping：Tubing is inserted in propulsion plant 9, determines its X to, Y-direction and the stabilization of Z-direction using clamping device 8
Property, whether working properly carry out examination push operation checking guide wheel；Propulsive mechanism is opened, by tubing to fix thrust size 1kN side
In formula examination push-in induction heating apparatus 6, whether test transport guide wheel 7, which has, reduces tube wall frictional force effect, if the examination stage of pushing away pushes away
Enter speed and be reduced by about 5%, then judge that transport guide wheel does not work, the next step is carried out after transport guide wheel need to be changed；
2) austenitizing：Tubing is promoted using constant speed mode, fltting speed 10mm/s, sets three sections of heating-up temperatures
Respectively 340 DEG C, 630 DEG C, 950 DEG C；Actual heating-up temperature is respectively 344 DEG C, 632 DEG C, 944 DEG C, and error is less than 5% threshold value,
Adjusted without fltting speed；Being passed through nitrogen by nitrogen gas conveying device 12 in austenitization, in pipe prevents inwall
Oxidation；
Temperature adjustment feeds back specific implementation process：After the completion of every section of sensing heating, with the close of infrared temperature measurement apparatus
Seal ring 5 is detected and is directly fed back to data in propulsion plant 9 in real time.Data comparison system is built-in with propulsion plant,
It is ± 10 DEG C that setting speed, which reduces program triggering threshold values, such as actual temperature more than design temperature more than 10 DEG C, then reduces speed 1%
After continue to compare, until temperature is in setting error domain；Conversely, then improve fltting speed；
The present invention the advantages of using three-stage sensing heating is：Sensing heating speed is fast, and heating can be suddenly in the short time
Certain thermal stress is produced inside tubing, phenomena such as causing to be also easy to produce corrugation, drawing crack during its bending.Pass through three-stage sensing heating
Progressively heat up, on the one hand can mitigate the influence of thermal stress, material structure transformation on the other hand can be made more abundant, be advantageous to
Quenching strengthening process below；
3) bending forming：Continue to promote tubing, high temperature grease is added into oil guide groove 10 by oil filler point 11, by leading
Tubing is guided to bending die 3 to device 4；Using the parameter of default completion, driving bending die moves in ball bearing 2,
Make tubing that curvature of space occur；
4) Cooling Quenching：After tubing releases bending die, annular cooling nozzles 1 are opened, carrying out Quick uniform to tubing quenches
Fire.Actual cooling velocity is 68 DEG C/s, injection flow rate 2200m3/h；
5) bead：Coverage rate 100% is carried out to tube surfaces with 50m/s speed using the glass ball of 1mm sizes
Impact, remove the micro-oxidation layer that is likely to form in quenching process, and the compressive stress layer that size is 50MPa is formed on surface,
Improve its fatigue behaviour.
Embodiment 2
Referring to the drawings 1,2,3, a kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method comprise the steps of：
Parameter determines：From long 600mm, diameter 30mm, wall thickness 2mm 30MnB5 superhigh intensitys steel pipe carry out technological parameter
Optimization is set, and after the completion of being handled through finite element iterative, its error corresponds to correction factor k and k ' respectively in the case of being not more than 1%
For 1.2 and 1.98；
1) clamping：Tubing is inserted in propulsion plant 9, determines its X to, Y-direction and the stabilization of Z-direction using clamping device 8
Property, whether working properly carry out examination push operation checking guide wheel；Propulsive mechanism is opened, by tubing to fix thrust size 1kN side
In formula examination push-in induction heating apparatus 6, whether test transport guide wheel 7, which has, reduces tube wall frictional force effect, if the examination stage of pushing away pushes away
Enter speed and be reduced by about 5%, then judge that transport guide wheel does not work, the next step is carried out after transport guide wheel need to be changed；
2) austenitizing：Tubing is promoted using constant speed mode, fltting speed 10mm/s, sets three sections of heating-up temperatures
Respectively 330 DEG C, 640 DEG C, 940 DEG C；Actual heating-up temperature is respectively 334 DEG C, 638 DEG C, 939 DEG C, and error is less than 5% threshold value,
Adjusted without fltting speed；Being passed through nitrogen by nitrogen gas conveying device 12 in austenitization, in pipe prevents inwall
Oxidation；
3) bending forming：Continue to promote tubing, high temperature grease is added into oil guide groove 10 by oil filler point 11, by leading
Tubing is guided to bending die 3 to device 4；Using the parameter of default completion, driving bending die moves in ball bearing 2,
Make tubing that curvature of space occur；
4) Cooling Quenching：After tubing releases bending die, annular cooling nozzles 1 are opened, carrying out Quick uniform to tubing quenches
Fire.Actual cooling velocity is 81 DEG C/s, injection flow rate 2400m3/h；
5) bead：Coverage rate is carried out to tube surfaces with 55m/s speed using the glass ball of 0.5mm sizes
100% impact, the micro-oxidation layer being likely to form in quenching process is removed, and form the pressure that size is 50MPa on surface and answer
Power layer, improve its fatigue behaviour.
