CN1077423A - The method of automobile and this automobile of driving - Google Patents

The method of automobile and this automobile of driving Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1077423A
CN1077423A CN92113076A CN92113076A CN1077423A CN 1077423 A CN1077423 A CN 1077423A CN 92113076 A CN92113076 A CN 92113076A CN 92113076 A CN92113076 A CN 92113076A CN 1077423 A CN1077423 A CN 1077423A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
automobile
driving engine
motor
power
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
CN92113076A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
乌沃·阿德勒
汉斯-尤根·德莱克瑟
蒂特·卢茨
弗兰茨·纳格勒
马丁·奥克斯
斯泰凡·施堡尔德
汉斯-约歇姆·施米特-伯旅肯
沃夫冈·蒂勒
米歇尔·瓦格纳
霍尔格·维斯特道夫
赖纳·维克纳柯
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Mannesmann AG filed Critical Mannesmann AG
Publication of CN1077423A publication Critical patent/CN1077423A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B60K5/08—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units comprising more than one engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of comprise at least two independently explosive motor automobiles and drive its method.It comprises the electrical generator by internal combustion engine drives, it passes through at least one large power, electrically electronic circuit at least one electrical motor feed, each electrical motor is connected with automobile driving wheel transmission ground, its explosive motor externally is a structural unit, and have two cylinders at least, be divided at least two separate branch electrical generators that respectively have transmission shaft, they are according to the motion work of the combustion chamber valve of explosive motor, and each transmission shaft is connected with an independent driving engine, realizes good coordination between power and effect horse power demand.

Description

The method of automobile and this automobile of driving
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of automobile and this automobile of driving, this method comprises at least two independently of each other by the electrical generator of internal combustion engine drives, through at least one large power, electrically electronic circuit is at least one electrical motor feed, and at least one drive wheel of each and this automobile is in transmission connection in these electrical motors.
Each explosive motor can be thought a maximum power of determining.Its efficient depends on each selected operating point.Fig. 1 has shown rated efficiency (η/η A qualitatively Max) and by the rating horsepower (P/P of explosive motor output Max) between relation curve.Under certain determined power, this driving engine reached its optimum efficiency; If the power of being exported is higher or lower than this operation optimum value, then deterioration of efficiency.
Germany Patent document DE-374891C 2Disclose a kind of automobile, it uses the explosive motor of two same power as propulsion source, and each operates the clutch via one and is connected on the total comprehensive actuator.This comprehensive actuator is connected with a change-speed box or automatic transmission with hydraulic torque converter on the other hand, thereby driving power is supplied with the drive spindle of automobile.This drive scheme that is used for autotruck and este wagon provides such possibility, only need be lower than automobile maximum power half (for example with relative constant speed at running on expressway) when operation at part load, one of only utilize in two combustion engines when driving, can keep high as far as possible maximum drive power in the operation phase.Thereby realize less expenditure of energy,, close on its best operating point operation more frequently because the explosive motor that uses is compared with an explosive motor that is in the total maximum power condition of automobile separately.As seen the major defect of this technical scheme is: described comprehensive actuator brings necessary structure, the consumption of M R, and drive spindle that cause with the selectivity connectivity problem separate output coupling of each explosive motor.
The driven compressor of A/C and the rotor machine in the automobile have been Germany Patent document DE-3941998C 1Disclosed, it is equipped with a traction electric machine that is totally independent of combustion engine.It is said that this can make the operation of the assisted group zoarium of automobile have rational consumption, and this additional explosive motor is not used in automobile driving itself.
Germany Patent document DE-3620362A 1A kind of automobile that two explosive motors are housed is provided, and it comprises two electrical generators, be used for the power of explosive motor output is transformed into electric current, these electric currents be sent to a plurality of do traction machine and with each drive wheel bonded assembly electrical motor of automobile in.Therefore the drive spindle of automobile does not comprise the mechanical attachment between explosive motor and the drive wheel.Similarly scheme is referring to ED3741891C 2Should realize the operating condition of consumption rationally as much as possible at different power grades, one of can select in two explosive motors or two work simultaneously, mutual different configuration by two explosive motor maximum powers, can realize three kinds of different maximum power level, so automobile can travel correspondingly at three operating points with best consumption operating mode.For long as far as possible remaining on has the best operation phase that consumes operating mode, this automobile is equipped with a rotating energy memory device, this energy can be obtained or be provided from the short-term propelling energy, so that the actual developed power of explosive motor is harmonious with effect horse power with driving.
