CN107750679B - Vertical straw fine crusher - Google Patents
Vertical straw fine crusher Download PDFInfo
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- CN107750679B CN107750679B CN201711051649.6A CN201711051649A CN107750679B CN 107750679 B CN107750679 B CN 107750679B CN 201711051649 A CN201711051649 A CN 201711051649A CN 107750679 B CN107750679 B CN 107750679B
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- barrel
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/005—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like for disintegrating and cutting up bales of hay, straw or fodder
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F29/00—Cutting apparatus specially adapted for cutting hay, straw or the like
- A01F29/09—Details
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vertical straw fine crusher, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. This thin rubbing crusher of vertical straw includes the frame, fixes the vertical barrel in the frame and the crushing main shaft of vertical setting, and the upper and lower end of barrel seals respectively and is equipped with upper cover plate and lower sieve pore board, and the lateral wall of barrel is opened has a plurality of discharge openings that can be used to install the screen cloth, and the upper cover plate system has inside and outside feed inlet and a plurality of air supplementation hole of intercommunication barrel, and crushing main shaft locates in the barrel and the top stretches out the upper cover plate, and the upper portion of crushing main shaft is fixed with an axial fan, the lower part of crushing main shaft is fixed with the fan blade formula hammer carrier plate that a plurality of intervals set up, and the back of fan blade formula hammer carrier plate is fixed with along the radial fan blade that sets up of crushing main shaft, fixes the U-shaped stationary knife on the lateral wall of barrel. The vertical straw fine crusher can crush high-moisture wet short straws into straw fine materials with the particle size of less than 20mm so as to meet the requirements of a straw biogas fermentation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a straw fine crusher, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
Grain harvesting is carried out through a combine harvester, crop straws such as rice, wheat, corn and the like can be crushed into short straws of about 200mm by a crushing mechanism on the existing harvester and stacked in the field, the moisture of the straws reaches 30% -70%, and the moisture of the straws is higher under extreme meteorological conditions.
The wet short straws can be used as raw materials of various straw utilization methods after being picked, bundled and harvested, however, the additional value of straw utilization is low, the energy consumption of the subsequent processing of bundled straws is large, the cost is high, especially the drying cost, the micro-crushing cost and the curing molding cost, and some of the wet short straws also produce secondary pollution, such as: the straw gasification furnace has the advantages that dust is discharged out of order during crushing, ash is melted and slagged during high-temperature combustion, tar gas is discharged during pyrolysis gasification, and the like, so that the utilization of straw resources is greatly restricted.
The straws are not required to be dried and micro-crushed during the preparation of the biogas by straw fermentation, the obtained biogas can be used as energy, biogas slurry and biogas residues can be used as organic fertilizer, secondary pollution is basically avoided, and the processing cost is relatively low; however, the wet straw is finely crushed to about 20mm to meet the requirement of the fermentation process, otherwise, the gas production efficiency is reduced, and related equipment in the fermentation process flow is blocked.
According to the knowledge of the applicant, the traditional sieve-free grass cutting pulverizer can only pulverize the straws to about 100mm, the sieve-hammer sheet pulverizer for processing the feed has strict requirements on the moisture of raw materials (generally not more than 15%), and particularly, when the moisture of the pulverized raw materials is very high, the pulverized fine materials can be adhered to, detained and blocked on related parts such as a screen mesh of the pulverizer, so that the pulverizing operation is invalid, but the length distribution range of the straw fine materials cannot be narrowed effectively without adopting sieve pulverization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a vertical straw fine crusher for crushing high-moisture wet short straws into straw fine materials with the particle size of less than 20mm so as to meet the requirements of a straw biogas fermentation process aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme provided by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a thin rubbing crusher of vertical straw, includes the frame, fixes the vertical barrel in the frame and the crushing main shaft of vertical setting, the upper and lower end of barrel seals respectively and is equipped with upper cover plate and lower orifice plate, the lateral wall of barrel is opened has a plurality of discharge openings that can be used to install the screen cloth, the inside and outside feed inlet and a plurality of air supplementation hole of upper cover plate system intercommunication barrel, crushing main shaft locates in the barrel and the top stretches out the upper cover plate, the upper portion of crushing main shaft is fixed with an axial fan, the lower part of crushing main shaft is fixed with the fan blade formula hammer carrier plate that a plurality of intervals set up, the back of fan blade formula hammer carrier plate is fixed with along the radial fan blade that sets up of crushing main shaft, fixed U-shaped stationary knife on the lateral wall of barrel, the sword tooth of U-shaped stationary knife stretches into the barrel.
The working mechanism and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the vertical straw fine crusher disclosed by the invention are stated as follows.