Embodiment 3
Referring to the drawings 1,2,3, a kind of martensite steel 3D free bends building mortion and method comprise the steps of：
Parameter determines：From long 650mm, diameter 20mm, wall thickness 1.3mm have the 30CrMnSiA superelevation of pure zinc coating strong
Spend steel pipe and carry out technological parameter setting optimization, after the completion of being handled through finite element iterative, its error is corresponding in the case of being not more than 1%
Correction factor k and k ' are respectively 1.16 and 1.34；
1) clamping：Tubing is inserted in propulsion plant 9, determines its X to, Y-direction and the stabilization of Z-direction using clamping device 8
Property, whether working properly carry out examination push operation checking guide wheel；Propulsive mechanism is opened, by tubing to fix thrust size 1kN side
In formula examination push-in induction heating apparatus 6, whether test transport guide wheel 7, which has, reduces tube wall frictional force effect, if the examination stage of pushing away pushes away
Enter speed and be reduced by about 5%, then judge that transport guide wheel does not work, the next step is carried out after transport guide wheel need to be changed；
2) austenitizing：Tubing is promoted using constant speed mode, fltting speed 10mm/s, sets three sections of heating-up temperatures
Respectively 350 DEG C, 630 DEG C, 930 DEG C；Actual heating-up temperature is respectively 337 DEG C, 632 DEG C, 933 DEG C, and error is less than 5% threshold value,
Adjusted without fltting speed；In austenitization, pipe in by but its conveying device 12 be passed through nitrogen and prevent inwall
Oxidation；
3) bending forming：Continue to promote tubing, high temperature grease is added into oil guide groove 10 by oil filler point 11, by leading
Tubing is guided to bending die 3 to device 4；Using the parameter of default completion, driving bending die moves in ball bearing 2,
Make tubing that curvature of space occur；
4) Cooling Quenching：After tubing releases bending die, annular cooling nozzles 1 are opened, carrying out Quick uniform to tubing quenches
Fire.Actual cooling velocity is 62 DEG C/s, injection flow rate 2200m3/h。
Claims (10)
1. a kind of martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
1) clamping：Tubing is inserted in propulsion plant, determines that its X to, Y-direction and the stability of Z-direction, is carried out using clamping device
Whether working properly try push operation checking guide wheel；Propulsive mechanism is opened, tubing is pushed into induction heating apparatus；
2) austenitizing：Martensite steel tubing is heated by induction heating mode, divides three sections and is heated to complete austenitizing, its
In just section heating-up temperature be 320 DEG C~350 DEG C, Mid-section heating temperature is 620 DEG C~650 DEG C, terminal section heating-up temperature is 920 DEG C~
950 DEG C, sealed with the sealing ring with infrared measurement of temperature equipment between every section of firing equipment, infrared measurement of temperature equipment heats to every section
Actual temp detect in real time, and by error feed back to puopulsion equipment make in real time amendment adjustment, during heating, keep roller
Contacted with outer pipe wall well, and the anti-oxidation of protective atmosphere is passed through to tubing inside；
3) 3D free bends shape：Pass through the effect of guider and bending die so that three-dimensional bending occurs for tubing front section；
4) Cooling Quenching：The part for having bent completion is quenched by ring-type water nozzle, make quenching cooling rate for 60 DEG C/
S~100 DEG C/s；
5) bead：Bend pipe surface is impacted using pill, removes Surface stress layer, obtains finished parts.
