CN107748273B - Pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device and method based on pipe flow test loop - Google Patents
Pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device and method based on pipe flow test loop Download PDFInfo
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- CN107748273B CN107748273B CN201710908082.3A CN201710908082A CN107748273B CN 107748273 B CN107748273 B CN 107748273B CN 201710908082 A CN201710908082 A CN 201710908082A CN 107748273 B CN107748273 B CN 107748273B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
- G01P5/245—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves
Abstract
The invention relates to a pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device and method based on a pipe flow test loop. The testing device comprises a pipe flow test loop device, an ultrasonic speed testing device and a computing device, wherein the pipe flow test loop device comprises a test pipeline system, a data acquisition system and a water bath circulating system, and the three parts cooperatively run to jointly complete the simulation of different running conditions of the pipeline. The test method comprises the following steps: measuring a viscosity-temperature curve of the viscosity of the oil product along with the change of the temperature and determining an abnormal point; determining the on-way temperature distribution and the residual pressure distribution of the pipeline between stations, and segmenting the pipeline between stations; simulating the operation condition of an actual pipeline by utilizing an indoor pipe flow loop test device based on the principle that the energy dissipation rates of fluid in unit volume are equal; measuring the ultrasonic speed under a simulation working condition by using an ultrasonic speed testing device, and establishing an ultrasonic speed database under an actual pipeline operation working condition; and determining the sound velocity of each segmented pipeline, and calculating the pressure wave velocity of each segmented pipeline by combining the pipeline parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pipeline transportation of crude oil and finished oil products, and particularly relates to a testing device and method for determining the linear pressure wave velocity of a pipeline based on an indoor pipe flow test loop.
Background
The pressure wave transmission speed, called pressure wave speed for short, is one of the most sensitive and important parameters in the pipeline transportation of crude oil or finished oil and the transient dynamic characteristic analysis. The pressure wave velocity of a crude oil pipeline is influenced by various factors, such as the physical properties of the fluid, such as pressure, temperature, gas content and the like, and the geometric parameters of the pipeline, the mechanical properties of materials, the supporting way of a structure and the like. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately measure the pressure wave velocity of the pipe in the prior art.
Currently, the pressure wave velocity is mainly determined by direct measurement. The direct measurement method is to measure the pressure pulsation value of a certain pipe section of the pipeline in real time by using a pressure sensor and calculate the pressure wave velocity by determining the transmission time or the resonant frequency. Among the direct measurement methods, the most widely used are the resonant frequency measurement method and the time-difference domain measurement method; the resonance frequency measurement method is that three pulsation pressure sensors with determined positions are used for measuring pulsation pressure values of three sections in a pipeline system, and the transmission speed of pressure waves is calculated by determining resonance frequency; the time-difference domain measurement method is that two pulsating pressure sensors with a known distance L are used for measuring pressure waves of pressure pulsation at some point upstream or downstream, the time difference delta t of the pressure waves transmitted by the two pressure sensors is measured, and finally the pressure wave speed is calculated according to the distance L between the two pressure sensors and the propagation time interval delta t of the pressure waves.
The direct measurement of the pressure wave velocity has the advantage of being simple and easy to implement. However, since the pressure wave velocity is relatively fast, a certain distance is required between the two pressure sensors, so that the calculated pressure wave velocity is an average value of the propagation velocity of the pressure wave in a certain length of the pipe section between the two pressure sensors. In some cases, there may be gas spaces at some positions along the pipeline, for example, after the hot oil pipeline is stopped, the temperature of the oil in the pipeline decreases, the volume of the oil shrinks, and bubble regions or even air resistance may be formed at some high points or some local positions at the top end along the pipeline; in this case, the pressure wave velocity value measured by the pressure wave velocity direct measurement method has a serious error, and the actual condition of pressure wave transmission cannot be reflected.
In practical engineering, the change of fluid properties in the pipeline, the structural material and thickness of the pipeline, and the difference of the supporting mode thereof all cause the change of the corresponding pressure wave velocity. In addition, for wax-containing crude oil and thick oil, heating transportation is generally adopted due to poor fluidity at normal temperature. For a hot oil pipeline for heating and conveying, crude oil is heated to a certain temperature in a heating station and then is discharged, and the temperature of the oil product is continuously reduced in the process of flowing to the next heating station along the pipeline; therefore, an axial temperature drop exists between the front heating station and the rear heating station, and the axial temperature drop curve is an exponential curve. Some hot oil pipelines, pour point depressant adding conveying pipelines and thick oil pipelines, and the temperature difference of oil products along the pipelines can reach more than 40 ℃. For the wax-containing crude oil, as the temperature of the oil product is reduced, wax is gradually crystallized and separated out, wax crystal small particles are formed and suspended in the crude oil, and the viscosity of the crude oil is increased; the temperature continues to decrease, the crude oil gels, and non-Newtonian fluid rheological behaviors such as shear thinning property, thixotropy, viscoelasticity and the like are shown. The pressure wave velocity of oil in the pipeline is increased along with the increase of pressure, is reduced along with the increase of temperature, and is increased along with the increase of structural strength. In this case, the pressure wave velocity value measured by the direct pressure wave velocity measurement method cannot reflect the actual condition of pressure wave transmission at each point along the pipeline.
In view of the above, there is no effective solution to the practical problem of determining the velocity of pressure wave propagation at different locations along the crude or product oil pipeline in the prior art. Due to the difficulties in theory and experiment, the pressure wave velocity is always constant in the engineering application of the hot oil pipeline at home and abroad at present. In applications such as computer dynamic simulation, transient flow analysis of pipelines, leakage detection of pipelines (negative pressure wave method and pressure wave method), and the like, the processing often brings large errors. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a new testing method for determining the pressure wave velocity at different positions (different temperatures and different pressures) along the crude oil pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a testing device and a method thereof for determining pressure wave velocities at different positions along a pipeline (crude oil or product oil) based on an indoor pipe flow test loop. The method specifically comprises the steps of simulating the operation conditions (different temperatures and different pressures) of an actual pipeline by utilizing an indoor pipe flow test loop testing device based on the principle that the energy dissipation ratios of fluid in unit volume are equal, testing the ultrasonic velocity under the simulation conditions, and calculating and determining the pressure wave velocity at different positions along the pipeline.
