CN107747063B - A kind of high tough martensitic stain less steel - Google Patents
A kind of high tough martensitic stain less steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN107747063B CN107747063B CN201711221916.XA CN201711221916A CN107747063B CN 107747063 B CN107747063 B CN 107747063B CN 201711221916 A CN201711221916 A CN 201711221916A CN 107747063 B CN107747063 B CN 107747063B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of high tough martensitic stain less steel, the mass percent of the stainless steel ingredient are as follows: C content 0.06-0.3%, Cr content 11-15%, Ni content 1.5-3%, P content is less than 0.08%, S content less than 0.008%, O content is less than 30ppm, and surplus is Fe and impurity.The martensitic stain less steel has the characteristics that corrosion-resistant, high-intensitive, high tenacity, low-temperature impact-resistant.Overcome the not high problem of intensity of austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel；The problem of overcoming the stainless steel toughness of conventional martensitic and poor performance at low temperatures；The high cost problem for overcoming two phase stainless steel, the yield strength for overcoming the high-strength stainless structural steel of sorbite are generally less than 800MPa, and breaking strength is lower than the deficiency of 1000MPa.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new materials, iron and steel smelting technology field, especially stainless steel technical field, and in particular to Yi Zhonggao
Tough martensitic stain less steel.
Background technique
The existing kind of stainless steel include austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stain less steel, two phase stainless steel,
200 be stainless steel, precipitation-hardening stainless steel.Ferrite and austenitic stainless steel in these stainless steels since its intensity is lower,
It is normally only used for production vessel, panel.When being used as structural material, since its intensity is lower, dosage can only be increased, keeps cost big
Amplitude increases.Two phase stainless steel has good comprehensive performance, but heat treatment process difficulty is larger, and cost is excessively high, is austenite
The 2 times or more of stainless steel is restricted its application.200 are that stainless steel is used widely due to cheap, but also by
Low in intensity, comprehensive mechanical property is not able to satisfy the requirement as structural material.Martensitic stain less steel is tough due to its tissue characteristics
Property it is poor, low-temperature transformation temperature near 0 DEG C, low temperature impact properties disappear, lead to the use in 0 DEG C or less martensitic stain less steel
It is extremely restricted.Fig. 1 is the toughness at different temperatures of different types of stainless steel, wherein KVIndicate impact property.Closely
The yield strength of the high-strength stainless structural steel of sorbite of year China's invention is generally less than 800MPa, and breaking strength is lower than 1000MPa.
Therefore, it invents one kind and has both high-intensitive and high tenacity, the especially tough geneva of height with excellent low-temperature flexibility
Body stainless steel material is very important.
Summary of the invention
The present invention feature poor for martensitic stain less steel toughness, proposes the high epistasis for solving martensite and toughness is outstanding
It is the contradiction of low-temperature flexibility, obtains the good martensitic stain less steel of the high-strength tenacity of martensite, especially low temperature impact properties.
To achieve this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of martensitic stain less steel, the mass percent of the stainless steel ingredient are as follows: C content 0.06-0.3%, Cr contain
11-15% is measured, Ni content 1.5-3%, for P content less than 0.08%, surplus is Fe and impurity.
As a preferred embodiment, for S content less than 0.008%, O content is less than 30ppm.
As a preferred embodiment, the mechanical performance range of stainless steel are as follows: breaking strength > 1400MPa, yield strength >
1100MPa, elongation percentage are not less than 12%, and the contraction percentage of area is not less than 50%.
As a preferred embodiment, -20 DEG C of ballistic works of the stainless steel are not less than 40J, and -40 DEG C of ballistic works are not less than 30J, fit
For low temperature environment purposes.
As a preferred embodiment, the martensitic stain less steel is quenched and tempering heat treatment.
As a preferred embodiment, the quenching heat treatment hardening heat is 950 DEG C -990 DEG C.