A kind of 2. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) way of contact of clamping device and tubing is linear contact lay in.
A kind of 3. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
(2) protective atmosphere is nitrogen in, and bringing-up section wise temperature error should be not more than ± 10 DEG C, as error is more than the numerical value, then by
Level adjustment puopulsion equipment fltting speed, every grade of adjustment amount are the 1% of upper step velocity.
A kind of 4. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
(3) lubricating oil is used to correspond to infrared temperature measurement apparatus acquisition after being heated as lubrication, and the temperature of lubricating oil with terminal during
Temperature data is equal.
A kind of 5. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Affiliated step
(4) the ring-type water nozzle in rigidly fixes with bending die front end, and planar annular is parallel with bending die top planes, can realize with
The angularly motion of bending die；Ring-type water nozzle front end carries infrared temperature measurement apparatus, can realize that linkage feedback is adjusted with ring-type water nozzle
Section, ring-type water nozzle injection flow rate is 2000m3/ h~2500m3/h；Ring-type water nozzle also carries 3D scanners, can identify tubing
The ratio of resilience, feed back to be modified in bend procedure after calculating and analyzing and supply.
A kind of 6. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
(5) pill in is glass ball, and pellet diameters are 0.5~20mm, and pill movement velocity is 45m/s~55m/s.
A kind of 7. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：For with plating
The martensite steel tubing of layer, step (5) can need not be carried out after step (4).
A kind of 8. martensite steel 3D free bend manufacturing process according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) promote tubing equipment therefor to realize that constant force promotes in~(4) and promote both of which with constant speed, constant force size is 1kN, permanent
Fast size is 10mm/s.
9. a kind of correction model of the free bend pipes of unimach 3D, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
1) complicated bend pipe 3-D geometric model is segmented according to straight, curved line, inserts changeover portion and establish geometrical model；
2) using bending die central point and guiding mechanism front end distance A as variable, according to actual conditions introduce bending correction factor k with
And resilience correction factor k '；
3) setting coefficient value iteration is returned into original bend pipe machined parameters, carries out simulation comparison by finite element means, change repeatedly
Coefficient is until error is less than 1%；
4) correction factor of completion is stored in database, so that next caliber during material all same with calling.
A kind of 10. correction model of free bend pipes of unimach 3D according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：Assuming that
First Transition section and the semi arch that bending section total distance is that radius is R, and the Z axis motion of equivalent tubing is uniform motion, is introduced
Straight section is First Transition section to bending section transition curve, and introducing bending section to next straightway is the second changeover portion, then spherical axis
Acknowledgement of consignment movable model formula be：
1) straight section：Without bending therefore bearing does not move, the time is
2) First Transition section：Movement velocity isRun duration is
3) bending section：Bending radius is unchanged therefore does not move, and the time is
4) the second changeover portion：Movement velocity isRun duration is
In formula, L is straight section length；R is bending radius；θ is angle of bend；U is that spherical bearing is thrown in the movement velocity of X-Y plane
Shadow；V is fltting speed of the tubing in Z axis；T is run duration；A is bending die center to guiding mechanism front end distance；Carry out
During amendment, model calculation is carried out using iterative algorithm, end condition obtains numerical model error to establish model with iterative algorithm
No more than 1%；In addition, it is A that corrected parameter, which mainly corrects variable, i.e., it is equivalent for original motion model, A in correction formula
Replace withWherein k is material correction factor, k ' is resilience correction factor.
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