When the vertical crusher crushes the high-moisture raw material, the fine material is adhered to and blocked on the screen, while the vertical crusher has the problem of up-and-down blockage, and the distribution range of the crushing fineness (length) must be controlled by the screen.
When the hammer frame plate and the hammer sheet in the traditional pulverizer rotate at high speed, a blade effect similar to a centrifugal fan can be generated, but the cross section thicknesses of the hammer frame plate and the hammer sheet are very small, the generated wind pressure is very small, according to the literature report, the tail end (close to the screen) of the hammer sheet of the traditional pulverizer only generates static pressure of 30-100 Pa, the screen has static pressure resistance (the resistance of the screen with the aperture of 1mm can be up to more than 1000Pa according to the size of the screen hole), and the pulverized material can be sieved and discharged only by overcoming the static pressure resistance of the screen hole.
After the traditional hammer frame plate is improved into the fan blade type hammer frame plate, the part becomes an actual impeller of a centrifugal fan, and full pressure of hundreds of Pa-thousands of Pa (full pressure = static pressure + dynamic pressure) is generated at the maximum radius of the impeller, so that the pulverized material is favorably blown out of a screen mesh.
Meanwhile, the axial flow fan is arranged in the pulverizer, a negative pressure area is arranged above the horizontal line of the axial flow fan, so that feeding and air supplement are facilitated, and a positive pressure area is arranged below the horizontal line, so that the on-way resistance from top to bottom in the machine barrel is facilitated to be overcome, and the wet raw materials smoothly pass through a pulverizing and shearing area consisting of a plurality of fan blade type hammer frame plates, hammer blades, U-shaped fixed blades and the machine barrel.
The raw materials (high-moisture wet short straws) in the invention enter the machine barrel from the feed inlet of the upper cover plate, and the axial flow fan and the fan blade type hammer frame plate generate large vertical downward positive pressure axial airflow 13 and horizontal rotating airflow 14 (see figure 1) due to the high-speed rotation of the crushing main shaft. The axial flow fan generates a large vertical downward positive pressure axial airflow, the fan blade type hammer frame plate generates a large horizontal rotating airflow through the fan blades fixed on the back surface of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, according to the aerodynamic principle, the positive pressure axial airflow 13 and the horizontal rotating airflow 14 are combined into a high-speed rotating downward positive pressure airflow in the machine barrel, most of the positive pressure airflow is discharged from the sieve mesh holes in the side wall of the machine barrel, a small part of the positive pressure axial airflow is discharged from the discharge holes in the lower sieve mesh plate, and meanwhile, supplementary air is sucked from the feed inlet and the air supplementing holes formed in the upper cover plate.
Thus, under the drive of gravity and air flow, the raw materials are crushed into fine straws under the impact, shearing and friction actions of the hammer sheet and the U-shaped fixed knife, and the straw fine materials are subjected to centrifugal force F = m
2r (note: F-straw fines centrifugal force, m-straw fines mass,
the rotating angular velocity of the straw fines, r is the rotating radius of the straw fines) passes through the screen mesh at a larger speed to be discharged to the outside (in the discharging cone hopper below the annular housing), a small amount of straw fines which are not discharged from the screen mesh are discharged through the lower screen mesh plate under the action of the gravity of the straw fines and the airflow in the cylinder, and the straw fines with high moisture cannot be adhered, detained and blocked on the crusher rotor and the screen mesh due to the high speed of the straw fines passing through the screen meshTherefore, the high-moisture (about 60 percent of moisture) straw with the length of about 200mm can be industrially and continuously crushed into straw fine materials with the length of less than 20mm, so as to meet the requirements of the straw biogas fermentation process.
The improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the fan blade type hammer frame plate is provided with a U-shaped opening which is opened towards the outer side of the edge of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, the U-shaped opening is at least two U-shaped openings which are symmetrically arranged along the circumference of the center of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, and a fan blade is fixed at the two U-shaped edges of each U-shaped opening.
The invention adopts the technical scheme, thereby bringing the following effects: 1) the fan blade type hammer frame plate is provided with U-shaped openings which are opened towards the outer sides of the edges of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, and a fan blade is fixed at two U-shaped edges of each U-shaped opening, so that the fan blade type hammer frame plate is ensured to generate large horizontal rotating airflow through the fan blade, the areas of an upper airflow channel and a lower airflow channel in the machine barrel can be increased, and the effect is better; 2) the U-shaped openings are at least two U-shaped openings which are symmetrically arranged along the periphery of the center of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, and the dynamic balance of the fan blade type hammer frame plate can be kept.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the U-shaped opening on each fan blade type hammer frame plate is communicated with the U-shaped opening on the adjacent fan blade type hammer frame plate up and down.
