CN107749642A - A kind of household energy router - Google Patents
A kind of household energy router Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H02J13/0013—
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- H02J13/0062—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H02J3/383—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/12—Energy storage units, uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators, e.g. in the last power distribution stages
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/242—Home appliances
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
Abstract
一种家用式能量路由器,包括并网模块、光伏发电模块、蓄电池储能模块、柴油机发电模块和家用电交流负载模块。各个模块通过路由端口并入直流母线。路由端口包含有电力电子变换器,可将电能与其他能源(如光照、油等)进行相互联接以及完成整流、逆变、隔离和升‑降压的工作。本发明面向家用交流负载,通过各端口的控制器和通讯电路,以并网端口的为主控制器来实现能量管理和信息交互;本发明提出的能量路由器具有多个端口,能同时接入多种发电设备,储能设备、家庭用电负载,在并网状态可根据交流电网的峰谷和实际负荷需求,灵活控制不同能量的大小和流动方向,在孤岛状态也可实现不同设备之间的能量流动,能够实现能源综合利用。
A household energy router includes a grid-connected module, a photovoltaic power generation module, a storage battery energy storage module, a diesel engine power generation module and a household AC load module. Each module is merged into the DC bus through the routing port. The routing port contains a power electronic converter, which can connect electric energy with other energy sources (such as light, oil, etc.) and complete rectification, inverter, isolation and step-up-down work. The invention is oriented to household AC loads, through the controllers and communication circuits of each port, the main controller of the grid-connected port is used to realize energy management and information interaction; the energy router proposed by the invention has multiple ports, and can simultaneously access multiple A variety of power generation equipment, energy storage equipment, and household electrical loads can flexibly control the magnitude and flow direction of different energy according to the peak and valley of the AC grid and the actual load demand in the grid-connected state, and realize the connection between different devices in the island state. The energy flow can realize the comprehensive utilization of energy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子变换器以及信息技术领域,特别涉及一种面向家用负载的能量路由器。The invention relates to the field of power electronic converters and information technology, in particular to an energy router for household loads.
背景技术Background technique
近年来,为了缓解能源危机和环境污染,分布式可再生能源在电网中的运用越来越广泛,但这些可再生能源往往具有地理分散性、间歇性。这就需要在电网中加入大量的储能设备用于缓冲这些波动的能量。另一方面,传统的单一集中式发电网逐渐装变为集中式和分布式共存的发电模式,电能的单向流动也开始转变为多向流动。In recent years, in order to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution, distributed renewable energy has been widely used in the power grid, but these renewable energy are often geographically dispersed and intermittent. This requires adding a large number of energy storage devices to the grid to buffer these fluctuating energy. On the other hand, the traditional single centralized power generation network is gradually installed into a centralized and distributed power generation mode, and the one-way flow of electric energy has also begun to change into a multi-directional flow.
为了满足未来电网对电能控制的复杂性和多样性要求,有学者提出未来电网将在局部消纳的基础上,以微网、智能小区为自治单元,形成自下而上的能量单元的互联。美国北卡罗来纳州州立大学FREEDM中心提出以能量路由器为核心的能量互联网。由此看出,集成了成熟的信息技术,基于电力电子变换的能量路由器能够实现能量的高效接入和利用,将成为未来电网的核心部件,正受到越来越多的学者的重视。In order to meet the complexity and diversity requirements of the future power grid for power control, some scholars have proposed that the future power grid will use microgrids and smart communities as autonomous units to form a bottom-up interconnection of energy units on the basis of local consumption. The FREEDM Center of North Carolina State University in the United States proposes an energy internet with energy routers as its core. It can be seen from this that integrated with mature information technology, the energy router based on power electronic conversion can realize efficient access and utilization of energy, and will become the core component of the future power grid, and is being valued by more and more scholars.
能量路由器是一种集成融合了信息技术与电力电子变换技术、实现分布式能量的高效利用和传输的电力装备。电力电子变换技术使电能路由器为各种类型的分布式电源、储能设备和新型负载提供所需的电能接口形式。信息技术使能量路由器实现智能化,配电网在其控制下实行自律运行,上层电力调度中心只需向网内发送较长时间尺度的优化运行参数,以实现全网的优化运行。An energy router is a kind of power equipment that integrates information technology and power electronic conversion technology to realize the efficient utilization and transmission of distributed energy. Power electronic conversion technology enables power routers to provide the required power interface forms for various types of distributed power sources, energy storage devices and new loads. Information technology makes the energy router intelligent, and the distribution network operates autonomously under its control. The upper-level power dispatching center only needs to send optimized operating parameters with a longer time scale to the network to achieve optimal operation of the entire network.