The invention provides a pipeline pressure wave speed testing device based on a pipe flow test loop.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device based on a pipe flow test loop comprises:
(1) pipe flow loop test device. The pipe flow loop test device comprises a test loop system, a water bath circulation system and a data acquisition system. The test loop system is arranged in the water bath circulation system, and realizes temperature control of oil products in the test pipe section, such as constant temperature, temperature rise, temperature reduction and the like.
(2) Ultrasonic wave speed testing arrangement. The ultrasonic velocity testing device is connected with the test loop system and used for acquiring ultrasonic signals at different positions of the test loop system and calculating to obtain ultrasonic velocities under different operating conditions.
(3) A computing device. And the calculating device is connected with the ultrasonic velocity testing device and used for calculating the pressure wave velocity of the pipeline according to the acquired ultrasonic velocity, the medium property and the pipeline property by using a corresponding formula.
In the invention, the test loop system, the water bath circulation system and the data acquisition system in the pipe flow loop test device cooperatively operate to jointly complete the simulation of different operation conditions of an actual crude oil pipeline; the water bath circulating system ensures that the elasticity and the deformation characteristics of the test pipeline in the test loop system are not influenced; the data acquisition system acquires and monitors the change of each parameter of the test loop system under different operating conditions in real time, and selects a specific data acquisition frequency to store data according to test requirements, so that the accuracy of the test loop system for simulating different operating conditions of the actual crude oil pipeline is ensured.
As a further preferred scheme, the test loop system comprises a test loop, an oil storage tank, a pump, a buffer tank, a flow meter, a plurality of valves and the like. The test loop is made of stainless steel tubes, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the wall thickness of the tubes is less than 20. The test loop comprises a test pipe section and a non-test pipe section, and the whole test pipe section is immersed in the water bath circulation system; the non-test pipe section is sequentially connected with the oil storage tank, the pump, the buffer tank and the flowmeter, the commercial water bath circulator and the seamless winding fine copper pipe are adopted for forming a water circulation for temperature control, and the heat insulation material is wound outside the fine copper pipe. The oil storage tank both ends with all set up a valve on the pipeline that non-test tube section is connected, the buffer tank with set up a valve on the pipeline that non-test tube section is connected.
As a further preferred scheme, a heat-insulating layer is arranged outside the oil storage tank, and a heating device is arranged inside the oil storage tank; the pump is a peristaltic pump. In the invention, the oil storage tank is externally provided with a heat-insulating layer so as to effectively insulate the oil in the oil storage tank; the oil storage tank is internally provided with a heating device and a temperature sensor, and can control the constant temperature, the temperature rise or the temperature reduction of oil products in the tank. In order to reduce the influence of the over-pump shearing of oil products and the over-pump temperature rise on the rheological property of the low-temperature wax-containing crude oil to the maximum extent, the peristaltic pump is selected to provide power for the flow of the crude oil in the pipeline, and the flow in the pipeline can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency of the peristaltic pump.
As a further preferable scheme, the buffer tank comprises a buffer tank body, a pressure supply device and a plurality of valves. The buffer tank is characterized in that a heat preservation layer is arranged outside the buffer tank body, an oil spill emptying valve is arranged at the bottom of the buffer tank, and a gas release valve is arranged at the top of the buffer tank. The inside float that sets up of buffer tank body has installed displacement sensor in the buffer tank top, can accurate display buffer tank in the displacement of float, the position of real-time supervision float. And a vent valve is arranged between the buffer tank and the pressure supply device, the pressure supply device adopts a nitrogen tank, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged at the outlet of the nitrogen tank. In the invention, the buffer tank can reduce the pressure fluctuation in the operation process of the peristaltic pump on one hand, so that the oil product can stably run in the pipeline; alternatively, a buffer tank may be used to apply a certain constant pressure to the fluid in the tube.
As a further preferable scheme, the water bath circulating system is composed of a water bath, a spray pipe, a water circulating pipeline, a pipeline pump, a refrigerator, an adjusting valve and the like. The water bath is externally provided with a heat preservation layer to reduce heat loss, and a plurality of heaters are uniformly arranged in the water bath and can heat water in the water tank. Circulating water outlets of the water bath are arranged at two ends of the water bath and are connected with the water circulating pipeline; the pipeline pump is arranged on the water circulation pipeline to provide power for the water to form water circulation flow in the pipeline; the inlet and outlet pipelines of the pipeline pump are connected with the refrigerating machine, the inlet of the refrigerating machine is provided with an adjusting valve for adjusting the refrigerating capacity, and the refrigerating capacity is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the refrigerating machine and the adjusting valve at the inlet of the refrigerating machine. The refrigerated water is sprayed out through a plurality of spray pipes uniformly arranged in the water bath tank, so that the water in the water bath tank is fully mixed, and the temperature distribution tends to be uniform. In the invention, the effective control of the temperature in the water bath is realized through the combined action of the heating capacity of the heater and the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator in the water bath circulating system.
As a further preferred scheme, the data acquisition system comprises data acquisition of a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor and a displacement sensor. (1) The pressure sensors comprise a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are arranged on the test loop at intervals, the test loop is divided into a test pipe section and a non-test pipe section, the third pressure sensor is connected with the buffer tank, and the fourth pressure sensor is connected with the nitrogen tank; (2) the flow sensor is arranged on the test loop and used for monitoring the crude oil flow in the test loop; (3) the temperature sensor is arranged in the oil storage tank and used for monitoring the crude oil temperature in the oil storage tank; (4) the displacement sensor is arranged on the top of the buffer tank and used for monitoring the displacement of the floater in the buffer tank.
In the invention, the data acquisition system is also respectively connected with a display device and a storage device, the display device displays the acquired parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow, float displacement and the like in real time, and selects a specific data acquisition frequency to store data in the storage device according to the test requirement.