The invention adopts the technical scheme, thereby bringing the following effects: the U-shaped opening on each fan blade type hammer frame plate is communicated with the U-shaped opening on the adjacent fan blade type hammer frame plate up and down, so that the area of an upper air flow channel and a lower air flow channel in the machine barrel can be increased, and the effect is better.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: the axial flow fan is composed of a fan disc fixed on the crushing main shaft, an inclined gasket fixedly connected with the fan disc and fan blades, and the fan blades are made of wear-resistant materials.
The invention adopts the technical scheme, thereby bringing the following effects: the general axial flow fan is made without wear-resistant material, but in the invention, the fan blade is also contacted with the feeding material in the rotating process and has the function of crushing the raw material, so the fan blade is made of wear-resistant material.
One of the perfections of the technical scheme is as follows: the length of the cutter teeth of the U-shaped fixed cutter extending into the inner side wall of the machine barrel is adjustable.
The second improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: and a circle of annular housing is fixed on the outer side wall of the machine barrel, and a discharge cone hopper fixed on the rack is arranged below the annular housing.
The third perfection of the technical scheme is as follows: the vertical motor is fixedly connected to the rack, and triangular belt wheels and a conveying belt connected between the two triangular belt wheels are arranged at the top ends of an output shaft of the vertical motor and the crushing main shaft.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the vertical straw fine crusher of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the configuration of the louvered hammer mount plate of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view B-B of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The vertical straw fine crusher of the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, comprises a frame 1, a vertical cylinder 2 fixed on the frame 1, and a crushing main shaft 3 vertically arranged.
A vertical motor 4 is fixedly connected to the frame 1, and triangular belt wheels 5 and a conveyor belt 6 connected between the two triangular belt wheels are arranged on the output shaft of the vertical motor 4 and the top end of the crushing main shaft 3.
A ring-shaped housing 2-6 is fixed on the outer side wall of the machine barrel 2. A discharge cone hopper 12 fixed on the frame 1 is arranged below the annular enclosers 2-6. The mutual position between the ring housing 2-6 and the discharge cone 12 can be adjusted up and down. Because the moisture of the wet straws is about 60 percent, the dust generated by crushing has high specific gravity and high settling velocity, the straw dust covered in the annular housing 2-6 and the discharge conical hopper 12 can sink into the receiving device arranged below along with downward air flow and straw fine materials, and the straw dust cannot fly.
The upper end and the lower end of the machine barrel 2 are respectively provided with an upper cover plate 2-1 and a lower sieve plate 2-2 in a sealing way, and the upper cover plate 2-1 and the lower sieve plate 2-2 are respectively provided with a bearing for supporting the crushing main shaft 3.
The side wall of the barrel 2 is provided with a plurality of discharge holes (not shown) for mounting the screens 2-3. The screen 2-3 is an arc screen matched with the machine barrel, the aperture of the screen 2-3 is about 20mm, screens with different apertures can be replaced according to requirements, and the length range of the straw crushed fine materials can be effectively controlled by replacing the screens with different apertures.
The upper cover plate 2-1 is provided with a feed inlet 2-4 and a plurality of air supplementing holes which are communicated with the inside and the outside of the machine barrel 2. The crushing main shaft 3 is arranged in the machine barrel 2, and the top end of the crushing main shaft extends out of the upper cover plate 2-1.
An axial flow fan 7 is fixed on the upper part of the crushing main shaft 3. The axial flow fan 7 is composed of a fan disc 7-1 fixed on the crushing main shaft 3, an inclined gasket 7-2 fixedly connected with the fan disc 7-1 and a fan sheet 7-3, the fan sheet 7-3 is made of wear-resistant materials, and the size of axial airflow can be adjusted by changing the angle of the inclined gasket 7-2.
The lower part of the crushing main shaft 3 is fixed with a plurality of blade type hammer frame plates 9 which are arranged at intervals, and the blade type hammer frame plates 9 are provided with hammer sheets 8 which can extend out of the edges of the hammer frame plates.
The outer side wall of the machine barrel 2 is fixedly provided with U-shaped fixed cutters 2-5 matched with the hammer piece 8, cutter teeth of the U-shaped fixed cutters 2-5 extend into the inner side wall of the machine barrel 2, the cutter teeth are parallel to the hammer piece 8, and the staggered length of the cutter teeth of the U-shaped fixed cutters 2-5 extending into the inner side wall of the machine barrel and the hammer piece 8 is adjustable.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the back of the blade type hammer frame plate 9 is fixed with blades 9-1 arranged along the radial direction of the crushing main shaft 3.