CN2723723Y公开了一种风、光、柴互补系统控制逆变一体机,优先使用太阳能和风能等清洁能源,并能够控制蓄电池充放电。但该系统是一个离网系统,只能给本地负载供电,不能够并网运行。CN102780267A公开了一种采用开关阵列组成能量通道的电能路由器,控制复杂,如果单一开关出现故障,将对全局造成影响。CN104682430A公开了一种应用于能源互联网的能源路由器装置,属于中压范围。现有的能量路由器主要集中在交流网、混合交流网,且大多集中在局域网和主干网,对低压直流微网的关注较少,而在未来智能电网规划中所有用户不仅是需求方,加上风光储系统后,用户也可以生产并存储电力,能够与电网和其余用户自由交易电力。因此,面向家用负载并能够利用低压直流微网主动控制调度能量流的能量路由器是未来智能电网的重要组成部分。CN2723723Y discloses a wind, light and firewood complementary system control inverter integrated machine, which preferentially uses clean energy such as solar energy and wind energy, and can control battery charge and discharge. However, the system is an off-grid system, which can only supply power to local loads and cannot be connected to the grid. CN102780267A discloses a power router that uses a switch array to form an energy channel. The control is complicated, and if a single switch fails, it will affect the overall situation. CN104682430A discloses an energy router device applied to the energy Internet, which belongs to the medium voltage range. The existing energy routers are mainly concentrated in the AC network and hybrid AC network, and most of them are concentrated in the local area network and the backbone network. There is less attention to the low-voltage DC micro-grid. In the future smart grid planning, all users are not only the demand side, but also the After the wind-solar-storage system, users can also produce and store electricity, and can freely trade electricity with the grid and other users. Therefore, an energy router that is oriented to household loads and can actively control and dispatch energy flow using a low-voltage DC microgrid is an important part of the future smart grid.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是,针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明提出一种面向家用负载的能量路由器及其控制方法。The object of the present invention is to propose an energy router for household loads and a control method thereof, aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下的技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种家用式能量路由器,包括直流母线、路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口、控制芯片、端口传感器采集处理电路、直流母线传感器采集处理电路、端口开关驱动电路和通讯电路。A household energy router includes a DC bus, router first port to router fifth port, a control chip, a port sensor collection and processing circuit, a DC bus sensor collection and processing circuit, a port switch drive circuit and a communication circuit.
所述直流母线由正、负母线组成;路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口并联在直流正、负母线上;端口传感器采集处理电路采集并处理端口的电压、电流信号,然后将其传输给控制芯片;直流母线传感器采集处理电路采集直流母线的电压、电流信号,然后传输给控制芯片;控制芯片将采样数据汇总并处理发出控制信号,通过端口开关驱动电路控制路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口中端口开关的闭合与断开以及电力电子变换器的工作状态,主控制器中的控制芯片通过通讯电路和每一个路由端口保持通信,整个能量路由器通过直流母线实现能量的双向流动,通过控制芯片实现信息的双向流动。The DC bus bar is composed of positive and negative bus bars; the first port of the router to the fifth port of the router are connected in parallel on the DC positive and negative bus bars; the port sensor acquisition and processing circuit collects and processes the voltage and current signals of the ports, and then transmits them to the control Chip; the DC bus sensor acquisition and processing circuit collects the voltage and current signals of the DC bus, and then transmits them to the control chip; the control chip summarizes the sampled data and processes and sends out control signals, and controls the first port of the router to the fifth port of the router through the port switch drive circuit The closing and opening of the port switch and the working state of the power electronic converter, the control chip in the main controller maintains communication with each routing port through the communication circuit, and the entire energy router realizes the bidirectional flow of energy through the DC bus. Realize the two-way flow of information.
所述交流电网无故障时,通过路由器第一端口连接至直流母线上,能量路由器工作在并网模式;交流电网故障,断开路由器第一端口中的三相变流器,能量路由器进入孤岛模式。When the AC power grid is faultless, it is connected to the DC bus through the first port of the router, and the energy router works in grid-connected mode; when the AC power grid fails, the three-phase converter in the first port of the router is disconnected, and the energy router enters the island mode .
所述路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口分别接入交流电网、光伏电池、蓄电池、柴油发电机和家用电交流负载。The first port of the router to the fifth port of the router are respectively connected to an AC grid, a photovoltaic cell, a storage battery, a diesel generator, and a household AC load.