As a further preferred scheme, the ultrasonic velocity testing device comprises an ultrasonic probe, an oscilloscope and a signal generator, wherein a plurality of pairs of ultrasonic probes are installed at different positions of the test loop system, the ultrasonic probes are respectively connected with the signal generator, and the signal generator is connected with the oscilloscope.
As a further preferred scheme, several pairs of ultrasonic transmitting probes and receiving probes are horizontally installed at several different positions of the test pipe section of the test loop system, and the transmitting probes and the receiving probes are installed at 1/3 positions of the diameter of the inner wall of the pipeline, so that the distance between the transmitting probes and the receiving probes is 1/3 of the diameter. The ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are placed in such a way, so that the distance between the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe from the inner wall of the pipeline is the same as the distance between the two probes, and the propagation speed of the ultrasonic between the two probes is considered to be the sound velocity in an infinite medium. In addition, the inner wall of the pipeline can be waxed in the experimental operation process, and the transmitting probe and the receiving probe are placed in a way of being far away from the wax layer on the wall of the pipeline, so that the influence of the waxing on the test result can be avoided.
Secondly, the second purpose of the invention is to provide a pipeline pressure wave velocity testing method based on a pipe flow test loop, and the method is based on the pressure wave velocity testing device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the pressure wave velocity testing method adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) and measuring the viscosity of the oil product at different temperatures to obtain a viscosity-temperature curve of the viscosity of the oil product changing along with the temperature, and determining the abnormal point of the oil product.
(2) Carrying out thermal and hydraulic calculation on an actual pipeline, and determining the temperature distribution and the residual pressure (also called hydrodynamic pressure) distribution along the pipeline; and (3) segmenting the pipeline between stations, and calculating the average temperature, the average pressure and the energy dissipation rate of the fluid in unit volume of each segmented pipeline.
(3) The indoor pipe flow loop test device is utilized, and the operation condition of an actual pipeline is simulated based on the principle that the energy dissipation rate of fluid in unit volume is equal.
(4) An ultrasonic velocity testing device is used for testing ultrasonic velocity (namely sound velocity) under a simulation working condition, and an ultrasonic velocity database under an actual pipeline operation temperature interval, a pressure interval and a unit volume fluid energy dissipation rate interval is established.
(5) And determining the sound velocity of each segmented pipeline according to the ultrasonic velocity database, and calculating the pressure wave velocity of the pipeline according to the pipeline property of each pipeline by using a corresponding formula.
As a further preferred scheme, in the step (2), the concrete steps of obtaining the parameters of the actual crude oil or finished oil pipeline to perform thermal and hydraulic calculation and segmenting the pipeline are as follows:
(2-1) acquiring the pipeline output, the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of the heating station, the ground temperature of the center embedded position of the pipeline and the viscosity-temperature curve of the oil product of the actual crude oil pipeline, calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the actual crude oil pipeline reversely, and determining the temperature distribution of the oil product of the heating station;
(2-2) acquiring the outlet pressure of a pump station, calculating the on-way friction resistance of an actual crude oil pipeline according to the outlet pressure of the pump station, the pipeline output, the temperature distribution of oil products between heating stations and the viscosity-temperature curve of the oil products, and determining the residual pressure along the pipeline;
and (2-3) segmenting the pipeline between stations according to the operating temperature interval and the pressure interval of the pipeline. As a further preferable scheme, segmenting the pipeline between stations according to the actual operation temperature interval and pressure interval of the crude oil pipeline, preliminarily dividing the pipeline between stations according to the pressure drop of 1MPa of each segment and the temperature drop of 1 ℃ of each segment, finally dividing the pipeline according to the smaller pipeline segment after preliminary division, and calculating the arithmetic mean temperature, the arithmetic mean pressure and the fluid energy dissipation rate of unit volume of each segment of the pipeline after the pipeline is finally divided.
As a further preferable scheme, in the step (3), the concrete steps of simulating the actual operation condition of the pipeline by using the pipe flow loop test device are as follows:
(3-1) applying certain constant pressure to the fluid in the test loop by using a buffer tank to simulate the running pressure of an actual pipeline;
(3-2) regulating the temperature of the water bath by using a water bath circulation system, and simulating the running temperature of an actual pipeline;
(3-3) judging the temperature of the oil product and the size of an abnormal point; when the temperature of the oil product is higher than the abnormal point, the pipe flow test loop is not started, and the flow is 0; when the oil temperature is lower than the abnormal point, the flow of the pipe flow test loop is adjusted based on the principle that the energy dissipation rate of fluid in unit volume is equal, and the shearing condition of fluid in the pipe in the actual operation process of the pipe is simulated.
As a further preferable scheme, in the step (3), before the actual operation condition of the crude oil pipeline is simulated by using the pipe flow test loop at each time, the crude oil is placed in the oil storage tank, and the water bath circulation system and the heater in the oil storage tank are started to ensure that the temperature of the test loop is uniform and consistent with the temperature of the oil product in the oil storage tank.
As a further preferable scheme, in the step (4), before simulating an actual pipeline operation condition, calibrating an actual distance Δ L between the ultrasonic transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the ultrasonic velocity/pressure wave velocity testing device based on the pipe flow test loop for the first time. The calibration adopts a distilled water calibration method, and the specific steps are as follows: filling a test loop with distilled water, and controlling the test loop to a test temperature by using a water bath circulating system; measuring the propagation time delta t of the ultrasonic wave between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe at the test temperature to obtain the sound velocity v of the distilled water corresponding to the test temperatureWater (W)Propagation time Deltat and velocity of sound v of distilled waterWater (W)The product of the two is the distance delta L between the ultrasonic probes; thirdly, after the calibration is finished, the calibration is utilized and bufferedA nitrogen cylinder connected with the tank performs nitrogen purging on the test loop, and distilled water is discharged out of the pipeline and dries the pipeline.
