CN107746720B - Multistage type fast pyrolysis device - Google Patents
Multistage type fast pyrolysis device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107746720B CN107746720B CN201711190287.9A CN201711190287A CN107746720B CN 107746720 B CN107746720 B CN 107746720B CN 201711190287 A CN201711190287 A CN 201711190287A CN 107746720 B CN107746720 B CN 107746720B
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241001106462 Ulmus Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-section type fast pyrolysis device, which mainly comprises: furnace body and heat accumulation formula radiant tube, the furnace body includes: the furnace comprises an upper furnace body, a connector and a lower furnace body which are sequentially communicated, wherein the diameter of the furnace body is changed through the connector; the regenerative radiant tube includes: the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube and circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube, circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is the circumference and arranges around the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube includes: the heat accumulating type radiant tube comprises a first circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube and a second circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube, wherein the first circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube vertically penetrates through the inner cavity of the upper-section furnace body, and the second circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the lower-section furnace body. The invention can efficiently treat powdered coal with different particle sizes and can treat sticky and easily coked coal types, thereby widening the adaptability of the coal types.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry and fossil fuel pyrolysis, relates to a multi-section type rapid pyrolysis device, and particularly relates to a rapid pyrolysis reaction device for carbon-containing fuel, so as to prepare tar, pyrolysis gas and semicoke.
Background
At present, in order to realize efficient and clean conversion and utilization of carbon-containing fuels such as low-rank coal and the like, a plurality of comprehensive coal chemical technologies have been developed, and a pulverized coal fast pyrolysis technology is one of the technologies. Compared with the existing pyrolysis technology, the pulverized coal rapid pyrolysis technology solves the problem that powdery materials cannot be utilized, and mainly comprises a gas heat carrier and a solid heat carrier, but the pulverized coal rapid pyrolysis technology is difficult to popularize and demonstration further due to the fact that a furnace type taking gas as the heat carrier is huge in a condensation recovery system, low in pyrolysis gas heat value, low in tar yield and the like; the furnace type using solid as heat carrier has the problems of uniform mixing and separation of raw materials and heat carrier, and the further development of the furnace type heat carrier is limited.
The existing thermal storage type rapid pyrolysis furnace adopts a thermal storage radiant tube as a heat source, so that the temperature can be independently controlled, and the smooth operation of the device can be realized, but the thermal storage type rapid pyrolysis furnace has the defects that for example, the range of the selected coal types is limited, only long flame coal, lignite and other non-bonded coal types can be selected, the adaptability to the high-viscosity coal types is poor, particularly the pulverized coal mixed with the large and small particle sizes cannot be combusted efficiently, the energy waste is caused, the bonded coal is more easy to coke at the high temperature, the efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace is reduced, and the service life of the pyrolysis furnace is shortened; meanwhile, as the radiant tubes in the existing heat accumulating type rapid pyrolysis furnace are generally transversely arranged, the number of the radiant tubes is large, and the coking is easy to form ash and slag blocks, when the coking is fused into the blocks, the coking falls down from the upper part and is crashed into the radiant tubes arranged below due to gravity, so that the uniformity of the existing temperature field can be influenced, the impact abrasion of the radiant tubes can be aggravated, and the radiant tubes can be leaked due to long-time operation, so that potential safety hazards are brought; in addition, the existing pyrolysis furnace can not bear pressure, and the like, so that the problems of large equipment occupation, low yield of pyrolysis gas and semicoke and the like are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-section type rapid pyrolysis device which has a simple structure, is a rapid pyrolysis furnace type capable of efficiently treating pulverized coal with different particle diameters, can treat sticky and easy-to-coke coal types, and widens the adaptability of the coal types; meanwhile, the number of radiant tubes is reduced, the manual operation is reduced, the failure rate of the device is low, and the radiant tubes are reasonably arranged, so that the temperature field in the furnace is effectively ensured to be uniform; in addition, the semicoke after the fast pyrolysis can be used as a raw material of a power plant boiler, so that the difficulty in treating the semicoke is solved, and after the pyrolysis furnace is designed into pressurized equipment, the semicoke yield is increased; and after pressurization, the gas pressure is increased, the volume is reduced, so that the device is miniaturized, the flow of the subsequent tail gas purification process is greatly reduced, and the equipment and process cost is reduced.