路由器第一端口内部包含一个三相AC/DC变流器和四个端口开关将交流电网连接在直流母线上,其中三个端口开关采用交流断路器,一个端口开关采用直流断路器;路由器第二端口内部包含一个隔离DC-DC电路和二个端口开关将光伏电池连接在直流母线上,其中端口开关选用直流断路器;路由器第三端口内部包含一个双向Buck/Boost电路和一个端口开关将蓄电池连接在直流母线上,其中端口开关选用直流断路器;路由器第四端口内部包含一个Boost-PFC电路和二个端口开关将柴油发电机连接在直流母线上,其中一端口开关采用直流断路器,另一个端口开关采用交流断路器;路由器第五端口内部包含一个单相DC-AC逆变器和二个端口开关将家用电交流负载连接在直流母线上,其中一个端口开关采用直流断路器,另一个端口开关采用交流断路器。The first port of the router contains a three-phase AC/DC converter and four port switches to connect the AC grid to the DC bus, of which three port switches use AC circuit breakers, and one port switch uses DC circuit breakers; the second port of the router The port contains an isolated DC-DC circuit and two port switches to connect the photovoltaic battery to the DC bus, and the port switch uses a DC circuit breaker; the third port of the router contains a bidirectional Buck/Boost circuit and a port switch to connect the battery On the DC bus, the port switch uses a DC circuit breaker; the fourth port of the router contains a Boost-PFC circuit and two port switches to connect the diesel generator to the DC bus, one of which uses a DC circuit breaker, and the other The port switch uses an AC circuit breaker; the fifth port of the router contains a single-phase DC-AC inverter and two port switches to connect the household AC load to the DC bus, one of which uses a DC circuit breaker, and the other The port switch uses an AC circuit breaker.
所述的路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口经过电力电子变换器变换后的电压为Udcin,直流母线电压为Udc-bus,当发电设备发电、交流电网以及储能设备向直流母线输电时,电压经过变换后必须满足Udcin=Udc-bus才能实现正常接入支路母线。The voltage of the first port of the router to the fifth port of the router after being transformed by the power electronic converter is U dcin , and the voltage of the DC bus is U dc-bus . , the voltage must satisfy U dcin = U dc-bus after transformation to achieve normal access to the branch bus.
通过每个路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口,直流母线与交流电网、发电设备(光伏电池、柴油机)、储能设备、用电负载之间的能量流动方式有4种,即能量从发电设备流入直流母线,能量从储能设备流向直流母线,能量从交流电网流向直流母线,能量从直流母线流出向负载供电、向储能设备充电、向交流电网回馈。Through the first port of each router to the fifth port of the router, there are four energy flow modes between the DC bus and the AC power grid, power generation equipment (photovoltaic cells, diesel engines), energy storage equipment, and electrical loads. The energy flows into the DC bus, the energy flows from the energy storage device to the DC bus, the energy flows from the AC grid to the DC bus, and the energy flows out from the DC bus to supply power to the load, charge the energy storage device, and feed back to the AC grid.
所述路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口都含有控制器,其控制芯片是一个信息运算处理中心,选用FPGA与ARM两种微处理控制芯片,FPGA接收来自端口传感器采集电路采集到的端口电压、电流信号,接收直流母线传感器采集处理电路采集到的直流母线电压、电流信号,进行汇总后传送给ARM进行数据比较及运算,并接收ARM给出的运算结果产生控制信号,输出给端口开关驱动电路,控制路由端口中电力电子变换器的导通状态以及端口开关的闭合与断开,在FPGA微处理控制芯片与ARM微处理控制芯片之间存在交互信息流;控制芯片通过通讯电路,即是控制器局域网总线CAN可实现各端口的实时信息互通,实时监测各路由端口的电压电流是否正常,路由器第一端口中的控制器为主控制器,其控制芯片可通过总线CAN完成对路由器第二端口~路由器第五端口的子控制器的控制,实现信息的双向流动。The first port of the router to the fifth port of the router all contain a controller, and its control chip is an information processing center, and two kinds of micro-processing control chips, FPGA and ARM, are selected, and the FPGA receives the port voltage collected by the port sensor acquisition circuit, The current signal receives the DC bus voltage and current signals collected by the DC bus sensor acquisition and processing circuit, summarizes them and sends them to ARM for data comparison and calculation, and receives the calculation results given by ARM to generate control signals, which are output to the port switch drive circuit , control the conduction state of the power electronic converter in the routing port and the closing and opening of the port switch, there is an interactive information flow between the FPGA micro-processing control chip and the ARM micro-processing control chip; the control chip passes through the communication circuit, that is, the control The LAN bus CAN of the router can realize the real-time information intercommunication of each port, and monitor whether the voltage and current of each routing port are normal in real time. ~The control of the sub-controller of the fifth port of the router realizes the two-way flow of information.
通过控制芯片进行能量控制,并网设备、发电设备(光伏电池、柴油机)、储能设备和家用电交流负载五大模块接入能量路由端口,控制各个模块通过直流母线实现能量的多向流动。Energy control is performed through the control chip, and the five modules of grid-connected equipment, power generation equipment (photovoltaic cells, diesel engines), energy storage equipment, and household AC loads are connected to the energy routing port, and each module is controlled to achieve multi-directional flow of energy through the DC bus.