As a preferred embodiment, the tempering heat treatment temperature is 150 DEG C -300 DEG C.
As a preferred embodiment, the martensitic stain less steel can be with or without Mo element.
As a preferred embodiment, the martensitic stain less steel can be with or without Co element.
As a preferred embodiment, the metallographic structure of the martensitic stain less steel is tempered martensite.
As a preferred embodiment, the Rockwell hardness of the martensitic stain less steel is greater than 40HRC.
As a preferred embodiment, the martensitic stain less steel yield tensile ratio is suitable for antidetonation purposes less than 0.8.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
The tough martensitic stain less steel of height of the invention has the characteristics that corrosion-resistant, high-intensitive, high tenacity, low-temperature impact-resistant.
Overcome the not high problem of intensity of austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel；Overcome the stainless steel toughness of conventional martensitic and
The problem of poor performance at low temperatures；The high cost problem for overcoming two phase stainless steel overcomes bending for the high-strength stainless structural steel of sorbite
It takes intensity and is generally less than 800MPa, breaking strength is lower than the deficiency of 1000MPa.It is that a kind of height with good comprehensive performance is tough
Stainless steel expands the application field of martensitic stain less steel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: for the temperature and toughness relationship figure of different types of stainless steel, wherein KVIndicate impact property；
Fig. 2: for the tough stainless steel tempered martensite metallographic structure figure of height (100 times of amplifications) of the invention；
Fig. 3: for the tough stainless steel tempered martensite metallographic structure figure of height (500 times of amplifications) of the invention.
Specific embodiment
To further illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of martensitic stain less steel, the quality hundred of the stainless steel ingredient
Divide ratio are as follows: C content 0.06-0.3%, Cr content 11-15%, Ni content 1.5-3%, less than 0.08%, S content is less than P content
0.008%, O content is less than 30ppm, and surplus is Fe and impurity.
In certain preferred embodiments, the content of silicon and manganese element should be lacked as far as possible.
As a preferred embodiment, C content can be with are as follows: 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.16%, 0.18%,
0.25%,；
Cr content can be with are as follows: 11%, 12%, 13%, 13.51%, 14.58%, 14.98%, 15%；
Ni content can be with are as follows: 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.83%, 1.98%, 2.05%, 2.48%, 2.89%, 3%；
P content can be with are as follows: 0.079%, 0.06%, 0.0597%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.008%；
S content can be with are as follows: 0.0079%, 0.005%, 0.002%, 0.001%；
O content can be with are as follows: 29ppm, 25ppm, 20ppm；
The content of Si and Mn is as few as possible, for example, the content of Si is 0.48%, 0.40%, 0.35%, 0.15%, Mn contains
Amount is 0.50%, 0.44%, 0.30%.
So-called impurity is due to the mixed some microdoses of the unavoidable causes such as raw material itself, smelting iron and steel technique
Other possible ingredients, but here inventor need to be stressed is that it is listed effective in impurity element and the present invention
There is the difference of essence in ingredient, listed above-mentioned effective component and dose requirements are necessary in the present invention, such as be unsatisfactory for this hair
The quality that the dose requirements of bright listed effective component prepare obtained stainless steel can substantially decay, even be unable to satisfy correlation
The requirement in field.The high epistasis of the martensitic stain less steel and toughness, same can be improved as far as possible under the above conditions
When corrosion resistance can also be significantly improved.