As a further preferable scheme, in the step (5), the specific step of calculating the pressure wave speed according to the sound speed of each section of the pipeline and the pipeline property is as follows:
(5-1) determining the sound velocity of each divided small section of the pipeline according to the average temperature, the average pressure and the energy dissipation rate of the fluid in unit volume of each divided small section of the pipeline and an ultrasonic velocity database;
(5-2) determining the diameter, the wall thickness, the pipeline constraint mode, the elastic modulus and the Poisson coefficient of each section of the pipeline; and calculating to obtain the pressure wave velocity of each pipeline section after segmentation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device and method based on the pipe flow test loop, the pipe flow test loop is used for simulating the operation working conditions (different output, different temperature and different pressure) of an actual pipeline based on the principle that the energy dissipation rates of fluid in unit volume are equal, the ultrasonic wave velocity under the simulation working conditions is tested, the pressure wave velocity at different positions along the pipeline is calculated and determined, and the actual condition of pressure wave transmission at different positions of each point along the pipeline can be effectively reflected.
(2) The test pipe section adopts a water bath circulation system to control the temperature, and the whole test pipe section is immersed in the water bath, so that the elasticity and the deformation characteristics of the pipeline cannot be influenced, and the pressure wave velocity measured by the pressure sensor based on a time difference domain method cannot be influenced.
(3) The buffer tank is arranged at the outlet position of the peristaltic pump, so that on one hand, the pressure fluctuation in the operation process of the peristaltic pump can be reduced, and the oil product can stably run in the pipeline; alternatively, a buffer tank may be used to apply a certain constant pressure to the fluid in the tube.
(4) The bottom of the buffer tank is provided with an oil spill emptying valve, the top of the buffer tank is provided with a gas release valve, and a displacement sensor is installed above the buffer tank, so that the displacement of the floater in the buffer tank can be accurately displayed, and the position of the floater is monitored in real time.
(5) Water at several different positions of the test pipe sectionA plurality of pairs of ultrasonic transmitting probes and ultrasonic receiving probes are arranged in the horizontal direction. Measuring the ultrasonic velocities at a plurality of different positions, mutually verifying the ultrasonic velocities, and taking the average value of the final result; the pressure wave velocity a of the test pipe section can be calculated by combining the attribute of the test pipe section and the formula (2)1. The velocity a of the pressure wave1And by means of a pressure sensor P1And P2Pressure wave velocity a measured by time difference domain method2And comparing and mutually verifying.
(6) The ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are both installed at the position 1/3 which is equal to the diameter of the inner wall of the pipeline, so the distance between the transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe is also 1/3 equal to the diameter. The ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are placed in such a way that the distance between the transmitting probe and the inner wall of the pipeline is the same as the distance between the two probes, and the propagation speed of the ultrasonic between the two probes is the ultrasonic speed in an infinite medium. In addition, the inner wall of the pipeline can be waxed in the experimental operation process, and the transmitting probe and the receiving probe are placed in a way of being far away from the wax layer on the wall of the pipeline, so that the influence of the waxing on the test result can be avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pipe flow test loop-based pressure wave velocity testing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the surge tank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the water bath circulation system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the preferred embodiments of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
In order to solve the problems introduced by the background art, the invention designs a pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device based on an indoor pipe flow test loop, which simulates the operation condition of an actual pipeline based on the principle that the energy dissipation rates of fluid in unit volume are equal, and tests the ultrasonic velocity (namely the sound velocity) under the simulated condition, thereby calculating and determining the pressure wave velocity at different positions along the pipeline.
Example 1:
the object of example 1 is to provide a pipe pressure wave velocity testing apparatus based on a pipe flow test loop, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a pipe flow loop test apparatus and an ultrasonic wave velocity test apparatus.
(I) pipe flow loop test device
The pipe flow loop test device comprises a test loop system, a water bath circulation system and a data acquisition system. The test loop system, the water bath circulation system and the data acquisition system cooperatively operate to jointly complete the simulation of different operation conditions of the actual crude oil pipeline.
In this embodiment, the test loop system is used to simulate the flowing conditions (temperature, pressure, shear conditions) of crude oil in an actual pipeline, and comprises a test loop, an oil storage tank, a pump, a buffer tank and a plurality of valves. Specifically, the pipeline of the test loop is made of 304 stainless steel pipes, the elastic modulus E of the pipeline is 200GPa, and the Poisson ratio mu of the pipeline is 0.25. The inner diameter of the pipeline of the test loop is 21.36mm, the wall thickness is 2.5mm, and the ratio of the inner diameter D to the wall thickness e is less than 25, so that the requirement of a thin-wall circular pipe is met. One end of the test loop close to the oil storage tank is fixed, and the other end of the test loop can freely stretch out and draw back in the axial direction.
Specifically, the test loop comprises a test pipe section and a non-test pipe section, wherein the test pipe section refers to the high-precision pressure sensor P1And P2Pipe between, P1And P2The distance between the pipelines is required to be more than 10m, and the data acquisition frequency is below 1 ms. The whole test tube section is immersed in the water bath circulation system, as shown in figure 1; except the test pipe section immersed in the water bath, the rest part of the test loop adopts a commercial water bath circulator and a seamless winding fine copper pipe to form water circulation for temperature control, and the fine copper pipe is wound with a heat insulation material.
In this embodiment, the non-test pipe section in proper order with oil storage tank, pump, buffer tank are connected, the oil storage tank both ends with all set up a valve on the pipeline that the non-test pipe section is connected, the buffer tank with set up a valve on the pipeline that the non-test pipe section is connected.
Specifically, the oil storage tank adopts the jar body that the volume is 20L, and the oil storage tank sets up the heat preservation outward in order effectively to keep warm to oil in the oil storage tank, inside heating device and the temperature sensor of setting up of oil storage tank. Heating device adopts circulation heating water coil pipe in this embodiment, carries out constant temperature, intensification cooling control to the oil in the jar. In order to reduce the influence of the over-pump shearing of oil products and the over-pump temperature rise on the rheological property of the low-temperature wax-containing crude oil to the maximum extent, the peristaltic pump is selected to provide power for the flow of the crude oil in the pipeline, and the flow in the pipeline can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency of the peristaltic pump.