所述路由器第一端口连接交流电网时,能量路由器工作在并网模式下,此时柴油机发电机不接入直流母线,仅当交流电网故障,能量路由器处于孤岛模式下并且光伏电池发出的总功率及蓄电池能够提供的功率的总合无法满足用电总负载时,柴油发电机接入直流母线;When the first port of the router is connected to the AC grid, the energy router works in the grid-connected mode. At this time, the diesel engine generator is not connected to the DC bus. Only when the AC grid fails, the energy router is in the island mode and the total power generated by the photovoltaic cells When the total power provided by the battery and the battery cannot meet the total load of electricity, the diesel generator is connected to the DC bus;
并网模式下又分为两种情况:There are two situations in grid-connected mode:
1)光伏电池所发功率足够为用电负载提供能量,如果功率有剩余,则能量路由器将剩下能量存储在蓄电池中,若还有盈余,则回馈给交流电网;1) The power generated by the photovoltaic cell is enough to provide energy for the load. If there is surplus power, the energy router will store the remaining energy in the battery, and if there is surplus, it will feed back to the AC grid;
2)光伏电池所发功率不足为用电负载供能,且蓄电池也无法补充差额功率,则交流电网向直流母线供电,将能量送往用电负载。2) The power generated by the photovoltaic cell is insufficient to supply energy to the load, and the battery cannot supplement the power difference, so the AC grid supplies power to the DC bus and sends the energy to the load.
并网模式下的工作流程为:The workflow in grid-connected mode is:
通过数据采集,控制芯片对路由器第二端口、路由器第三端口、路由器第五端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断;当满足接入直流母线条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,控制芯片向端口开关驱动电路发出控制信号,使得路由端口开关闭合,将光伏电池、蓄电池和家用交流电负载接入直流母线,通过端口传感器采集处理电路采集各路由端口的电压、电流信号,控制芯片对接入直流母线的光伏电池所发总功率Ppv与家用电总负载PL进行功率计算,然后比较Ppv与家用电负载PL的大小,当PL≦Ppv时,光伏电池向用电负载供能;同时,若有盈余的能量,则向蓄电池充电,继续检测光伏电池所接入的路由器第二端口的输出功率是否还有盈余,若仍有盈余,则将剩余能量回馈通过路由器第一端口回馈至交流电网。当PL>Ppv时,首先检测路由第三端口所接的蓄电池的储能Pbat能否足够补充功率缺额,若Pbat≥|PL-Ppv|,则能够补充,向用电负载补充剩余的能量缺额;若Pbat<|PL-Ppv|,则不能补充,则向交流微网索取能量来补充功率缺额,交流微网通过路由器第一端口给家用电负载供能。Through data acquisition, the control chip matches and judges the voltage of the second port of the router, the third port of the router, and the fifth port of the router with the DC bus voltage ; The port switch driving circuit sends a control signal to close the routing port switch, connect the photovoltaic battery, storage battery and household AC load to the DC bus, collect the voltage and current signals of each routing port through the port sensor acquisition and processing circuit, and control the chip to connect to the DC bus. Calculate the total power P pv generated by the photovoltaic cells of the bus and the total household load PL , and then compare the size of P pv with the household load PL. When P L ≦ P pv , the photovoltaic cells will At the same time, if there is surplus energy, charge the battery and continue to check whether the output power of the second port of the router connected to the photovoltaic battery is still surplus. If there is still surplus energy, feed back the surplus energy through the first port of the router The port is fed back to the AC grid. When PL > P pv , first check whether the energy storage P bat of the storage battery connected to the third port of the router is sufficient to supplement the power shortage . Supplement the remaining energy deficit; if P bat <|P L -P pv |, it cannot be supplemented, then ask for energy from the AC micro-grid to supplement the power deficit, and the AC micro-grid supplies energy to household electrical loads through the first port of the router.
所述路由器第一端口连接交流电网故障时,交流电网不接入能量路由器,能量路由器工作在孤岛模式下。When the first port of the router is connected to the AC grid failure, the AC grid is not connected to the energy router, and the energy router works in an island mode.