In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a multi-section type fast pyrolysis device, which comprises: furnace body and heat accumulation formula radiant tube, the furnace body includes: the furnace comprises an upper furnace body, a connector and a lower furnace body which are sequentially communicated, wherein the diameter of the furnace body is changed through the connector, so that the diameters of the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body are different, and pulverized coal with different particle diameters is processed; the regenerative radiant tube includes: the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube and circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube, wherein, the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube runs through the furnace body and is located the middle part of the inner chamber of furnace body, circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is the circumference and arranges around the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube, includes: the first circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube and second circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube, first circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is vertical runs through the inner chamber of upper segment furnace body, the second circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is vertical set up in the inner chamber of hypomere furnace body, first circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube and second circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube all include: the heat accumulating type radiant tubes are arranged in a way that every two adjacent heat accumulating type radiant tubes have a circle center included angle of 15-60 degrees.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps: the device comprises a material inlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a semicoke outlet, wherein the material inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body, the first pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the upper furnace body, the second pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the lower furnace body, and the semicoke outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body.
Furthermore, the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body are both cylindrical, and the connecting body is in a truncated cone shape.
Further, the diameter of the upper furnace body is larger than that of the lower furnace body.
Further, one end of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the material inlet, and the other end of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the semicoke outlet; one end of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the material inlet, and the other end of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube penetrates through the connecting body and extends to the outside of the upper furnace body; one end of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the blanking port of the connecting body, and the other end of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the semicoke outlet.
Further, the radius of the circle formed by the first circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is r 1 The radius of the circle formed by the second circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is r 2 The radius of the upper furnace body is R, wherein 2/5< r 1 /R<4/5，2/5< r 2 / r 1 <4/5。
Further, the number of layers of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube and the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is at least one.
Further, the included angles of the circle centers are the same.
Further, the diameter of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is 10-45cm, the diameter of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is 10-30cm, and the diameter of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is 5-15cm.
Further, the diameter of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is 1-1.5 times of the diameter of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1) The invention has simple structure, and is a rapid pyrolysis furnace type capable of efficiently treating pulverized coal with different particle diameters;
2) The invention can treat the coal with sticky and easy coking, and widens the adaptability of the coal;
3) The invention reduces the number of the radiant tubes, reduces the manual operation, has low failure rate of the device, and effectively ensures the uniformity of the temperature field in the furnace by adopting a reasonable arrangement mode of the radiant tubes;
4) The invention is designed into a pressure-bearing container, the gas pressure is increased, the volume is reduced, the device is miniaturized, the flow of the subsequent tail gas purification process is greatly reduced, and the equipment and process cost is reduced;
5) The invention adopts reasonable standpipe arrangement, reduces the abrasion loss to the lower radiant tube to almost zero, reduces the equipment maintenance cost and prolongs the service life of the equipment;
6) The semicoke after the rapid pyrolysis can be used as a raw material of a power plant boiler, so that the difficulty in treating the semicoke is solved;
7) The coal type adopted by the invention is in a certain granularity range, the difference of residence time of the pulverized coal at high temperature in the furnace is fully utilized, the pyrolysis reaction can be rapidly completed aiming at the pulverized coal with different particle sizes, and the height of the furnace body is reduced while the pyrolysis effect is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A plane of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B plane of fig. 2.