In the embodiment, a buffer tank is arranged at the outlet of the peristaltic pump, and the buffer tank can reduce pressure fluctuation in the operation process of the peristaltic pump and ensure that oil products stably run in a pipeline; alternatively, a buffer tank may be used to apply a certain constant pressure to the fluid in the tube. The overall structure of the buffer tank is schematically shown in fig. 2, and the buffer tank comprises a buffer tank body, a pressure supply device and a plurality of valves. The buffer tank is characterized in that a heat preservation layer is arranged outside the buffer tank body, an oil spill emptying valve is arranged at the bottom of the buffer tank, and a gas release valve is arranged at the top of the buffer tank. And a vent valve is arranged between the buffer tank and the pressure supply device, the pressure supply device adopts a nitrogen tank, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged at the outlet of the nitrogen tank. The inside float that sets up of buffer tank body has installed displacement sensor in the buffer tank top, can accurate display buffer tank in the displacement of float, the position of real-time supervision float.
In this embodiment, the water bath circulation system is mainly used for carrying out temperature control on the processes of constant temperature, temperature rise, temperature reduction and the like of the oil in the test pipe section. The water bath circulation system is schematically shown in fig. 3 and comprises a water bath, a spray pipe, a water circulation pipeline, a pipeline pump, a refrigerator and a regulating valve. And a heat insulation layer is arranged outside the water bath and is made of foam heat insulation boards, and the foam heat insulation boards cover the outside of the water bath to reduce heat loss. And a plurality of spray pipes and a plurality of heaters are uniformly arranged in the water bath. In this embodiment, six heaters are installed in the water bath to heat the water in the water tank. Circulating water outlets of the water bath are arranged at two ends of the water bath and are connected with the water circulating pipeline; the pipeline pump is arranged on the water circulation pipeline to provide power for the water to form circular flow in the pipeline; the inlet and outlet pipelines of the pipeline pump are connected with the refrigerating machine, the inlet of the refrigerating machine is provided with an adjusting valve for adjusting the refrigerating capacity, and the refrigerating capacity is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the refrigerating machine and the adjusting valve at the inlet of the refrigerating machine. The refrigerated water is sprayed out through a plurality of spray pipes uniformly arranged in the water bath tank, so that the water in the water bath tank is fully mixed, and the temperature distribution tends to be uniform. In the invention, the effective control of the temperature in the water bath is realized through the combined action of the heating capacity of the heater and the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator in the water bath circulating system.
It should be noted that if other temperature control methods are adopted, for example, (1) a water bath thermal insulation pipe is arranged outside the pipeline for temperature control or (2) a thin copper pipe is seamlessly wound outside the pipeline (a thermal insulation material is wound outside the copper pipe) for water circulation temperature control, the elasticity and the deformation characteristics of the test pipe section may be affected, so that the pressure sensor P is utilized based on the time difference domain method1And P2The measured pressure wave velocity. The temperature is controlled by adopting the water bath circulating system, and the test pipe section is directly placed in the water bath without being connected with the water bathAffecting the elasticity and deformation characteristics of the pipeline.
In this embodiment, the data acquisition system acquires parameters such as pressure, temperature, float displacement and the like of the test loop system in real time, and selects a specific data acquisition frequency to store data according to test requirements. Specifically, the data acquisition system comprises a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor and a displacement sensor for data acquisition. The pressure sensors comprise a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor; the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor adopt high-precision pressure sensors P1And P2The test loop is arranged on the test loop at intervals, and the test loop is divided into a test pipe section and a non-test pipe section; the third pressure sensor is connected with the buffer tank, and the fourth pressure sensor is connected with the nitrogen tank. The flow sensor is arranged behind the test loop buffer tank and used for monitoring the flow of the crude oil in the test loop. The temperature sensor is arranged in the oil storage tank and used for monitoring the crude oil temperature in the oil storage tank. The displacement sensor is arranged on the top of the buffer tank and used for monitoring the position of the floater in the buffer tank.
The data acquisition system is also respectively connected with a display device and a storage device, the display device displays the acquired parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow, float displacement and the like in real time, and specific data acquisition frequency is selected according to test requirements to store data in the storage device.
(II) ultrasonic wave speed testing device
The ultrasonic velocity testing device is shown in fig. 1, and is connected with the test loop system and used for acquiring ultrasonic signals at different positions of the test loop system so as to calculate and obtain ultrasonic velocities under different simulation operating conditions.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic velocity testing apparatus includes an ultrasonic probe, an oscilloscope, and a signal generator. The ultrasonic probes are respectively connected with a signal generator, and the signal generator is connected with the oscilloscope. As shown in fig. 1, 3 pairs of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving probes were installed horizontally at 3 different positions of the test pipe section, both the transmitting and receiving probes were installed at 1/3 points to the diameter of the inner wall of the pipe, so the distance between the transmitting and receiving probes was also 1/3 of the diameter. The ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are placed in such a way, the distance between the transmitting probe and the inner wall of the pipeline is the same as the distance between the two probes, and the propagation speed of the ultrasonic between the two probes can be considered as the speed of the ultrasonic in an infinite medium. In addition, the inner wall of the pipeline can be waxed in the experimental operation process, and the transmitting probe and the receiving probe are placed in a way of being far away from the wax layer on the wall of the pipeline, so that the influence of the waxing on the test result can be avoided.
(III) computing device
And the calculating device is connected with the ultrasonic velocity testing device and used for calculating the pressure wave velocity of the pipeline according to the acquired ultrasonic velocity, the medium property and the pipeline property by using a corresponding formula.
Example 2:
a second object of the present invention is to provide a pressure wave velocity test method based on a pipe flow test loop, as shown in fig. 4.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method is based on an indoor pipe flow test loop channel surpassing pressure wave velocity testing device, and the determination of the pressure wave velocity at different positions of each point along the actual pipeline is realized through the following operation steps:
step (1): and measuring the viscosity of the oil product at different temperatures to obtain a viscosity-temperature curve of the viscosity of the oil product changing along with the temperature, and determining the abnormal point of the oil product.
Specifically, the viscosity of the oil at different temperatures is measured by a rotational viscometer.