孤岛模式下的工作流程为:The workflow in island mode is:
通过数据采集,控制芯片对路由器第二端口、路由器第三端口、路由器第五端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断;当满足接入直流母线条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,控制芯片向端口开关驱动电路发出控制信号,使得路由端口开关闭合,将光伏电池、蓄电池和家用交流电负载接入直流母线,通过端口传感器采集处理电路采集各路由端口的电压、电流信号,控制芯片对接入直流母线的光伏电池所发总功率Ppv与家用电总负载PL进行功率计算,然后比较Ppv与家用电负载PL的大小,当PL≦Ppv时,光伏电池向用电负载供能;同时,若有盈余的能量,则向蓄电池充电,当PL>Ppv时,首先检测路由器第三端口所接的蓄电池的储能Pbat能否足够补充功率缺额,若Pbat≥|PL-Ppv|,则能够补充,向用电负载补充剩余的能量缺额;若Pbat<|PL-Ppv|,则蓄电池无法补充,则通过数据采集,控制芯片对路由器第四端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断,满足接入条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,通过路由器第四端口将柴油发电机连接至直流母线,由柴油发电机补足能量缺额,向家用负载供能。Through data acquisition, the control chip matches and judges the voltage of the second port of the router, the third port of the router, and the fifth port of the router with the DC bus voltage ; The port switch driving circuit sends a control signal to close the routing port switch, connect the photovoltaic battery, storage battery and household AC load to the DC bus, collect the voltage and current signals of each routing port through the port sensor acquisition and processing circuit, and control the chip to connect to the DC bus. The total power P pv generated by the photovoltaic cells of the busbar is calculated with the total household load PL, and then the size of P pv and the household load PL is compared . When P L ≦ Ppv, the photovoltaic cells supply energy to the load ; At the same time, if there is surplus energy, charge the battery. When P L >P pv , first check whether the energy storage P bat of the battery connected to the third port of the router is sufficient to supplement the power shortage, if P bat ≥|P L -P pv |, then it can replenish the remaining energy deficit to the electric load; if P bat <|P L -P pv |, the battery cannot be replenished, and through data collection, the control chip controls the power of the fourth port of the router. The matching judgment is made between the voltage and the DC bus voltage, and when the access condition U dcin = U dc-bus is met, the diesel generator is connected to the DC bus through the fourth port of the router, and the diesel generator makes up for the energy gap and supplies energy to household loads.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:本发明提出的能量路由器具有多个路由端口,能够同时接入不同发电设备、储能设备、用电负载进行统一管理和控制;本发明通过有效的能量管理,在孤岛模式下实现不同设备之间的能量流动以维持功率平衡,及并网模式下盈余能量能够主动回馈给交流电网,提高能量利用率;本发明的优点是面向家用负载,安装光储的家庭可通过本发明实现主动控制调度能量流,用户不再只是电能需求方,同时可以生产并存储电力,能够与电网和其余用户自由交易电力,获得更高的经济效益。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: the energy router proposed by the present invention has multiple routing ports, and can simultaneously access different power generation equipment, energy storage equipment, and electric loads for unified management and control; Through effective energy management, the invention realizes the energy flow between different devices in the island mode to maintain power balance, and the surplus energy in the grid-connected mode can be actively fed back to the AC grid to improve energy utilization; the advantage of the invention is that it is oriented to household use Loads, households with solar storage can actively control and dispatch energy flow through the present invention, and users are no longer just power demanders, but can produce and store power at the same time, and can freely trade power with the grid and other users to obtain higher economic benefits.
本发明提出的能量路由器通讯结构简单,各控制芯片之间相互连接,完成信息互通,控制芯片实现下层物理信息和上层数字信息的相互转换以及信息的双向流动。The energy router proposed by the present invention has a simple communication structure, each control chip is connected to each other to complete information intercommunication, and the control chip realizes mutual conversion between lower layer physical information and upper layer digital information and bidirectional flow of information.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为家用能量路由器结构图;Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a household energy router;
图2为各路由端口中控制器通讯电路图;Fig. 2 is a controller communication circuit diagram in each routing port;
图3为并网工作模式下能量控制流程图;Figure 3 is a flow chart of energy control in the grid-connected working mode;
图4为孤岛工作模式下能量控制流程图。Fig. 4 is a flow chart of energy control in the island working mode.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施对本发明做进一步阐述。The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation.
图1为一种家用式能量路由器结构图,该路由器包括直流母线、路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口、控制芯片、端口传感器采集处理电路、直流母线传感器采集处理电路、端口开关驱动电路和通讯电路。Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a household energy router, which includes a DC bus, router first port to router fifth port, control chip, port sensor acquisition and processing circuit, DC bus sensor acquisition and processing circuit, port switch drive circuit and communication circuit.
