CN107749519B - Circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linear polarization inclination angle based on liquid metal - Google Patents
Circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linear polarization inclination angle based on liquid metal Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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Abstract
The invention relates to a circular parasitic patch antenna with a linearly polarized inclination angle continuously adjustable based on liquid metal, which comprises a metal floor (1), a medium substrate (2), a radiation patch (3), an insulator supporting structure (4), a liquid metal micro-channel (5), a director (6), a coaxial cable SMA connector (7), a liquid metal inlet (8) and an insulating liquid and conductive liquid metal strip (9) in the liquid metal micro-channel (5); the feed probe can adopt a standard SMA joint or a semi-rigid coaxial cable connected with the SMA joint, and the antenna adopts a center feed method; the radiation patch (3) consists of a circular main radiation patch (3a) and an annular parasitic patch (3b), and a better radiation mode can be excited by optimizing the structural size of the radiation patch, so that good matching performance and a radiation pattern are obtained; the liquid metal runner (5) is composed of an annular gap between the main radiating patch (3a) and the parasitic patch (3b) and an insulator supporting structure (4); the inclination angle of the linear polarization is determined by the central position of the fixed length liquid metal strip in the liquid metal flow channel (5).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reconfigurable antennas, in particular to a circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized inclination angle based on liquid metal.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, a communication system has the characteristics of multiple frequency bands, multiple polarizations and the like, the system capacity requirement is higher and higher, the number of required antennas is increased, and the characteristics and the cost of the system are extremely disadvantageous, so that high requirements are put forward on the antenna design. The implementation of reconfigurable antennas is an effective way to solve such problems. The polarization reconfigurable antenna can realize the change of the polarization state under the premise of not increasing the number of the antennas, thereby effectively eliminating the influence of multipath fading of a communication system, improving the performance of the communication system and achieving the aim of saving energy. In addition, the requirement for small size, light weight and low cost of the antenna makes the patch antenna a focus of research. At present, a lot of design researches are carried out on a polarized reconfigurable patch antenna, wherein reconfiguration of a polarization state is realized by a method of adding or controlling a perturbation element, and the reconfiguration comprises corner cutting of the patch, slotting of a corresponding position on the ground and the like; also, a multiport feeding method is used. This type of antenna is mostly based on PIN diode control, by changing the distribution of surface currents or changing the feed structure, thereby achieving the switching of polarization. This approach seems to have its own advantages, such as fast adjustment speed, low cost, etc., but the linearity cannot be guaranteed, the number of electronic devices is large, and more complicated biasing circuits are required for adjusting more polarization states. In addition, the polarization reconfigurable patch antenna controlled by the PIN diode can only realize the switching between polarization states and cannot be continuously adjusted. There is therefore a need for a more efficient way of achieving polarization reconfiguration.
In 2015, Satish k, Sharma et al studied a circularly patch antenna with reconfigurable polarization, the antenna using two feed ports and four varactors between the circular patch and concentric rings, the diodes being controlled by a feed network. Thereby realizing the switching of the state. The two diodes are divided into a group, and when one port feeds power, the two diodes in different groups can respectively provide horizontal polarization and vertical polarization; left/right hand circular polarization is achieved by using four varactors simultaneously with two feed ports with + -90 degree phase shift. Although the antenna can realize polarization reconfigurable design, the antenna can only be switched in a plurality of polarization states, and continuous adjustment of polarization cannot be realized. But also requires complex control circuitry and more electronics and dual feed ports. When the polarization state that needs to realize is more, feed network can be more complicated.