Step (2): and calculating the operation condition of the actual pipeline and segmenting. Acquiring actual crude oil pipeline parameters and other related data, performing thermal calculation and hydraulic calculation, and determining the on-way temperature distribution and the residual pressure (also called dynamic water pressure) distribution of the pipelines between stations; and segmenting the interstation pipelines, and calculating the average temperature, the average pressure and the unit volume fluid energy dissipation rate of each segmented pipeline. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step (2-1): acquiring parameters such as pipeline output of an actual crude oil pipeline, outlet temperature of a heating station, inlet temperature, ground temperature of a center buried position of the pipeline and viscosity-temperature curve of oil products, and the like, reversely calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the actual crude oil pipeline, and determining the temperature distribution of the oil products between the heating stations;
step (2-2): acquiring the outlet pressure of a pump station, calculating the friction resistance of an actual crude oil pipeline along the line according to parameters such as the outlet pressure of the pump station, the pipeline output, the temperature distribution of oil products between heating stations, the viscosity-temperature curve of the oil products and the like, and determining the residual pressure along the pipeline;
step (2-3): and segmenting the interstation pipelines according to the pipeline operation temperature interval and the pressure interval. And (3) preliminarily dividing the pipeline between stations according to the pressure drop of 1MPa of each section and the temperature drop of 1 ℃ of each section, finally dividing the pipeline according to the smaller pipeline section after preliminary division, and calculating the arithmetic average temperature, the arithmetic average pressure and the unit volume fluid energy dissipation rate of each section of the pipeline after the pipeline is finally divided.
And (3): the indoor pipe flow loop test device is utilized, and the operation condition of an actual pipeline is simulated based on the principle that the energy dissipation rate of fluid in unit volume is equal.
Before simulating the operation condition of the actual pipeline in the step (3), the actual distance delta L between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe of the primarily used pipe flow test loop ultrasonic velocity testing deviceiCalibrating; the test precision is high, and can be accurate to 2 significant digits (unit mm) after decimal point. The calibration adopts a distilled water calibration method, and the specific steps are as follows: filling a test loop with distilled water, and controlling the test loop to a test temperature by adopting a water bath circulating system; measuring the propagation time delta t of the ultrasonic wave between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe at the test temperatureiObtaining the sound velocity v of the distilled water corresponding to the test temperatureWater (W)Propagation time Δ tiSonic velocity v with distilled waterWater (W)The product of (A) and (B) is the distance DeltaL between the ultrasonic probesi(ii) a Thirdly, after calibration is finished, nitrogen purging is carried out on the test loop by using a nitrogen bottle connected with the buffer tank, and distilled water is discharged out of the pipeline and dries the pipeline.
Before the actual crude oil pipeline running working condition is simulated by using the pipe flow test loop at each time, crude oil is firstly placed in an oil storage tank, and a water bath circulation system and a heater in the oil storage tank are started to ensure that the temperature of the test loop is uniform and consistent with the temperature of an oil port in the oil storage tank. During testing, as shown in fig. 1, opening a valve 2 and a valve 3, closing a valve 4, opening a peristaltic pump, starting a pipeline according to a set flow, operating for a period of time until no gas is discharged from an oil inlet of an oil storage tank, and opening the valve 3 to further discharge gas from a test loop; after no gas is discharged, the valve 4 is opened, the valve 2 and the valve 3 are closed, and a certain constant pressure is applied to the fluid in the loop by using the buffer tank. And meanwhile, starting a data acquisition system, and recording and storing the real-time numerical values of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor in the pipeline operation process.
Specifically, the concrete steps of simulating the actual pipeline operation condition by using the pipe flow loop test device are as follows:
step (3-1): applying a certain constant pressure to the fluid in the test loop by using a buffer tank to simulate the actual pipeline operating pressure; because the test loop is short in length (about more than ten meters) and low in friction resistance, the pressure along the loop is similar to the applied constant pressure;
step (3-2): regulating the temperature of the water bath by using a water bath circulation system, and simulating the running temperature of an actual pipeline;
step (3-3): and judging the temperature of the oil product and the size of the abnormal point. When the temperature of the oil product is higher than the abnormal point, the oil product is Newtonian fluid, and the ultrasonic velocity of the fluid is irrelevant to the flowing state of the oil product in the pipe. Under the condition, for convenient operation, the pipe flow test loop is not started, and the flow is 0; when the oil temperature is lower than the abnormal point, the flow of the pipe flow test loop is adjusted based on the principle that the energy dissipation rate of fluid in unit volume is equal, and the shearing condition of fluid in the pipe in the actual operation process of the pipe is simulated.
And (4): an ultrasonic velocity testing device is used for testing ultrasonic velocity (namely sound velocity) under a simulation working condition, and an ultrasonic velocity database under an actual pipeline operation temperature interval, a pressure interval and a unit volume fluid energy dissipation rate interval is established.
If the distance between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe is deltaL, the transit time of the ultrasonic waves therebetween is Δ t1When the ultrasonic wave speed v is equal to delta L/delta t1. And measuring ultrasonic velocity values at a plurality of different positions by using a plurality of pairs of ultrasonic probes, mutually verifying the ultrasonic velocity values, and averaging the final results.
And (5): and determining the sound velocity of each segmented pipeline based on the ultrasonic velocity database, and calculating the pressure wave velocity of each segmented pipeline by combining the pipeline parameters. Determining the sound velocity of each divided small section of the pipeline by combining an ultrasonic velocity database according to the average temperature, the average pressure and the energy dissipation rate of the fluid in unit volume of each divided small section of the pipeline; determining the diameter D, the wall thickness E, the pipeline constraint mode, the elastic modulus E and the Poisson coefficient mu of each section of the pipeline, and calculating by the formula (2) to obtain the pressure wave velocity a of each section of the pipeline after segmentation1。
According to the mass conservation principle of liquid in the pipeline filling process when pressure waves are transmitted along the pipeline, the elastic deformation of the pipeline and the constraint conditions of the pipeline are considered, and the pressure wave velocity calculation formula in the pipeline can be deduced as follows:
in the formula, K and ρ are the bulk property coefficient and density of the medium, and are related to the property and temperature of the medium. Units are Pa and kg/m respectively3(ii) a E is the elastic modulus of the pipe, and the unit is Pa; D. e is the pipe diameter and the pipe wall thickness respectively, and the unit is m; mu is the Poisson coefficient of the pipe and has no dimension; c1Is a correction factor related to the way the pipe is constrained.