According to DE3620362A 1The automobile of describing, two explosive motors be two fully independently with the device of spaced apart layout, their performance is incoordinate.Consider the requirement of reasonable consumption and/or low objectionable impurities operation, the direct coupling that the effect horse power of explosive motor and automobile needs is quite coarse, promptly by turning on and off two explosive motors.
About the different wear problems fast of the expectation of two explosive motors, not mentioned in this specification sheets.But recommended an embodiment on the contrary, promptly the 2nd explosive motor can be easy to remove and install, and for saving in weight, only asks for corresponding required driving power during this running car.But this has just in time run counter to the requirement that two explosive motors have same degree of wear.
The driving method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of automobile and this automobile, has a compact design type, under this sound construction situation of maintenance, can realize the good coordination between the effect horse power demand of power that explosive motor produces and the explosive motor of continuous working in the optimality criterion scope, described optimization criteria refers to consuming, get rid of objectionable impurities and/or all favourable operating point of noise reduction.
The objective of the invention is to realize according to following technical proposals.Automobile of the present invention comprises at least two separate combustion engines and by the electrical generator (G1-G5) of internal combustion engine drives, by at least one large power, electrically electronic circuit (L 1L 1, L 2, L 3) at least one electrical motor (E 1-E 4) feed, the driving wheel (R of each and automobile in this electrical motor 1-R 4) at least one driving coupling, this automobile also comprises it externally being the holistic structural unit of twin-tub explosive motor (V) at least that has, it is divided at least two and respectively has imput shaft (bent axle K 1-K 5) separate branch driving engine (V 1-V 5), these driving engines are relevant with the valve working situation of the combustion chamber of explosive motor (V), and each imput shaft (K 1-K 5) and an independent electrical generator (G 1-G 5) be connected.
During automotive operation, according to travel situations, electronic control package makes branch driving engine (V 1-V 5) the such combination of maintenance; For reaching that target one of is demarcated in " less automotive fuel consumption ", " less objectionable impurities produces " and " less noise radiation " or whole, produce an optimum value that the power of IC engine of power moment is provided by navigating mate.
Further configuration of the present invention and method feature are recorded and narrated in the content of dependent claims 2-12 and 14-15.
The present invention will 1 to 6 further be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and explosive motor refers to reciprocating piston formula version here, and the present invention also can finish with the explosive motor of other form certainly.The notion of described " cylinder " has a kind of implication of having expanded here: a twin-tub explosive motor also comprises for example multiple rotating piston (2-Scheiben-Rotationskolbenmotor) driving engine of two disks.Accompanying drawing is:
Fig. 1: the principle diagram of curves that the rated efficiency of explosive motor changes with the rating horsepower that is provided;
Fig. 2: have two four cylinder explosive motors with the branch driving engine of spline structure;
Fig. 3: the six cylinder explosive motors that have the branch driving engine of three different sizes;
Fig. 4: the explosive motor that has the branch driving engine of three spatial destribution alter modes;
Fig. 5: the five-cylinder internal combustion engine that has five branch driving engines;
Fig. 6: the comparison scheme drawing of different vehicle transmission schemes.
The present invention realizes according to such knowledge concepts, for making the explosive motor operation optimization that drives automobile, consider and in combustion process, must limit certain automotive fuel consumption and noise and the objectionable impurities that is produced, therefore temporarily close the part of used internal combustion engine drives according to the actual requirements on one's own initiative, it is useful doing like this.