Therefore, it is of great practical significance to design an antenna with continuously adjustable polarization and without a bias circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a linear polarization inclination angle continuously adjustable circular parasitic patch antenna based on liquid metal, which does not need an additional biasing circuit, and has the advantages of continuously adjustable polarization, small volume, light weight, low cost and simple realization.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized inclination angle based on liquid metal comprises a metal floor, a medium substrate, a radiation patch, an insulator supporting structure, a liquid metal micro-channel, a director, a coaxial cable SMA connector and insulating liquid and a conductive liquid metal strip in the liquid metal micro-channel; the radiation patch comprises a circular main radiation patch and an annular parasitic patch, an annular gap with the width of 1mm is arranged between the circular main radiation patch and the annular parasitic patch, the insulator supporting structure is bonded with the radiation patch below through glue, an annular flow channel is carved on the insulator supporting structure, and the insulator supporting structure and the annular gap between the circular main radiation patch and the annular parasitic patch form a micro flow channel of liquid metal; liquid metal flows into the micro-channel through the liquid metal inlet, and due to the polarization symmetry, the polarization inclination angle can be continuously changed within the range of 360 degrees only by adjusting the fixed liquid metal strip within the semi-circumference of the micro-channel; the inner conductor of the coaxial cable passes through the dielectric substrate to be connected with the main radiation patch, and the outer conductor is connected with the metal floor and adopts center feed; the middle part of the insulator supporting structure is provided with a circular gap, so that the welding of the coaxial line inner conductor and the main radiation patch is facilitated; above the insulator support structure is a metal guide.
In the radiation patches, a circular main radiation patch is circular, and the diameter of the circular main radiation patch is 1/8-1/7 of the working frequency corresponding to the wavelength of free space; the parasitic patch is a circular ring, the inner diameter of the parasitic patch is 1/6-1/5 corresponding to the free space wavelength, and the outer diameter of the parasitic patch is 1/3-1/2 corresponding to the free space wavelength.
The dielectric substrate is made of a typical PCB (printed circuit board) material, is circular in shape, and has a diameter corresponding to 1/2-1 of the wavelength of free space.
The metal floor is circular, made of copper, has the same diameter as the dielectric substrate, and has the diameter of 1/2-1 corresponding to the wavelength of free space.
Wherein, in the insulator supporting structure, an annular flow channel is carved, and the liquid metal micro-flow channel is composed of an annular gap between a circular main radiation patch and an annular parasitic patch on a medium substrate and an annular flow channel structure in the insulator supporting structureAnd (4) obtaining. The cross-sectional shape of the liquid metal microchannel may be rectangular, semicircular, semi-elliptical, etc. The cross-sectional area of the liquid metal micro-channel is 0.2mm2~4mm2In the meantime. The diameter of the insulator support structure corresponds to 1/4-1/3 of the free space wavelength.
The liquid metal runner is filled with liquid metal strips with fixed length, the length of the liquid metal strips is 1/6 about the circumference of the runner, meanwhile, liquid insulating materials are filled on two sides of the liquid metal strips, and the linear polarization inclination angle is determined by the central position of the liquid metal strips with fixed length.
Wherein, the director is made of copper, the diameter is 21.4, and the thickness is 1 mm.
The insulator supporting structure can be made of insulating materials such as acrylic, organic glass, glass and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Wherein, in the micro-channel, the liquid insulating material can be a material with good liquid insulating property, such as liquid polytetrafluoroethylene.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized inclination angle based on liquid metal, which changes the short circuit positions of a circular main radiating patch 3a and an annular parasitic patch 3b in a radiating patch 3 by adjusting the position of a liquid metal strip in a micro-channel, and changes the direction of surface current due to the change of the structure of the radiating patch 3, thereby changing the polarization direction of linear polarization. The antenna structure comprises a metal floor 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a radiation patch 3, an insulator supporting structure 4, a liquid metal micro-channel 5, a director 6, a coaxial cable SMA connector 7 and insulating liquid and a conductive liquid metal strip in the liquid metal micro-channel 5. The radiating patches adopt a circular main radiating patch and a concentric ring parasitic patch, and a gap between the radiating patches is 1mm, so that when the width of the gap is reduced, the resonant frequency of the antenna is influenced to move to a low frequency. In order to improve the directional direction of an antenna directional diagram, reasonable radiation patch sizes are selected, the outer diameter of a parasitic patch is 1/3-1/2 corresponding to the free space wavelength, the diameter of a main radiation patch corresponds to 1/8-1/7 of the working frequency corresponding to the free space wavelength, and the antenna is excited to have a good mode. Meanwhile, when the size of the patch becomes large, the surface current path becomes long and the resonance frequency will shift to a low frequency. In order to obtain better impedance matching performance, a director is introduced above an antenna, the resonant frequency shifts to a low frequency when the size is increased, the matching performance has an optimal value when the size is about 1mm different from that of a parasitic patch, in addition, the height of the director from a radiating patch can also influence the frequency offset, and the resonant frequency shifts to a high frequency when the height is increased. The liquid metal strip is about 1/6 the length of the channel perimeter, which facilitates adjustment to achieve more polarization tilt angles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) in order to meet the requirement of a multi-polarization function of a communication system, the liquid metal is introduced, and the continuous adjustment of the polarization inclination angle of the linear polarization antenna is realized by continuously adjusting the liquid metal, so that the polarization reconfigurable antenna has obvious advantages compared with the prior polarization reconfigurable antenna which only can realize polarization state switching.