For uniform elastic thin-walled circular tubes (D/e)>25) C corresponding to the following 3 constraint modes1Comprises the following steps:
firstly, one end of the pipeline is fixed, and the other end is freely retractable,
the two ends of the pipeline are fixed, and no axial displacement exists; c1＝1-μ2；
Thirdly, the pipe can freely stretch out and draw back in the axial direction, and the pipeline is composed of a plurality of pipelinesExpansion joint connection: c1＝1。
When the ratio D/e of the diameter to the thickness is less than 25, the pipe wall is thick, the stress distribution of the pipe wall is uneven, and the deformation characteristic of the pipeline is changed. In this case, the following correction is adopted:
firstly, one end of the pipeline is fixed, and the other end is freely retractable,
the two ends of the pipeline are fixed, and no axial displacement exists;
the pipe can freely stretch out and draw back in the axial direction, and the pipeline is connected by a plurality of expansion joints:
according to the theory of fluid mechanics and fluctuation, the speed v of sound wave propagation in infinite mediumSoundThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:therefore, the bulk property coefficient k of the medium can be calculated by the following formula: k is ρ vSound 2. Thus, equation (1) can be rewritten as follows:
when the fluid flows in the circular tube, the energy dissipation ratio of the unit volume of the fluid is calculated by the formula:
wherein V is the average flow velocity, m/s; d is the inner diameter of the pipeline, m; f is the fanning friction coefficient, which has the following relation with the Darcy friction coefficient lambda: λ ═ 4 f.
In this embodiment, the wall is determined according to the diameter D of the test pipe sectionThickness E, pipeline constraint mode (one end is fixed, the other end can freely stretch out and draw back), elastic modulus E of pipe and Poisson coefficient mu, and the pressure wave velocity a of the tested pipe section can be calculated by formula (2)1。
In the present embodiment, a pair of scales is set to compare the propagation velocities of the test pipe pressure waves. Pressure velocity measurement of a pipe section may also be achieved using a pressure transducer P1And P2And measuring by using a time difference domain method. If pressure wave is in the pressure sensor P1And P2Time Δ t of speed transfer therebetween2，P1And P2At a distance of L, then P1And P2Mean pressure wave velocity a between2＝L/Δt2. The velocity a of the pressure wave1And velocity of pressure wave a2And comparing and mutually verifying.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the steps of the present invention described above may be implemented using general purpose computer means, or alternatively they may be implemented using program code executable by computing means, whereby the steps may be stored in memory means for execution by the computing means, or may be implemented as separate integrated circuit modules, or may be implemented as a plurality of modules or steps within a single integrated circuit module. The present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A pipeline pressure wave velocity testing method based on a pipeline flow test loop is based on a pipeline pressure wave velocity testing device based on the pipeline flow test loop, and the testing device comprises a pipeline flow test loop device, an ultrasonic wave velocity testing device and a calculating device: the pipe flow loop test device consists of a test loop system, a water bath circulation temperature control system and a data acquisition system, wherein the test loop system is arranged in the water bath circulation temperature control system for temperature control; the data acquisition system acquires and monitors the change of each parameter in the test process of the test loop system in real time, and can select preset data acquisition frequency to store data in a readable storage device according to test requirements; the ultrasonic speed testing device is connected with the test loop system and used for acquiring ultrasonic signals at different positions of the test loop system to calculate and obtain ultrasonic speeds under different operating conditions; the calculating device is connected with the ultrasonic velocity testing device and used for calculating the pressure wave velocity of the pipeline according to the acquired ultrasonic velocity, the medium property and the pipeline property, and the pressure wave velocity testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) measuring the viscosity of the oil product at different temperatures to obtain a viscosity-temperature curve of the viscosity of the oil product changing along with the temperature, and determining the abnormal point of the oil product;
(2) acquiring parameters of an actual crude oil or finished oil pipeline, performing pipeline thermal calculation and hydraulic calculation, and determining the on-way temperature distribution and the dynamic water pressure distribution of the pipeline between stations; segmenting the pipeline between stations, and calculating the average temperature, pressure and unit volume fluid energy dissipation rate of each segmented pipeline;
(3) simulating the operation condition of an actual pipeline by using an indoor pipe flow loop test device based on the principle that the energy dissipation rates of fluid in unit volume are equal;
(4) testing the ultrasonic speed under a simulation working condition by using an ultrasonic speed testing device, and establishing an ultrasonic speed database under an actual pipeline operation temperature interval, a pressure interval and a unit volume fluid energy dissipation rate interval;
(5) determining the sound velocity of each divided small section of the pipeline by combining an ultrasonic velocity database according to the average temperature, the average pressure and the energy dissipation rate of the fluid in unit volume of each divided small section of the pipeline; and calculating to obtain the pressure wave velocity of each segmented pipeline by combining the diameter, the wall thickness, the pipeline constraint mode, the elastic modulus of the pipe and the Poisson coefficient of each segment of the pipeline.
2. The pipe flow test loop-based pipe pressure wave velocity test method of claim 1, wherein the test loop system comprises a test loop, an oil storage tank, a pump, a buffer tank and a plurality of valves; the material of the test loop is a stainless steel pipe, the ratio of the inner diameter to the wall thickness of the pipe is less than 20, the test loop comprises a test pipe section and a non-test pipe section, and the test pipe section is wholly immersed in the water bath circulation system; the non-test pipe section is sequentially connected with the oil storage tank, the pump, the buffer tank and the flowmeter, two ends of the oil storage tank are respectively provided with a valve on a pipeline connected with the non-test pipe section, and the buffer tank is provided with a valve on a pipeline connected with the non-test pipe section.