The blade type hammer rack plate 9 of the embodiment is provided with a U-shaped notch 9-2 which opens towards the outside of the edge of the blade type hammer rack plate, the U-shaped notch 9-2 is at least two U-shaped notches which are symmetrically arranged along the circumference of the center of the blade type hammer rack plate 9, and two U-shaped edges of each U-shaped notch 9-2 are respectively fixed with a blade 9-1.
And a pin shaft 11 is connected between every two adjacent fan blade type hammer frame plates 9, and the U-shaped opening on each fan blade type hammer frame plate 9 is vertically communicated with the U-shaped opening on the adjacent fan blade type hammer frame plate.
The hammer 8 is movably connected to the pin 11 and can swing freely around the pin. Thus, when the pulverization main shaft 3 rotates at a high speed, the plurality of vane-type hammer carrier plates 9, the pin shafts 11, and the hammer pieces 8 rotate in accordance with the rotation.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a thin rubbing crusher of vertical straw, includes the frame, fixes the vertical barrel in the frame and the crushing main shaft of vertical setting, the upper and lower end of barrel seals respectively and is equipped with upper cover plate and lower orifice plate, the discharge opening that has a plurality of can be used to install the screen cloth is opened to the lateral wall of barrel, the inside and outside feed inlet and a plurality of air supplementing hole of intercommunication barrel system of upper cover plate system, it stretches out upper cover plate, its characterized in that to smash the main shaft and locate in the barrel and the top: the upper portion of smashing the main shaft is fixed with an axial fan, the lower part of smashing the main shaft is fixed with a plurality of fan blade formula hammer carrier plate that the interval set up, the back of fan blade formula hammer carrier plate is fixed with along the radial fan blade that sets up of smashing the main shaft, fixed U-shaped stationary knife on the lateral wall of barrel, the sword tooth of U-shaped stationary knife stretches into the barrel inside wall.
2. The vertical straw fine crusher of claim 1, wherein: the fan blade type hammer frame plate is provided with a U-shaped opening which is opened towards the outer side of the edge of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, the U-shaped opening is at least two U-shaped openings which are symmetrically arranged along the circumference of the center of the fan blade type hammer frame plate, and a fan blade is fixed at the two U-shaped edges of each U-shaped opening.
3. The vertical straw fine crusher of claim 1, wherein: the U-shaped opening on each fan blade type hammer frame plate is communicated with the U-shaped opening on the adjacent fan blade type hammer frame plate up and down.
4. The vertical straw fine crusher of claim 1, wherein: the axial flow fan is composed of a fan disc fixed on the crushing main shaft, an inclined gasket fixedly connected with the fan disc and fan blades, and the fan blades are made of wear-resistant materials.
5. The vertical straw fine crusher of claim 1, wherein: the length of the cutter teeth of the U-shaped fixed cutter extending into the inner side wall of the machine barrel is adjustable.
6. The vertical straw fine crusher of claim 1, wherein: and a circle of annular housing is fixed on the outer side wall of the machine barrel, and a discharge cone hopper fixed on the rack is arranged below the annular housing.
7. The vertical straw fine crusher of claim 1, wherein: the vertical motor is fixedly connected to the rack, and triangular belt wheels and a conveying belt connected between the two triangular belt wheels are arranged at the top ends of an output shaft of the vertical motor and the crushing main shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711051649.6A CN107750679B (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2017-11-01 | Vertical straw fine crusher |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711051649.6A CN107750679B (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2017-11-01 | Vertical straw fine crusher |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107750679A CN107750679A (en) | 2018-03-06 |
| CN107750679B true CN107750679B (en) | 2020-05-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711051649.6A Active CN107750679B (en) | 2017-11-01 | 2017-11-01 | Vertical straw fine crusher |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108323334B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-05-16 | 遵义双河生物燃料科技有限公司 | Straw pulverizer |
| CN108934493B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-06-29 | 安徽森米诺农业科技有限公司 | Crop straw processing device |
| CN109258143A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-25 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Air-sweeping type sieve anti-block apparatus and stalk crasher |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU762968A1 (en) * | 1975-07-25 | 1980-09-15 | Dn Z Prodovolstvennogo Mash | Crusher for granular material |
| JP3820434B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2006-09-13 | 株式会社栗本鐵工所 | Vertical crusher |
| CN200941765Y (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2007-09-05 | 邓泽深 | Compression-type multi-purpose safety feedstuff grinder |
| CN101124873A (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2008-02-20 | 李乃良 | Cotton stalk cutting machine |
| CN203608589U (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-05-28 | 门广元 | Novel chaff-cutter combined cutter head |
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2017
- 2017-11-01 CN CN201711051649.6A patent/CN107750679B/en active Active
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| CN107750679A (en) | 2018-03-06 |
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