(2) The invention can realize the reconfigurable performance of polarization by introducing the liquid metal without the number of a plurality of electronic devices and a complex feed network. Most of the existing polarization reconfigurable technologies need to realize polarization reconfigurable through a diode and a complex biasing circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a continuously adjustable patch antenna structure with linearly polarized tilt angle based on liquid metal according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a radiation patch and a dielectric plate in the antenna structure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dielectric support material in the present antenna structure;
wherein the reference numerals in the figures have the meaning: the metal floor board 1, the medium substrate 2, the radiation patch 3, the circular main radiation patch 3a, the annular parasitic patch 3b, the insulator supporting structure 4, the liquid metal microchannel 5, the director 6, the coaxial cable SMA connector 7, the liquid metal inlet 8 and the liquid metal strip 9.
Detailed Description
The concept of the invention is as follows: according to the invention, according to the better radiation pattern and matching performance of the patch antenna, the antenna is excited to form a good mode by reasonably designing the size of the radiation patch, so that the radiation pattern with good performance is obtained. And then parameters such as a gap between the main radiation patch and the parasitic patch, the height and the size of the director and the like are adjusted, the influence of the parameters on the resonant frequency is determined, the overall parameters are optimally designed, so that the directional diagram has good matching performance on the premise of ensuring the performance of the directional diagram, and the resonant frequency is designed to be shifted to the expected working frequency band.
According to the concept of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized inclination angle based on liquid metal comprises a metal floor 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a radiation patch 3, an insulator supporting structure 4, a liquid metal micro-channel 5, a director 6, a coaxial cable SMA connector 7, a liquid metal inlet 8, and insulating liquid and a conductive liquid metal strip 9 in the liquid metal micro-channel 5; the radiation patch 3 comprises a circular main radiation patch 3a and an annular parasitic patch 3b, an annular gap with the width of 1mm is arranged between the circular main radiation patch 3a and the annular parasitic patch 3b, the insulator supporting structure 4 is bonded with the radiation patch 3 below through glue, an annular flow channel is carved on the insulator supporting structure 4, and the annular gap between the circular main radiation patch 3a and the annular parasitic patch 3b forms a micro flow channel of liquid metal; liquid metal flows into the micro-channel through the liquid metal inlet, and due to the polarization symmetry, the polarization inclination angle can be continuously changed within a range of 360 degrees only by adjusting the fixed liquid metal strip within the semi-circumference of the micro-channel, and the polarization direction of linear polarization is parallel to the connecting line of the center of the radiation patch 3 and the center of the conductive liquid metal strip 9; the inner conductor of the coaxial cable passes through the dielectric plate 2 to be connected with the circular main radiation patch 3a, and the outer conductor is connected with the metal floor 1 by adopting center feed; the middle part of the insulator supporting structure 4 is provided with a circular gap, which is convenient for welding the coaxial line inner conductor and the circular main radiation patch 3 a; above the insulator support structure 4 is a metal guide.
In the radiation patches 3, the circular main radiation patches 3a are circular, and the diameters of the circular main radiation patches are 1/8-1/7 of working frequencies corresponding to free space wavelengths; the annular parasitic patch 3b is a circular ring, the inner diameter of the annular parasitic patch is 1/6-1/5 corresponding to the free space wavelength, and the outer diameter of the annular parasitic patch is 1/3-1/2 corresponding to the free space wavelength.
In the dielectric substrate 2, a typical PCB (printed circuit board) material is adopted, the shape is circular, and the diameter is 1/2-1 corresponding to the wavelength of free space.
The metal floor 1 is circular, made of copper, has the same diameter as the dielectric substrate 2, and has the diameter of 1/2-1 corresponding to the wavelength of free space.