3. The pipeline pressure wave velocity testing method based on the pipe flow test loop as claimed in claim 2, wherein an insulating layer is arranged outside the oil storage tank, and a heating device is arranged inside the oil storage tank; the pump adopts a peristaltic pump, and the buffer tank comprises a buffer tank body, a pressure supply device and a plurality of valves; the buffer tank body is externally provided with a heat insulation layer, the bottom of the buffer tank is provided with an oil spill emptying valve, and the top of the buffer tank is provided with a gas release valve; a vent valve is arranged between the buffer tank and the pressure supply device, the pressure supply device adopts a nitrogen tank, and a pressure reducing valve is arranged at the outlet of the nitrogen tank; a floater is arranged inside the buffer tank body, and a displacement sensor is arranged above the buffer tank.
4. The pipe pressure wave velocity testing method based on the pipe flow test loop, according to claim 1, wherein the water bath circulating system comprises a water bath, a spray pipe, a water circulating pipeline, a pipeline pump, a refrigerator and a regulating valve; the heat insulation layer is arranged outside the water bath, and a plurality of spray pipes and a plurality of heaters are uniformly arranged inside the water bath; circulating water outlets of the water bath are arranged at two ends of the water bath and are connected with the water circulating pipeline; the water circulation pipeline is provided with a pipeline pump for providing power for the water to form circular flow in the pipeline; the refrigerating machine and the regulating valve are connected between the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline of the pipeline pump, and the refrigerating capacity is regulated by regulating the opening degree of the refrigerating machine and the regulating valve at the inlet of the refrigerating machine; the refrigerated water is sprayed out through a plurality of spray pipes uniformly arranged in the water bath.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition system comprises a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a temperature sensor, and a displacement sensor; the pressure sensors comprise a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a third pressure sensor and a fourth pressure sensor, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are arranged on the test loop at intervals, the test loop is divided into a test pipe section and a non-test pipe section, the third pressure sensor is connected with the buffer tank, and the fourth pressure sensor is connected with the nitrogen tank; the flow sensor is arranged on the test loop and used for monitoring the flow of crude oil or product oil in the test loop; the temperature sensor is arranged in the oil storage tank and used for monitoring the temperature of crude oil or finished oil in the oil storage tank; the displacement sensor is arranged on the top of the buffer tank and used for monitoring the displacement of the floater in the buffer tank.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic velocity measuring device comprises an ultrasonic probe, an oscilloscope and a signal generator, pairs of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving probes are installed at different positions on the test pipe section, and the transmitting and receiving probes are installed at 1/3 positions from the diameter of the inner wall of the pipe, so that the distance between the transmitting and receiving probes is 1/3 of the diameter.
7. The method for testing the pressure wave velocity of the pipeline based on the pipe flow test loop according to claim 1, wherein the distance Δ L between the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and the ultrasonic wave receiving probe is calibrated when the pressure wave velocity testing device is used for the first time; the calibration adopts a distilled water calibration method, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) filling the test loop with distilled water, and controlling the test loop to a test temperature by adopting a water bath circulating system:
(2) measuring the propagation time delta t of the ultrasonic wave between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe at the test temperature, and obtaining the sound velocity vwater of the distilled water corresponding to the test temperature, wherein the product of the propagation time delta t and the sound velocity vwater of the distilled water is the distance delta L between the ultrasonic probes;
(3) and after calibration is finished, performing nitrogen purging on the test loop by using a nitrogen bottle connected with the buffer tank, discharging distilled water out of the pipeline and drying the pipeline.
8. The pipeline pressure wave velocity testing method based on the pipe flow test loop as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the specific steps of performing thermal and hydraulic calculation on the actual crude oil or product oil pipeline and segmenting the pipeline are as follows:
acquiring the pipeline output of an actual pipeline, the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature of a heating station, the ground temperature of the center embedded position of the pipeline and the viscosity-temperature curve of oil products, reversely calculating the total heat transfer coefficient of the actual crude oil pipeline, and determining the temperature distribution of the oil products between the heating stations;
acquiring the outlet pressure of a pump station, calculating the friction resistance of an actual crude oil pipeline along the line according to the outlet pressure of the pump station, the pipeline output, the temperature distribution of oil products between heating stations and the viscosity-temperature curve of the oil products, and determining the residual pressure along the pipeline;
determining an actual operating temperature interval and a pressure interval of a crude oil or finished oil pipeline, segmenting the pipeline between stations, primarily dividing the pipeline between stations according to the pressure drop of each segment of 1MPa and the temperature drop of each segment of 1C, finally dividing the pipeline according to the smaller pipeline segment after primary division, and calculating the arithmetic average temperature, the arithmetic average pressure and the fluid energy dissipation rate of unit volume of each segment of the pipeline after the pipeline is finally divided.
9. The pipe flow test loop-based pipe pressure wave velocity test method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the specific steps of simulating the actual pipe operation condition by using the indoor pipe flow loop test device are as follows:
applying a certain constant pressure to the fluid in the test loop by using a buffer tank to simulate the actual pipeline operating pressure;
regulating the temperature of the water bath by using a water bath circulation system, and simulating the running temperature of an actual pipeline;
judging the temperature of the oil product and the size of the abnormal point, and when the temperature of the oil product is higher than the abnormal point, the pipe flow test loop is not started, and the flow is 0; when the oil temperature is lower than the abnormal point, the flow of the pipe flow test loop is adjusted based on the principle that the energy dissipation rate of fluid in unit volume is equal, and the shearing condition of fluid in the pipe in the actual operation process of the pipe is simulated.
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| CN112964898B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2023-02-28 | 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 | Flow velocity measurement method based on ultrasonic wave still water propagation distance and system inherent time difference |
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Effective date of registration: 20220809 Address after: 266580 No. 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong. Patentee after: CHINA University OF PETROLEUM (EAST CHINA) Patentee after: Guangdong South China smart pipeline Research Institute Address before: 266580 No. 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao economic and Technological Development Zone, Shandong Patentee before: CHINA University OF PETROLEUM (EAST CHINA) |
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