As shown in Figure 7, because that the time goes up is different, the driving power size of demand is also different, needs often to use total combustion engine powered, and combustion engine then must often be operated in beyond the best operating point.This problem is at ED3620360A 1Can alleviate greatly in the disclosed automotive fittings, as previously described, automobile is not only to have a power grade, but has three power grades, therefrom scalable goes out a best operating point, and this is because two explosive motors can be selected one of them or two common operations.The present invention is from this thought, further explosive motor is split up into the branch driving engine of running independently of each other, this that is to say that explosive motor still keeps as structural unit, and not resemble in the existing device be separated single unit on two spaces.The solution of the present invention is brought tangible beneficial effect, for example the cylinder number of the Zui Xiao unit that works alone (branch driving engine) can reduce to 1, and prior art provides multi-cylinder machine (for example three or four cylinders) to two explosive motors from the beginning according to the requirement (force of inertia and gas pressure balancing) of control vibration by contrast.This single cylinder-minute driving engine can be realized optionally total momently co-operation or shutoff.Thereby produce a plurality of power grades, the propelling energy of explosive motor is operated on the best operating point according to each desirable target demarcation (for example consumption, objectionable impurities, noise emission) therein.When not having the intermediate storage link, also might realize the coordination process with the meticulous adjusting of effect horse power demand, and this point is considerable by explosive motor institute developed power.
Fig. 2 has described the embodiment of four cylinder explosive motor V manufactured according to the present invention, and this driving engine is divided into two branch driving engine V 1And V 2, each divides driving engine V 1, V 2Has independent bent axle K 1Or K 2, be used for power is handed on by each piston of twin-tub automotive fuel burning in cylinder.
The work of valve and the feed system of fuel and igniting are not shown in the drawings with the electric current input system, and they are contained in each and divide driving engine V 1, V 2On.Similar with the scheme of not assembling total bent axle, valve control system does not have the distributor axle of general assembly yet.But this explosive motor V resembles a common quadruple cylinder engine job to external enwergy, and this point is to realize that by not shown electronic control system this control system is according to two bent axle K 1, K 2Revolution and these two branch driving engine V of corresponding phase adjusted 1, V 2, make to resemble at two branch driving engine V 1, V 2Between a mechanical clutch is housed.
These two branch driving engine V 1, V 2Axle drive shaft promptly be described two bent axle K 1, K 2, their each and an electrical generator G 1And G 2Link, in case therefore one or two minute driving engine enter running state, electrical generator G 1And G 2Can send electric energy.This electric current shown in arrow among Fig. 2 via large power, electrically electronic circuit L 1And L 2Be sent in the not shown one or more electrical motors as propulsion source.Here the power supply of electrical motor is two distinct power generation assemblys, thereby but the height mastery of automobile driving is guaranteed from the beginning.
As a minute driving engine V 1, V 2One of or electrical generator G 1, G 2One of or two large power, electrically electronic circuit L 1, L 2In one of during et out of order, automobile (having the power that reduces by half) still can be in the operation readiness.
One big advantage of automobile of the present invention is the permanent magnetic machine that electrical generator and electrical motor are the control of DC electronic multiplier.
These machines have high power density, only require fewer installing space, and can regulate on high efficient and flexible ground according to revolution and power.Two branch driving engine V are in operation 1, V 2Therefore can coordinate mutually, externally produce the characteristic performance of a traditional quadruple cylinder engine.A kind of like this effect is that the automobile of existing type so far is unexistent.
Electrical generator G 1, G 2Also can be used as self-starting motor and be used for branch driving engine V 1, V 2This plays energy source can be by memory storage (for example lead battery) or also can obtain from existing operating electrical generator.Described " starter " G 1And G 2Have and the corresponding power of branch engine power,, divide driving engine V as long as required electric current provides 1, V 2Just can in the shortest time, be " pulled " its desired worker's rotating speed.
Bent axle K 1, K 2Phase place be by with electrical generator G 1, G 2The position at the angle of the rotor that connects determines that the position at this angle is the electronic signal that is used for electrical generator control, and the respective change that therefore can lead to the position of rotor angle synchronously of crank position realizes in simple mode.