The device comprises an upper furnace body 101, a connector 102, a lower furnace body 103, a material inlet 104, a first pyrolysis gas outlet 105, a second pyrolysis gas outlet 106, a semicoke outlet 107, a central heat accumulating type radiant tube 2, a first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube 3 and a second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube 4.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The examples are not to be construed as limiting the specific techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or as per the specifications of the product.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention, fig. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus of the present invention, fig. 3 is a sectional view of A-A plane of fig. 1, fig. 4 is a sectional view of B-B plane of fig. 1, and referring to fig. 1-4, the multi-stage fast pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention comprises: furnace body, material import, first pyrolysis gas export, second pyrolysis gas export, semicoke export and heat accumulation formula radiant tube.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the furnace body of the present invention includes: the furnace comprises an upper furnace body, a connector and a lower furnace body which are sequentially communicated, wherein the diameter of the upper furnace body is changed through the connector, so that the diameter of the upper furnace body is larger than that of the lower furnace body, and pulverized coal with different particle diameters is processed; according to some embodiments of the invention, the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body are both cylindrical, and the connector is in a shape of a circular truncated cone.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the material inlet is disposed at the top of the furnace body, that is, the top of the upper furnace body; the first pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the upper-section furnace body, the second pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the lower-section furnace body and used for discharging pyrolysis oil gas generated by pyrolysis, and the semicoke outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, namely the bottom of the lower-section furnace body and used for discharging semicoke generated by pyrolysis.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the semicoke outlet is preferably conical, so that the discharging speed is high, and blockage caused by accumulation of generated semicoke in the furnace is avoided.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the height of the furnace body is 5-20m, the residence time of the materials in the furnace body is more than 5s, the invention fully considers the reaction effect of the materials under high pressure, the cross section of the furnace body is set to be round, the cross section of the furnace body can also be square, the cross section of the furnace body is preferably round, and can bear larger pressure, the bearable pressure of the device is less than 0.4MPa, but the bearable pressure can be properly improved according to the material requirement; under normal pressure, the gas density is unchanged, after the pressurizing equipment is arranged, the gas pressure is increased, the volume is reduced, which is equivalent to 1/4 of the gas volume under normal pressure, so that the device can be miniaturized under the same treatment capacity, the flow of the subsequent tail gas purifying process is greatly reduced, and the equipment and process cost are reduced.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pressure in the furnace has an effect on the pyrolysis yield of coal, the pressure is increased, the tar yield is reduced, the yield of semicoke and gaseous products is increased, more semicoke can be sent into a power plant boiler to be used as raw materials in a pneumatic conveying mode, and the method is used for combustion power generation of the boiler, so that the problem of the forward path of pyrolysis semicoke is solved; meanwhile, the pressure is increased, the semicoke yield is increased, and the strength is also improved, because volatile matters are difficult to separate out, the action between liquid-phase products is enhanced, and the thermal condensation reaction is developed, so that the pneumatic conveying of semicoke or the outsourcing of molded coal is facilitated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the heat accumulating type radiant tube of the present invention includes: the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube and circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube, wherein, circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is the circumference and arranges around the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube includes: a first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and a second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-4, the central heat accumulating type radiant tube penetrates through the top and the bottom of the furnace body, is positioned in the middle of the inner cavity of the furnace body, more specifically is positioned at the center of the furnace body, one end of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the material inlet, the other end of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the semicoke outlet, and the diameter of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is 10-45cm.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-4, the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube vertically penetrates through the inner cavity of the upper-stage furnace body, more specifically, one end of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the material inlet, the other end of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube penetrates through the connecting body and extends to the outside of the upper-stage furnace body, and the diameter of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is 10-30cm.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the central regenerative radiant tube has a larger diameter, which is 1-1.5 times the diameter of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube, so that the temperature field around the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is closer to the temperature of the surface of the central regenerative radiant tube, which can reduce the temperature gradient along the circumferential direction, and is beneficial to the uniformity and stability of the temperature field.