The insulator supporting structure 4 is engraved with an annular flow channel, the liquid metal micro flow channel 5 is composed of an annular gap between a circular main radiation patch 3a and an annular parasitic patch 3b on the dielectric substrate 2 and the annular flow channel in the insulator supporting structure 4, the cross section of the liquid metal micro flow channel 5 can be rectangular, semicircular or semielliptical, and the cross section area of the liquid metal micro flow channel 5 is 0.2mm2~4mm2The diameter of the insulator support structure corresponds to 1/4-1/3 of the free space wavelength.
The liquid metal micro flow channel 5 is filled with a liquid metal strip with a fixed length, the length of the liquid metal strip is 1/6 of the perimeter of the flow channel, meanwhile, liquid insulating materials are filled on two sides of the liquid metal strip, and the linear polarization inclination angle is determined by the central position of the liquid metal strip with the fixed length.
The guiding device 6 is made of copper, the diameter of the guiding device is 21.4, and the thickness of the guiding device is 1 mm.
The insulator support structure 4 may be acrylic, plexiglass, glass, teflon insulating material.
The liquid insulating material in the microchannel may be a material having good liquid insulating properties of liquid polytetrafluoroethylene.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
firstly, the working frequency of the antenna is determined, the resonant frequency is mainly determined by the outer diameter of the parasitic patch, the resonant frequency is 1/3-1/2 of the free space wavelength, the corresponding selected frequency is 5.2GHz, the outer diameter of the patch is 23mm, the diameter of the circular main radiating patch of the antenna is designed to be 1/8-1/7 of the working frequency corresponding to the free space wavelength, and 8mm is selected through optimization. The patch thickness was 0.018 mm.
The insulator supporting structure is made of acrylic, the diameter of the insulator supporting structure is 16mm, the height of the insulator supporting structure is 3mm, an annular flow channel with the width and the height of 1mm is carved, and the annular flow channel and an annular gap between the circular main radiation patch and the parasitic patch on the dielectric substrate form a liquid metal micro-flow channel.
The length of the liquid metal strip is about 1/6 of the perimeter of the annular micro-channel, and liquid polytetrafluoroethylene which is liquid insulating material is filled on two sides of the liquid metal strip.
A metal director is arranged above the insulator supporting structure, the metal director is made of copper, the diameter of the metal director corresponds to 1/3-1/2 of free space wavelength and is 21.4, and the thickness of the metal director is 1 mm. The director mainly improves the radiation pattern performance and the matching performance of the antenna, and the good radiation mode can be excited by optimizing the sizes of the director and the radiation patch, so that the antenna can work well at the frequency required by people.
The dielectric substrate is RO4350B with a diameter of 40mm, a reasonable wavelength, and a thickness of 60 mil.
The invention relates to a linear polarization inclination angle continuously adjustable patch antenna based on liquid metal, which realizes the continuous adjustment of the linear polarization inclination angle by adjusting the central position of a liquid metal strip in a micro-channel, thereby greatly avoiding energy loss. And electronic devices such as PIN diodes and complex feed networks are not required to be introduced. It can be used as array unit to realize any polarization state.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a circular parasitic patch antenna that linearly polarized inclination is adjustable in succession based on liquid metal which characterized in that: the antenna comprises a metal floor (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a radiation patch (3), an insulator supporting structure (4), a liquid metal micro-channel (5), a director (6), a coaxial cable SMA connector (7), a liquid metal inlet (8) and insulating liquid and a conductive liquid metal strip (9) in the liquid metal micro-channel (5); the radiation patch (3) comprises a circular main radiation patch (3a) and an annular parasitic patch (3b), an annular gap with the width of 1mm is arranged between the circular main radiation patch and the annular parasitic patch, the insulator supporting structure (4) is bonded with the radiation patch (3) below through glue, an annular flow channel is carved on the insulator supporting structure (4), and the annular gap between the circular main radiation patch (3a) and the annular parasitic patch (3b) forms a micro-flow channel of liquid metal; liquid metal flows into the micro-channel through the liquid metal inlet, and due to polarization symmetry, the polarization inclination angle can be continuously changed within a range of 360 degrees only by adjusting the fixed liquid metal strip within the semi-circumference of the micro-channel, and the polarization direction of linear polarization is parallel to the connecting line of the center of the radiation patch (3) and the center of the conductive liquid metal strip (9); the inner conductor of the coaxial cable passes through the dielectric substrate (2) and is connected with the circular main radiating patch (3a), and the outer conductor is connected with the metal floor (1) and adopts center feed; the middle part of the insulator supporting structure (4) is provided with a circular gap, so that the welding between the coaxial line inner conductor and the circular main radiation patch (3a) is convenient; above the insulator support structure (4) is a metal director;