Shown one six cylinder explosive motor among Fig. 3, it is divided into three branch driving engine V 1, V 2, V 3, its each have two cylinders again, the branch driving engine V among its structural principle such as Fig. 2 1, V 2The same, Fig. 3 branch driving engine V only 1, V 2, V 3Power be according to separately scantling of structure classification.For example, to be set to be small size twice of dividing engine power to the power of medium sized minute driving engine.
Among the embodiment shown in the figure, three branch driving engine V 1, V 2, V 3Divide driving engine V in (gross horsepower for example is 70kw) 2(for example power is 20kw) is branch driving engine V 1The twice of power (for example 10kw), and divide driving engine V 3(for example 40kw) is again branch driving engine V 2The twice of power.By a kind of like this design, make maximum power according to the branch driving engine V that turns round simultaneously 1And V 2And V 3Respective combination be divided into 7 power grades (2 altogether 3-1), will provide an optimum operation operation point of satisfying the target calibration request at each power grade.For having four situations of the branch driving engine of assembling like this, will realize 15 average spaced power grades (2 altogether 4-1).
Consider the requirement of equilbrium running, the present invention advises branch driving engine V 1, V 2, V 3In each has two cylinders.Described separated bent axle K 1, K 2, K 3Transmission ground and electrical generator G independently 1, G 2, G 3Link, the electrical generator opposite side again with large power, electrically electronic circuit L 1, L 2, L 3Join.Inputing to the lead of drive of motor among the figure with the arrow indicator current, is to adopt bus to realize under existing situation, when having a plurality of transmissions when using electrical motor, constitutes current path respectively lead also can resemble among Fig. 2.Described drive of motor for example is to realize at the independent electrical motor of the cardan wheel upper flange bonded assembly of automobile by one, with the difference of Fig. 2 be textural association and the electrical generator G of the explosive motor V here 1, G 2, G 3Not only be electrically connected with transmission gear for electric motor, and with a chargeable electrical energy storage device (for example lead battery, cond, chemical energy source memory device) electric joining, especially receive on the rotating energy memory storage 5 of an electrizer/electrical generator effect.Thereby branch driving engine V by the running condition selection 1, V 2, V 3In the combination each can be operated on the optimized operating point constantly, and this is because driving power that was provided at that time by navigating mate and electrical generator G at that time 1, G 2, G 3The difference of institute's developed power can be received and be supplied with by energy accumulator 5.Described minute driving engine V 1, V 2, V 3The deviation of best operating point is inappreciable for power match.
Divide driving engine V 1, V 2, V 3With electrical generator G 1, G 2, G 3Spatial destribution can be referring to the content of Fig. 4, i.e. two less branch driving engine V 1And V 2Adjacent layout, and with the branch driving engine V of maximum 3Corresponding placement obtains a suitable compact design combination with this.In the situation of Fig. 4, different with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is described three electrical generator G 1, G 2, G 3Be connected on the common large power, electrically electronic circuit L each electrical generator G in this circuit 1, G 2, G 3The control electronic circuit still finish its controllable function separately, just always be fitted together on the space.
Fig. 5 represents another embodiment of explosive motor V of the present invention, and it relates to a kind of five branch driving engine V that comprise 1-V 5Driving engine, wherein each comprises a cylinder, each minute driving engine V 1-V 5Structure is identical.The bent axle K that respectively separates 1-K 5With previous embodiments, be connected to a corresponding independent electrical generator G 1-G 5On.Electrical generator G 1-G 5Stator S 1-S 5Be contained in branch driving engine V 1-V 5Crank chamber inside, and mechanical connection with it.Electrical generator G 1-G 5Rotor R T 1-RT 5(outer rotor) independently divides driving engine V as vibrating disk to each 1-V 5The generation effect.Be electrically connected with control setup not shownly, but can derive according to the situation in the aforementioned embodiments of the invention.The preceence of this embodiment is: electrical generator G 1-G 5All be contained in branch driving engine V 1-V 5Crank chamber in, thereby conserve space greatly.This organization plan of explosive motor also is very favourable from the viewpoint of finished product technology in addition, because (refer to V here by the branch driving engine of identical structure 1-V 5) driving engine that constitutes can be had a cylinder number (lacking as 4,6 or 8) arbitrarily, and can by cordwood system fit together, another advantage has been the confession under directions spare part of suitable simplification, made things convenient for the requirement of safeguarding and overhauling, this example relates to the system ensemble of a kind of highly redundant (hochredundantes), therefore has quite outstanding mastery.Because bent axle K 1-K 5Phase place can be regulated arbitrarily, but the equal optimization of the inertia balance of number of cylinders arbitrarily then, the branch driving engine V that is in operation 1-V 5Moment whenever circles does not have mechanical action to produce, thereby can reach minimizing of engine vibration intensity.