所述直流母线由正、负母线组成;路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口并联在直流正、负母线上;端口传感器采集处理电路采集并处理端口的电压、电流信号,然后将其传输给控制芯片;直流母线传感器采集处理电路采集直流母线的电压、电流信号,然后传输给控制芯片;控制芯片将采样数据汇总并处理发出控制信号,通过端口开关驱动电路控制路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口中端口开关的闭合与断开以及电力电子变换器的工作状态,主控制器中的控制芯片通过通讯电路和每一个路由端口保持通信,整个能量路由器通过直流母线实现能量的双向流动,通过控制芯片实现信息的双向流动;The DC bus bar is composed of positive and negative bus bars; the first port of the router to the fifth port of the router are connected in parallel on the DC positive and negative bus bars; the port sensor acquisition and processing circuit collects and processes the voltage and current signals of the ports, and then transmits them to the control Chip; the DC bus sensor acquisition and processing circuit collects the voltage and current signals of the DC bus, and then transmits them to the control chip; the control chip summarizes the sampled data and processes and sends out control signals, and controls the first port of the router to the fifth port of the router through the port switch drive circuit The closing and opening of the port switch and the working state of the power electronic converter, the control chip in the main controller maintains communication with each routing port through the communication circuit, and the entire energy router realizes the bidirectional flow of energy through the DC bus. Realize the two-way flow of information;
所述交流电网无故障时,通过路由器第一端口联接至直流母线上,能量路由器工作在并网模式;交流电网故障,断开路由器第一端口中的三相变流器,能量路由器进入孤岛模式。When the AC power grid is faultless, it is connected to the DC bus through the first port of the router, and the energy router works in the grid-connected mode; when the AC power grid fails, disconnect the three-phase converter in the first port of the router, and the energy router enters the island mode .
所述路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口分别接入交流电网、光伏电池、蓄电池、柴油发电机和家用电交流负载。The first port of the router to the fifth port of the router are respectively connected to an AC grid, a photovoltaic cell, a storage battery, a diesel generator, and a household AC load.
如图1所示,路由器第一端口内部包含1个三相AC/DC变流器和4个端口开关将交流电网连接在直流母线上,其中3个端口开关采用交流断路器,其余1个采用直流断路器;路由器第二端口内部包含1个隔离DC-DC电路和2个端口开关将光伏电池连接在直流母线上,其中端口开关选用直流断路器;路由器第三端口内部包含1个双向Buck/Boost电路和1个端口开关将蓄电池连接在直流母线上,其中端口开关选用直流断路器;路由器第三端口内部包含1个Boost-PFC电路和2个端口开关将柴油发电机连接在直流母线上,其中1端口开关采用直流断路器,剩余1个采用交流断路器;路由器第五端口内部包含1个单相DC-AC逆变器和2个端口开关将家用电交流负载连接在直流母线上,其中1端口开关采用直流断路器,剩余1个采用交流断路器。As shown in Figure 1, the first port of the router contains a three-phase AC/DC converter and 4 port switches to connect the AC grid to the DC bus, of which 3 port switches use AC circuit breakers, and the remaining 1 uses DC circuit breaker; the second port of the router contains an isolated DC-DC circuit and two port switches to connect the photovoltaic battery to the DC bus, and the port switch uses a DC circuit breaker; the third port of the router contains a bidirectional Buck/ The Boost circuit and a port switch connect the battery to the DC bus, and the port switch uses a DC circuit breaker; the third port of the router contains a Boost-PFC circuit and 2 port switches to connect the diesel generator to the DC bus. Among them, 1 port switch uses a DC circuit breaker, and the remaining 1 uses an AC circuit breaker; the fifth port of the router contains a single-phase DC-AC inverter and 2 port switches to connect the household AC load to the DC bus. One of the port switches uses a DC circuit breaker, and the remaining one uses an AC circuit breaker.
所述的路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口经过电力电子变换器变换后的电压为Udcin,直流母线电压为Udc-bus,当发电设备发电、交流电网以及储能设备向直流母线输电时,电压经过变换后必须满足Udcin=Udc-bus才能实现正常接入支路母线。The voltage of the first port of the router to the fifth port of the router after being transformed by the power electronic converter is U dcin , and the voltage of the DC bus is U dc-bus . , the voltage must satisfy U dcin = U dc-bus after transformation to achieve normal access to the branch bus.
通过每个路由器第一端口~路由器第五端口,直流母线与交流电网、发电设备(光伏电池、柴油机)、储能设备、用电负载之间的能量流动方式有4种,即能量从发电设备流入直流母线,能量从储能设备流向直流母线,能量从交流电网流向直流母线,能量从直流母线流出向负载供电、向储能设备充电、向交流电网回馈。Through the first port of each router to the fifth port of the router, there are four energy flow modes between the DC bus and the AC power grid, power generation equipment (photovoltaic cells, diesel engines), energy storage equipment, and electrical loads. The energy flows into the DC bus, the energy flows from the energy storage device to the DC bus, the energy flows from the AC grid to the DC bus, and the energy flows out from the DC bus to supply power to the load, charge the energy storage device, and feed back to the AC grid.