According to the embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 1-4, the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is vertically arranged in the inner cavity of the lower furnace body, more specifically, one end of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the blanking port of the connecting body, the other end of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the semicoke outlet, and the diameter of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is 5-15cm, so that the diameter of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is smaller than that of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube during installation, and the heat is more concentrated due to the small volume of the lower furnace body.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the number of layers of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube and the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube in the present invention is at least one, and each layer includes: the heat accumulating type radiant tubes are provided with a plurality of heat accumulating type radiant tubes, the included angle alpha of the circle centers of the adjacent two heat accumulating type radiant tubes is 15-60 degrees, the included angle alpha of the circle centers is too small, so that the number of the heat accumulating type radiant tubes is increased, local temperature rise is easy to occur, uneven temperature fields are caused, the phenomenon that the temperature fields are insufficient is caused when the included angle alpha of the circle centers is too large in value, the technical problem is well solved, and the reasonable heat accumulating type radiant tube arrangement mode is adopted, so that the temperature fields in the furnace are effectively ensured to be uniform.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in order to increase the material throughput, the number of layers of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is increased while maintaining the included angle α between the centers of circles, and the spacing distance between each layer is maintained to be equal, for example: when the number of layers is two, for the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube: the second layer the spacing distance between the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the first layer the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube is equal to the first layer the spacing distance between the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the central regenerative radiant tube, and likewise, for the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube: the spacing distance between the second-layer second-circumferential-layer heat accumulating type radiant tube and the first-layer second-circumferential-layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is equal to the spacing distance between the first-layer second-circumferential-layer heat accumulating type radiant tube and the central heat accumulating type radiant tube, and the like when the number of layers is more than three.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the radius of the circle formed by the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is r 1 The second circumferenceThe radius of the circle formed by the layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is r 2 The radius of the upper furnace body is R, wherein 2/5< r 1 /R<4/5，2/5< r 2 / r 1 <4/5，r 1 R is preferably 1/2, R 2 / r 1 Preferably 1/2, the invention takes the appropriate ratio to make the temperature field inside the furnace more uniform.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the heat accumulating type radiant tubes are straight heat accumulating type radiant tubes, and each heat accumulating type radiant tube can independently control temperature through a gas regulating valve.
According to some embodiments of the invention, through reasonable angle and parameter control, the invention is beneficial to ensuring uniform heat distribution provided by the heat accumulating type radiant tubes, reducing the number of the heat accumulating type radiant tubes, increasing the processing capacity, and overheating local areas of the heat accumulating type radiant tubes caused by overlarge and undersize parameters.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the operation process of the multi-stage fast pyrolysis device specifically includes the following steps.
(1) The pulverized coal dried by the dryer is sent to a material inlet of the fast pyrolysis device in a mode of lifting/lifting a ton packing hopper and the like, and the material can be uniformly dispersed by a distributor device above a furnace body in advance before entering the furnace;
(2) The pulverized coal enters the furnace body, straight heat accumulating type radiant tubes are uniformly arranged in the furnace body, the tube wall temperature is controlled to be 600-1200 ℃ by using a gas regulating valve, 5-15S stays in the furnace body from top to bottom, and the pulverized coal is heated to 550-1100 ℃ in the furnace to complete the pyrolysis process.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the temperature of the temperature field during pyrolysis may be adjusted in a variety of ways, for example, by adjusting the number of regenerative radiant tubes; the number of layers of the heat accumulating type radiant tube; the distance between the heat accumulating radiant tubes; the temperature of each regenerative radiant tube itself.
(3) The generated pyrolysis oil gas is discharged from a first pyrolysis gas outlet and a second pyrolysis gas outlet, enters into a subsequent pyrolysis gas purification device, and generated pyrolysis semicoke is rapidly discharged from a conical semicoke outlet at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace, so that the pyrolysis oil gas can be used as raw materials of a power plant boiler.