Divide the identical embodiment of the equal structure of driving engine also to have following preceence, an operation at part load situation, driving engine all turned round in not all minute, can realize that all segmentation motors have uniform degree of wear by the different choice to the branch driving engine of determining power grade in time course.Here must grasp and utilize electronic control means to control time of run and load parameter (for example according to electric power that affiliated electrical generator provided).So far the branch driving engine technology of also seldom using will be used for the running under power process of automobile more and more.
Fig. 6 represents according to four of automobile of the present invention different drive schemes.In these examples, use symbol E 1-E 4Representative be used for automobile drive electric motor device, as aforementioned a kind of possibility of having selected, be not to be connected with a versatile spindle flange, neither be connected with versatile spindle by a driving device, but direct separately and driving wheel R 1-R 4One of mechanical connection, thereby saved the cost that is used for a versatile spindle and a differential transmitting linkage, alleviated weight simultaneously.
Fig. 6 a represents a kind of back-wheel drive scheme.Be connected to two branch driving engine V 1And V 2On electrical generator G 1And G 2, be driving wheel R 1And R 2Two electrical motor E 1And E 2Feed, these electrical generators be loaded on altogether in the same space with one again but on the function respectively to electrical generator G 1, G 2With electrical motor E 1, E 2The large power, electrically electronic circuit L that controls is electrically connected.Fig. 6 b represents a kind of f-w-d scheme, wherein electrical motor E in the corresponding way 3And E 4With fwd driving wheel R 3And R 4Link.People as can be seen because the change speed gear box of automobile, the general deviation of differential transmitting linkage and versatile spindle, vehicle structure cost of the present invention is that f-w-d and back-wheel drive all obviously reduce.
Then also can use the all-wheel drive scheme, as shown in Fig. 6 c, especially with traditional pure mechanical solution comparison, all-wheel drive can be realized less ancillary cost with respect to front-wheel or back-wheel drive mode.Fig. 6 d has shown variation scheme of all-wheel powered, its two electrical generator G 1, G 2Each respectively with affiliated large power, electrically electronic circuit L 1And L 2Be connected.As rear wheel R 1And R 2Motor E 1, E 2Receive from large power, electrically electronic circuit L 1Electric current the time, large power, electrically electronic circuit L 2Also be trailing wheel R 3And R 4Motor E 3And E 4Feed.Here comprise two branch driving engine V at least 1, V 2, and have two separate drive spindles.By two large power, electrically electronic circuit L 1And L 2Between electric clutch, the distribution moving electrode V that is in operation not only independent 1, V 2In one of or an energy source of two drive spindles can be guaranteed.
In the running under power of automobile of the present invention, drive with this combination that divides driving engine electronic control package respectively is housed, the as close as possible optimum value that satisfies required target demarcation of the driving power that provides by navigating mate is provided.Improve actually or reduce the driving power that is provided, that is to say the degree that departs from said so far " the best " operating point, these are all monitored by electronic control package, this controller determines whether to get the another kind combination of branch driving engine may the more approaching target that requires, and whether perhaps be in operation increases attached branch driving engine (in moment second) and/or the single minute driving engine parking that helps.
A major advantage of technical solution of the present invention can be found out from the redundant data that automobile drives, but can guarantee a kind of high mastery.
Demarcate according to all types of target, by the trial to the explosive motor system optimization, the present invention can realize a circlet border pressure (objectionable impurities effluent, noise transmission) and an energy-saving equipment (automotive fuel consumption, the material of uniform wear is safeguarded).