The specific formula and related request for forgoing describing the tough martensitic stain less steel of height are described in detail below described
The preparation process of martensitic stain less steel:
Smelting process flow chart is as follows:
Blast-melted (the iron block)-electric arc furnaces of lateritic nickel ore-, converter+AOD smelting-ladle refining furnace refining-slab connect
Casting-steel billet repairs a die
S1: lateritic nickel ore is chosen；
According to the requirement of subject component, selecting suitable lateritic nickel ore is raw material.The lateritic nickel ore nickel content 1.5%-
3% preferably, and preferably nickel content is 2%, and the content of chromium and phosphorus should meet the target component requirement of the stainless steel, but big
In most cases, the requirement of the chromium and phosphorus is readily available satisfaction；
S2: the lateritic nickel ore is become into nickel-contained pig iron block through blast furnace process；
Specifically the lateritic nickel ore is crushed first, is then sieved and is dried, to obtain one
The miberal powder and nugget for determining range and granularity are added coke or coke blacking as fuel in the miberal powder and nugget, lime are added
Masonry is flux, is then mixed, and mixed purpose is to keep the ingredient of sintering feed uniform, and moisture is suitable, is easy to pelletizing, thus
The good sinter mixture of granularmetric composition is obtained, to guarantee the quality of sinter and improve yield.
According to feedstock property difference, two kinds of processes of mixed once or secondary mixing can be used.The purpose of mixed once: wetting
With mixing, can also material be made to preheat when heating is returned mine.Secondary mixed purpose: continuing to mix, pelletizing, to improve sinter bed
Gas permeability.
When using fine grinding concentrate powder sintering, because granularity is meticulous, bed permeability is poor, to improve gas permeability, it is necessary to mix
Pelletizing in the process, so using secondary mixing.
It will be put into sintering machine by the mixed mixing mineral aggregate of above-mentioned technique, and be sintered to form sinter, so
Enter blast fumance molten iron or stick afterwards；
S3: directly adopt it is blast-melted or using one of electric arc furnaces, induction furnace, hot-blast stove or it is a variety of will be described nickeliferous
Pig iron is melted into nickel-containing molten iron or half molten steel；
S4: nickel-containing molten iron or half molten steel are melted by AOD technique and carries out decarburization, target decarburization to 0.3% is hereinafter, excellent
It is selected as 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.16%, 0.18%, 0.25%, 0.28%；
AOD later half molten steel of skimming enters LF furnace (preferably with DIRECT CURRENT ELECTRIC ARC-ELECTROSLAG LADLE FURNACE), and synthetic slag is added, and adjustment is closed
Golden ingredient, heat temperature raising ar blowing refining carry out deoxidation and/or desulfurization impurity elimination, it is preferable that deoxidation to oxygen content is less than 30ppm, excellent
It is selected as: 29ppm, 25ppm, 20ppm；
Desulfurization is to sulfur content less than 0.08%；Preferably, 0.079%, 0.005,0.0010%；
S5: being casting continuously to form slab, round billet, square billet etc. for the molten steel after the refining, using being rolled into plate bar etc.,
It also needs to carry out steel billet if necessary to repair a die.
S6: Tempering and Quenching, heat treatment process are as follows: then 800-1000 DEG C of quenching, preferably 980 DEG C of quenchings carry out
180-220 DEG C of tempering, preferably 200 DEG C tempering, so that high tough martensitic stain less steel is obtained, the high tough horse of tempering obtained
Family name's body stainless steel metallographic structure is as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Steel rolling process process are as follows:
Hot continuous rolling-hot shears-annealing-workpiece-modifier treatment
The mechanical performance range of obtained martensitic stain less steel are as follows: breaking strength > 1400MPa, yield strength >
1100MPa, elongation percentage are not less than 12%, and preferably > 13%, -40 DEG C of ballistic works are not less than 40J not less than 30J, -20 DEG C of ballistic works.
Table 1
Table 1 is one of preferred embodiment of the invention:
The mass percent of the tough martensitic stain less steel ingredient of height are as follows: C content 0.16%, Mn content
0.44%, Si content 0.48%, S content 0.0005%, P content 0.0597%, Cr content 13.51%, Ni content 1.83%, Cu
Content is 0.01%, Mo content is 0, surplus Fe.