The coal type adopted by the pyrolysis device is pulverized coal with the diameter of less than 1mm, so that the pressure of a coal mill is reduced, and the coal type is wide in source; under the high temperature condition, because the pulverized coal with small grain size is longer than the pulverized coal with large grain size in the furnace, the pyrolysis furnace body is more sufficient in pyrolysis of the pulverized coal with small grain size under the condition of the same height, in operation, the pulverized coal with small grain size is pyrolyzed completely, the residence time in the furnace is long, the pulverized coal with relatively large grain size is firstly remained in the upper furnace body, the reaction time of the upper furnace body is shorter due to gravity, the pyrolysis is incomplete, and the pulverized coal enters the lower furnace body through the blanking port of the connector to continue pyrolysis, and because the pulverized coal with large grain size falls into the lower section in advance, a time difference is formed with the pulverized coal with small grain size in the falling process, so that a blocking phenomenon cannot occur in the lower furnace body with small grain size.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the device has simple structure and convenient installation, can efficiently process fine powder coal with mixed size and particle size, widens the adaptability of the coal, is especially suitable for pyrolysis under high temperature conditions, for example, when the temperature of a radiant tube is heated to be more than 1200 ℃, the temperature in a furnace can reach about 1100 ℃, the coking phenomenon occurs because ash in a molten state is deposited on a heating surface, the ash melting point of high-quality raw coal is generally 1250-1500 ℃, the ash melting point of inferior coal is lower than 1100 ℃, and the coking is very easy in the pyrolysis process; and coking is easy to form ash slag and is large, when the coking is melted into large blocks, the coking falls down from the upper part due to gravity and is crashed into a radiant tube arranged below, so that the uniformity of the existing temperature field can be influenced, the impact abrasion of the radiant tube can be aggravated, the radiant tube can be operated for a long time, and the radiant tube is easy to leak air, so that potential safety hazards are brought. The device adopts a mode of vertically arranging the radiant tubes, and can not impact the lower radiant tubes even if normal coking occurs, so that long-time safe operation can be ensured.
More specifically, in the long-time operation process, the speed is higher and higher in the process that materials descend from the top to the bottom, when the heat accumulating type radiant tubes are transversely arranged, impact abrasion to the radiant tubes is quite high, and experiments show that when the material medium is Cr28Ni48w5 steel, 3-5mm particles are above 900 ℃, and the continuous operation is carried out for a long time, the abrasion loss to the steel can reach 1-2.3mm each year, so that great economic loss is caused.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the device has strong adaptability to cohesiveness coal, and the cohesiveness of the coal is the property of whether coal particles can bond themselves or inert substances (i.e. substances without cohesive force) into coke blocks after isolating air from heating; during pyrolysis, coal generally undergoes several stages of softening, fusing, expanding, curing and shrinking. When the temperature is equal to or higher than the softening point (generally 315-350 ℃) of coal, the coal is softened into a colloid, and for cohesiveness coal, the caking coal is extremely easy to adhere to itself or other substances in the range, so that the problems of material filling, blockage, incapability of discharging semicoke products and the like occur in a furnace, and for a transverse radiant tube arrangement mode, the material is directly contacted with the radiant tube in the falling process of the material, the large-area coking phenomenon can lead the material to be blocked, the pressure in the furnace is increased, the phenomena of external leakage of pyrolysis gas and the like are easily caused, and after the vertical tube arrangement mode is adopted, the contact area with the material is reduced, and the coking phenomenon caused by cohesiveness is greatly improved.
Example 1: the device takes coal in a Shaanxi elm coal mine factory as a raw material, the grain size is shown in table 1, the pyrolysis device is utilized to carry out pyrolysis process on the coal, the pulverized coal is dried in advance, and after the drying, the elm coal base data of the pulverized coal are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Ulmus coal particle size distribution
Table 2: elm coal base data
The height of the pyrolysis furnace body is 6 meters, the treatment capacity is 15kg/h, the pyrolysis furnace is operated for 20 hours, and the pressure in the pyrolysis furnace is 0.4MPa; the temperature of the heat accumulating radiant tube is set to 1000 ℃, 174kg of semicoke is finally obtained, 96kg of pyrolysis gas and 30kg of pyrolysis oil water are obtained; compared with the same operation condition under normal pressure, the total yield of semicoke and pyrolysis gas is improved by 12.5 percent. And the test is smoothly carried out until the test is finished, and the problems of blocking, and the like do not occur.