Claims (15)

1, a kind of automobile that comprises at least two separate explosive motors also comprises the electrical generator (G by internal combustion engine drives 1-G 5), electrical generator is by at least one large power, electrically electronic circuit (L, L 1, L 2, L 3) at least one electrical motor (E 1-E 4) feed, the driving wheel (R of each and automobile in this electrical motor 1-R 4) at least one transmission ground be connected, it is characterized in that: described explosive motor (V) externally is a structural unit, and has two cylinders at least, it is divided at least two and respectively has transmission shaft (bent axle K 1-K 5) separate branch electrical generator (V 1-V 5), these driving engines are according to the motion work of the valve of the combustion chamber of explosive motor (V), and each transmission shaft (K 1-K 5) and an independent electrical generator (G 1-G 5) be connected.
2, according to the automobile of claim 1, it is characterized in that: divide driving engine (V 1-V 5) in each all is subordinated to an independently large power, electrically electronic circuit (L 1-L 3).
3, according to the automobile of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described large power, electrically electronic circuit (L 1-L 3) and motor (G 1-G 3) mutual electric joining.
4, according to the automobile one of in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: electrical generator (G 1-G 5) and electrical motor (E 1-E 4) be DC generator, adopt the permanent magnetic machine of electronics multiplication control formula form.
5, according to the automobile one of among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: each drive wheels (R 1-R 4) an independent electrical motor (E all is housed 1-E 4).
6, according to the automobile one of among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: have three branch driving engine (V at least 1-V 5).
7, according to the automobile one of among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: wherein each divides driving engine (V 1-V 3) have two cylinders at least.
8, according to the automobile one of among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: these minutes driving engine (V 1-V 5) structure identical.
9, according to the automobile one of among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: all divide driving engine (V 1-V 3) have different power levels, these minutes driving engine (V 1-V 3) between preferably by following principle classification, promptly divide driving engine (V 1, V 2) in each approximately has branch driving engine (V 2And V 3) half magnitude of power of power.
10, according to the automobile one of among the claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: described large power, electrically electronic circuit (L, L 1-L 3) be electrically connected with the rotating energy memory storage of a chargeable energy accumulator, especially a motor/generator formula.
11, according to the automobile one of in the claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that: described large power, electrically electronic circuit (L 1, L 2) in drive wheel (R on each and the automobile axle 1, R 2And R 3, R 4) electrical motor (E 1, E 2And E 3, E 4) link mutually.
12, according to the automobile one of in the claim 1 to 11, it is characterized in that electrical generator (G 1-G 5) in each divides driving engine (V under being contained in 1-V 5) crankshaft room inside.
13, a kind of method that drives according to the automobile one of in the claim 1 to 12 is characterized in that:
When going out car and travel, described electronic controller is controlled input or is closed down branch driving engine (V according to driving conditions for satisfying " less automotive fuel consumption ", " low objectionable impurities is discharged " and " low noise propagations " these targets one of in demarcating or all 1-V 2) certain the operation array mode, just the explosive motor of being given by navigating mate (V) instantaneous power reaches optimum regime.
14, according to the method for claim 13, it is characterized in that: segmentation motor (V 1-V 5) structure is identical, in the operation at part load situation of explosive motor (V), the power of the explosive motor (V) that is provided by navigating mate is to select operating minute driving engine (V by electronic control package by changing 1-V 5) various combinations produce, its prerequisite is that all divide driving engine (V 1-V 5) on average have same degree of wear in time.
15, according to the method one of in the claim 13 to 14, it is characterized in that: be to realize the little operating condition of extent of vibration, segmentation motor (V 1-V 5) according to bent axle (K 1-K 5) rotating speed and relative phase regulate, and when rotation speed change, do following adjusting: make the balance that reaches force of inertia and gaseous tension in the explosive motor (V).
CN92113076A 1991-10-11 1992-10-10 The method of automobile and this automobile of driving Withdrawn CN1077423A (en)

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DEP4134160.0 1991-10-11
DE4134160A DE4134160A1 (en) 1991-10-11 1991-10-11 MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THIS MOTOR VEHICLE

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MX9205812A (en) 1993-07-01
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