in the radiation patches (3), the circular main radiation patch (3a) is circular, and the diameter of the circular main radiation patch is 1/8-1/7 of the working frequency corresponding to the wavelength of free space; the annular parasitic patch (3b) is a circular ring, the inner diameter of the annular parasitic patch is 1/6-1/5 corresponding to free space wavelength, and the outer diameter of the annular parasitic patch is 1/3-1/2 corresponding to free space wavelength;
the dielectric substrate (2) is made of a PCB (printed circuit board) material, the shape is circular, and the diameter of the dielectric substrate is 1/2-1 corresponding to the wavelength of free space;
the metal floor (1) is circular, made of copper, has the same diameter as the dielectric substrate (2), and has the diameter of 1/2-1 corresponding to the wavelength of free space;
the insulator supporting structure (4) is internally provided with an engraved annular flow channel, the liquid metal micro flow channel (5) is formed by an annular gap between a circular main radiation patch (3a) and an annular parasitic patch (3b) on the dielectric substrate (2) and the annular flow channel in the insulator supporting structure (4), the cross section of the liquid metal micro flow channel (5) is rectangular, semicircular or semi-elliptical, and the cross section area of the liquid metal micro flow channel (5) is 0.2mm2~4mm2The diameter of the insulator supporting structure corresponds to 1/4-1/3 of the free space wavelength;
the liquid metal micro-channel (5) is filled with a liquid metal strip with fixed length, the length of the liquid metal strip is 1/6 of the circumference of the channel, meanwhile, liquid insulating materials are filled on two sides of the liquid metal strip, and the linear polarization inclination angle is determined by the central position of the liquid metal strip with fixed length.
2. The circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized tilt angle based on liquid metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the director (6) is made of copper, has a diameter of 21.4 and a thickness of 1 mm.
3. The liquid metal-based circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized tilt angle of claim 1, wherein: the insulator supporting structure (4) is any one of acrylic, organic glass, glass and polytetrafluoroethylene insulating materials.
4. The liquid metal-based circular parasitic patch antenna with continuously adjustable linearly polarized tilt angle of claim 1, wherein: the liquid insulating material in the micro-channel is a material with good liquid insulating property of liquid polytetrafluoroethylene.
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| CN109638426B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-04-27 | 南京邮电大学 | Circularly polarized antenna based on gravity field regulation and control liquid metal |
| CN109888493B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-04-07 | 南京理工大学 | Single-frequency beam scanning antenna based on liquid metal |
| CN111262017B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2022-03-29 | 大连海事大学 | Broad axial ratio beam antenna for inhibiting backward cross polarization |
| CN112448159B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-08-11 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Display module, display device and manufacturing method |
| CN113972480B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-05-31 | 电子科技大学 | Liquid metal reconfigurable array antenna based on two-dimensional stretchable flexible cavity |
| CN116960609B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2024-06-14 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency and polarization reconfigurable micro-fluidic antenna |
| CN117673714B (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-06-04 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency and pattern reconfigurable micro-fluidic antenna |
| CN117525878B (en) * | 2023-12-22 | 2024-06-21 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency-reconfigurable microfluidic MIMO antenna |
| CN117954865B (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-06-11 | 成都辰星迅联科技有限公司 | Linear/circular polarization reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal |
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| CN105186116A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-12-23 | 广东顺德中山大学卡内基梅隆大学国际联合研究院 | Wideband monopole microstrip antenna |
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| WO2012092505A1 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Syscom Advanced Materials | Metal and metallized fiber hybrid wire |
| CN102760941B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2015-11-18 | 深圳光启高等理工研究院 | A kind of radiofrequency antenna made of metamaterial with multi layer substrate and preparation method thereof |
| WO2013106106A2 (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2013-07-18 | Utah State University | Reconfigurable antennas utilizing parasitic pixel layers |
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| CN105186116A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-12-23 | 广东顺德中山大学卡内基梅隆大学国际联合研究院 | Wideband monopole microstrip antenna |
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