所述的路由器第一端口1~路由器第五端口都含有控制器,其控制芯片是一个信息运算处理中心,选用FPGA与ARM两种微处理控制芯片,FPGA接收来自端口传感器采集电路采集到的端口电压、电流信号,接收直流母线传感器采集处理电路采集到的直流母线电压、电流信号,进行汇总后传送给ARM进行数据比较及运算,并接收ARM给出的运算结果产生控制信号,输出给端口开关驱动电路,控制路由端口中电力电子变换器的导通状态以及端口开关的闭合与断开,在FPGA微处理控制芯片与ARM微处理控制芯片之间存在交互信息流。The first port 1 of the router to the fifth port of the router all contain a controller, and its control chip is an information operation processing center. Two kinds of micro-processing control chips, FPGA and ARM, are selected, and the FPGA receives the port collected by the port sensor acquisition circuit. Voltage and current signals, receive the DC bus voltage and current signals collected by the DC bus sensor acquisition and processing circuit, summarize them and send them to ARM for data comparison and calculation, and receive the calculation results given by ARM to generate control signals and output them to the port switch The drive circuit controls the conduction state of the power electronic converter in the routing port and the closing and opening of the port switch, and there is an interactive information flow between the FPGA micro-processing control chip and the ARM micro-processing control chip.
如图2所示,控制芯片通过通讯电路,即是控制器局域网总线CAN可实现各端口的实时信息互通,实时监测各路由端口的电压电流是否正常,路由器第一端口中的控制器为主控制器,其控制芯片可通过总线CAN完成对路由器第二端口~路由器第五端口的子控制器1-4的控制,实现信息的双向流动。As shown in Figure 2, the control chip can realize the real-time information exchange of each port through the communication circuit, that is, the controller LAN bus CAN, and monitor whether the voltage and current of each routing port are normal in real time. The controller in the first port of the router is the main control Its control chip can complete the control of the sub-controllers 1-4 of the second port of the router to the fifth port of the router through the CAN bus, so as to realize the bidirectional flow of information.
通过控制芯片进行能量控制,并网设备、发电设备(光伏电池、柴油机)、储能设备和家用电交流负载五大模块接入能量路由端口,控制各个模块通过直流母线实现能量的多向流动。Energy control is performed through the control chip, and the five modules of grid-connected equipment, power generation equipment (photovoltaic cells, diesel engines), energy storage equipment, and household AC loads are connected to the energy routing port, and each module is controlled to achieve multi-directional flow of energy through the DC bus.
所述路由器第一端口连接交流电网时,能量路由器工作在并网模式下,此时柴油机发电机不接入直流母线,仅当交流电网故障,能量路由器处于孤岛模式下并且光伏电池发出的总功率及蓄电池能够提供的功率的总合无法满足用电总负载时,柴油发电机接入直流母线;When the first port of the router is connected to the AC grid, the energy router works in the grid-connected mode. At this time, the diesel engine generator is not connected to the DC bus. Only when the AC grid fails, the energy router is in the island mode and the total power generated by the photovoltaic cells When the total power provided by the battery and the battery cannot meet the total load of electricity, the diesel generator is connected to the DC bus;
并网模式下又分为两种情况:There are two situations in grid-connected mode:
1)光伏电池所发功率足够为用电负载提供能量,如果功率有剩余,则能量路由器将剩下能量存储在蓄电池中,若还有盈余,则回馈给交流电网;1) The power generated by the photovoltaic cell is enough to provide energy for the load. If there is surplus power, the energy router will store the remaining energy in the battery, and if there is surplus, it will feed back to the AC grid;
2)光伏电池所发功率不足为用电负载供能,且蓄电池也无法补充差额功率,则交流电网向直流母线供电,将能量送往用电负载。2) The power generated by the photovoltaic cell is insufficient to supply energy to the load, and the battery cannot supplement the power difference, so the AC grid supplies power to the DC bus and sends the energy to the load.