Rm indicates tensile strength (Resistance max) in table 1, also referred to as breaking strength；Rp0.2 indicates yield strength；
A% indicates that elongation after fracture, Z% indicate the contraction percentage of area, and HRC indicates Rockwell hardness.Test result is shown as said ratio
The martensitic stain less steel tensile strength of preparation is up to 1470Mpa, yield strength is up to 1182Mpa, elongation after fracture (elongation percentage)
Up to 13.5, shock absorption energy 73J under room temperature, it is 40 DEG C subzero at shock absorption energy 49J.
The advantageous effects of the above technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
The tough martensitic stain less steel of height of the invention has the characteristics that corrosion-resistant, high-intensitive, high tenacity, low-temperature impact-resistant.
Overcome the not high problem of intensity of austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel；Overcome the stainless steel toughness of conventional martensitic and
The problem of poor performance at low temperatures；The high cost problem for overcoming two phase stainless steel overcomes bending for the high-strength stainless structural steel of sorbite
It takes intensity and is generally less than 800MPa, breaking strength is lower than the deficiency of 100MPa.It is that a kind of height with good comprehensive performance is tough
Stainless steel expands the application field of martensitic stain less steel.
Although exemplary embodiment describes the present invention with reference to several, it is to be understood that, term used is explanation and shows
Example property, term and not restrictive.The spirit or reality that can be embodied in a variety of forms due to the present invention without departing from invention
Matter, it should therefore be appreciated that above-described embodiment is not limited to any of the foregoing details, and the spirit defined by appended claims
It all should be accompanying power with the whole change and modification widely explained, therefore fallen into claim or its equivalent scope in range
Benefit requires to be covered.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of preparation process of martensitic stain less steel, specifically includes smelting process and steel rolling process, wherein the smelter
Skill has follow steps:
S1: choosing lateritic nickel ore, and the nickel content of the lateritic nickel ore is 1.5%-3%；
S2: becoming nickel-contained pig iron block through blast furnace process for the lateritic nickel ore, wherein the lateritic nickel ore is crushed first,
Screening and drying process, to obtain the miberal powder and nugget of a certain range and granularity, are added coke in the miberal powder and nugget
As fuel, lime stone is added as flux, then mixed mixing mineral aggregate, which is put into sintering machine, is sintered to be formed
Sinter, subsequently into blast fumance nickel-contained pig iron block；
S3: using one of electric arc furnaces, induction furnace, hot-blast stove or a variety of the nickel-contained pig iron block is melted into nickel-containing molten iron
Or half molten steel；
S4: being melted into nickel-containing molten iron or half molten steel by AOD technique and carry out decarburization, and AOD later half molten steel of skimming enters LF furnace, adds
Enter synthetic slag, adjust alloying component, heat temperature raising ar blowing refining carries out deoxidation and/or desulfurization impurity elimination；
S5: being casting continuously to form slab, round billet or square billet for the molten steel after the refining, using being rolled into plate or bar；
S6: carrying out Tempering and Quenching, keeps 1000 DEG C of quenchings, then carries out 180 DEG C of tempering, so that martensitic stain less steel is obtained,
The metallographic structure of the martensitic stain less steel is tempered martensite；
The steel rolling process has the step of hot continuous rolling, hot shears, annealing, workpiece and modifier treatment；
The mass percent of the martensitic stain less steel ingredient is C content 0.16%, 0 .44%, Si content 0 of Mn content
.48%, 0 .0005% of S content, 0 .0597%, Cr content of P content, 13 .51%, Ni content, 1 .83%, Cu content be 0.01%, it is remaining
Amount is Fe, wherein not containing Mo element and Co element；
The mechanical performance of the martensitic stain less steel are as follows: breaking strength 1470MPa, yield strength 1182MPa, elongation percentage are
13.5%, the contraction percentage of area 52%.
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| CN110592494B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-01-15 | 王平 | Nickel-containing ferrite stainless steel smelted from laterite-nickel ore and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117551838B (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-23 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Control method for low-magnification pocking defects of large-specification martensitic stainless steel forging |
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