The inventor finds that the multistage rapid pyrolysis device is designed into a pressure-bearing container, the gas pressure is increased, the volume is reduced, the device is miniaturized, the flow of the subsequent tail gas purification process is greatly reduced, and the equipment and process cost is reduced; the reasonable standpipe arrangement is adopted, so that the abrasion loss of the lower-end radiant tube is reduced to be almost zero, the equipment maintenance cost is reduced, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged; the semicoke after the rapid pyrolysis can be used as a raw material of a power plant boiler, so that the difficulty in treating the semicoke is solved; in addition, the coal type adopted by the invention is in a certain granularity range, the difference of residence time of the pulverized coal at high temperature in the furnace is fully utilized, the pyrolysis reaction can be rapidly completed aiming at the pulverized coal with different particle sizes, and the height of the furnace body is reduced while the pyrolysis effect is ensured.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element in question must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention, as well as variations in the detailed description and application of the invention, as would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings of this application.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-stage fast pyrolysis apparatus comprising: furnace body and heat accumulation formula radiant tube, its characterized in that, the furnace body includes: the furnace comprises an upper furnace body, a connector and a lower furnace body which are sequentially communicated, wherein the diameter of the furnace body is changed through the connector, so that the diameters of the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body are different, and pulverized coal with different particle diameters is processed;
the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body are both cylindrical, the connecting body is in a truncated cone shape, and the diameter of the upper furnace body is larger than that of the lower furnace body;
the regenerative radiant tube includes: the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube and circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube, wherein, the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube runs through the furnace body and is located the middle part of the inner chamber of furnace body, circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is the circumference and arranges around the central heat accumulation formula radiant tube, includes: the first circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube and second circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube, first circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is vertical runs through the inner chamber of upper segment furnace body, the second circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube is vertical set up in the inner chamber of hypomere furnace body, first circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube and second circumference layer heat accumulation formula radiant tube all include: the heat accumulating type radiant tubes are provided with center angles of 15-60 degrees;
further comprises: the device comprises a material inlet, a first pyrolysis gas outlet, a second pyrolysis gas outlet and a semicoke outlet, wherein the material inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body, the first pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the upper-section furnace body, the second pyrolysis gas outlet is arranged on the middle side wall of the lower-section furnace body, and the semicoke outlet is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body;
the diameter of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is 10-45cm, the diameter of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is 10-30cm, the diameter of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is 5-15cm, and the diameter of the central heat accumulating type radiant tube is 1-1.5 times of the diameter of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube.
2. The multi-section rapid pyrolysis apparatus of claim 1 wherein one end of the central regenerative radiant tube is located at the material inlet and the other end is located at the semicoke outlet; one end of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the material inlet, and the other end of the first circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube penetrates through the connecting body and extends to the outside of the upper furnace body; one end of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the blanking port of the connecting body, and the other end of the second circumferential layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is positioned at the semicoke outlet.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first circumferential layer of regenerative radiant tubes form a circle having a radius r 1 The radius of the circle formed by the second circumference layer heat accumulating type radiant tube is r 2 The radius of the upper furnace body is R, wherein 2/5< r 1 /R<4/5，2/5< r 2 /r 1 <4/5。
4. A multi-stage fast pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the number of layers of the first circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube and the second circumferential layer regenerative radiant tube are at least one.
5. The multi-stage fast pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the included angles of the centers of the circles are the same.
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| CN201309903Y (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2009-09-16 | 上海万强科技开发有限公司 | Heat storage type pyrolysis sub melting furnace |
| CN104774628A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-15 | 长安大学 | Vertical type pulverized coal pyrolyzing furnace |
| CN205999332U (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-03-08 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | A kind of pyrolytic reaction device |
| CN208104293U (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-11-16 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | Multisection type rapid pyrolysis apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201309903Y (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2009-09-16 | 上海万强科技开发有限公司 | Heat storage type pyrolysis sub melting furnace |
| CN104774628A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-15 | 长安大学 | Vertical type pulverized coal pyrolyzing furnace |
| CN205999332U (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-03-08 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | A kind of pyrolytic reaction device |
| CN208104293U (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-11-16 | 北京神雾电力科技有限公司 | Multisection type rapid pyrolysis apparatus |
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