如图3所示,并网模式下的工作流程为:As shown in Figure 3, the workflow in grid-connected mode is:
通过数据采集,控制芯片对路由器第一端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断;当满足接入直流母线条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,控制芯片向端口开关驱动电路发出控制信号,使得路由器第一端口开关闭合,进入并网模式;控制芯片对路由器第二端口、路由器第三端口、路由器第五端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断;当满足接入直流母线条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,控制芯片向端口开关驱动电路发出控制信号,使得路由端口开关闭合,将光伏电池、蓄电池和家用交流电负载接入直流母线,通过端口传感器采集处理电路采集各路由端口的电压、电流信号,控制芯片对接入直流母线的光伏电池所发总功率Ppv与家用电总负载PL进行功率计算,然后比较Ppv与家用电负载PL的大小,当PL≦Ppv时,光伏电池向用电负载供能;同时,若有盈余的能量,则向蓄电池充电,继续检测光伏电池所接入的路由器第二端口的输出功率是否还有盈余,若仍有盈余,则将剩余能量回馈通过路由器第一端口回馈至交流电网。当PL>Ppv时,首先检测路由器第三端口所接的蓄电池的储能Pbat能否足够补充功率缺额,若Pbat≥|PL-Ppv|,则能够补充,向用电负载补充剩余的能量缺额;若Pbat<|PL-Ppv|,则不能补充,则向交流微网索取能量来补充功率缺额,交流微网通过路由器第一端口给家用电负载供能。Through data collection, the control chip matches and judges the voltage of the first port of the router and the DC bus voltage; when the condition Udcin =Udc -bus for accessing the DC bus is met, the control chip sends a control signal to the port switch drive circuit, so that the router The first port switch is closed and enters the grid-connected mode; the control chip matches and judges the voltage of the second port of the router, the third port of the router, and the fifth port of the router with the DC bus voltage; when the condition of connecting to the DC bus is satisfied U dcin = U dc -bus , the control chip sends a control signal to the port switch drive circuit, so that the routing port switch is closed, and the photovoltaic cells, storage batteries and household AC loads are connected to the DC bus, and the voltage and current signals of each routing port are collected through the port sensor acquisition and processing circuit , the control chip calculates the total power P pv generated by the photovoltaic cells connected to the DC bus and the total household load PL, and then compares P pv with the household electrical load PL . When P L ≦ P pv , the photovoltaic cell supplies energy to the electric load; at the same time, if there is surplus energy, it will charge the battery, and continue to detect whether the output power of the second port of the router connected to the photovoltaic cell is surplus, if there is still surplus energy, it will The remaining energy is fed back to the AC grid through the first port of the router. When PL > P pv , first check whether the energy storage P bat of the battery connected to the third port of the router is sufficient to supplement the power shortage . Supplement the remaining energy deficit; if P bat <|P L -P pv |, it cannot be supplemented, then ask for energy from the AC micro-grid to supplement the power deficit, and the AC micro-grid supplies energy to household electrical loads through the first port of the router.
所述路由器第一端口连接交流电网故障时,交流电网不接入能量路由器,能量路由器工作在孤岛模式下。When the first port of the router is connected to the AC grid failure, the AC grid is not connected to the energy router, and the energy router works in an island mode.
如图4所示,孤岛模式下的工作流程为:As shown in Figure 4, the workflow in the island mode is:
通过数据采集,控制芯片对路由器第二端口、路由器第三端口、路由器第五端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断;当满足接入直流母线条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,控制芯片向端口开关驱动电路发出控制信号,使得路由端口开关闭合,将光伏电池、蓄电池和家用交流电负载接入直流母线,通过端口传感器采集处理电路采集各路由端口的电压、电流信号,控制芯片对接入直流母线的光伏电池所发总功率Ppv与家用电总负载PL进行功率计算,然后比较Ppv与家用电负载PL的大小,当PL≦Ppv时,光伏电池向用电负载供能;同时,若有盈余的能量,则向蓄电池充电,当PL>Ppv时,首先检测路由器第三端口所接的蓄电池的储能Pbat能否足够补充功率缺额,若Pbat≥|PL-Ppv|,则能够补充,向用电负载补充剩余的能量缺额;若Pbat<|PL-Ppv|,则蓄电池无法补充,则控制芯片对路由器第四端口的电压与直流母线电压进行匹配判断,满足接入条件Udcin=Udc-bus时,通过路由端器第四口将柴油发电机连接至直流母线,由柴油发电机补足能量缺额,向家用负载供能。Through data acquisition, the control chip matches and judges the voltage of the second port of the router, the third port of the router, and the fifth port of the router with the DC bus voltage ; The port switch driving circuit sends a control signal to close the routing port switch, connect the photovoltaic battery, storage battery and household AC load to the DC bus, collect the voltage and current signals of each routing port through the port sensor acquisition and processing circuit, and control the chip to connect to the DC bus. The total power P pv generated by the photovoltaic cells of the busbar is calculated with the total household load PL, and then the size of P pv and the household load PL is compared . When P L ≦ Ppv, the photovoltaic cells supply energy to the load ; At the same time, if there is surplus energy, charge the battery. When P L >P pv , first check whether the energy storage P bat of the battery connected to the third port of the router is sufficient to supplement the power shortage, if P bat ≥|P L -P pv |, it can supplement the remaining energy deficit to the electric load; if P bat <|P L -P pv |, the battery cannot be supplemented, and the control chip will control the voltage of the fourth port of the router and the DC bus The voltage is matched and judged, and when the access condition U dcin = U dc-bus is met, the diesel generator is connected to the DC bus through the fourth port of the router, and the diesel generator makes up for the energy gap and supplies energy to the household load.
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