CN107741275B - Multispectral imaging system - Google Patents
Multispectral imaging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107741275B CN107741275B CN201711016014.2A CN201711016014A CN107741275B CN 107741275 B CN107741275 B CN 107741275B CN 201711016014 A CN201711016014 A CN 201711016014A CN 107741275 B CN107741275 B CN 107741275B
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- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
- G01J2003/2826—Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging
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- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a multispectral imaging system which comprises an objective lens group, a plurality of spectroscopes, a plurality of optical filters, a relay lens group and a detector focal plane. The number of the light splitting stages and the number are determined according to the number of the multispectral spectrum segments, so that the number of the spectroscope, the optical filter, the relay lens group and the focal plane of the detector are determined, and the light splitting sheet is determined to be energy light splitting or color light splitting or a reasonable combination of the two according to the spectrum segment distribution. The intermediate image surface with image space telecentricity is introduced into the system, so that the problem of center wavelength drift of different fields of view of the multi-spectrum system of an interference filter type is solved, and the aim of simultaneous detection of different detector focal planes is fulfilled by controlling the distance between each detector focal plane and the intermediate image surface; meanwhile, under the condition that the field of view and the focal length of the multispectral system are given, the caliber of the system is increased according to the requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical imaging, and particularly relates to a multispectral imaging system with an intermediate image plane telecentric in an image space, a common aperture based on light splitting, and simultaneity and parallax-free images between spectral bands.
Background
A multispectral imaging system is an imaging system that can obtain both a target image and spectral information. The method is widely applied to aspects of military target investigation, homeland investigation, vegetation analysis, climate change monitoring, crop estimation, material composition analysis and the like.
Spectral imaging can be classified into hyperspectral imaging and multispectral imaging according to the level of spectral resolution. Multispectral imaging has lower spectral resolution and is generally realized by adopting a technical route of an imaging system and a light filter. Common multispectral imaging systems are filter wheel multispectral imaging systems and array multispectral imaging systems. The filter wheel type multispectral imaging system has the advantages that multispectral images share the same caliber in a time sharing way, no parallax exists between the images, the images between the spectral ranges are not acquired at the same time, and the time difference exists, so that the filter wheel type multispectral imaging system is suitable for close-range static target imaging; the array type multispectral imaging system is just opposite, has the advantages that images of all the spectral sections are acquired simultaneously, no time difference exists, and the defects that images of the spectral sections are not of the same caliber, parallax exists, so that the array type multispectral imaging system is suitable for long-distance dynamic target imaging.
One common problem with filter-based multispectral imaging systems is that: the transmission wave band of the optical filter shifts to short waves along with the increase of the incidence angle of light rays. Since the optical filter is mostly realized by plating a multi-layer dielectric film, the characteristic that the transmittance curve moves left with the increase of the incident angle is inherent to the multi-layer dielectric film. Therefore, in multispectral imaging systems, the filter is typically placed at a small angle of incidence. In practical applications, in order not to destroy the integrity of the optical lens, the optical filter is generally placed before the optical lens or before the back focal plane of the lens. For small-aperture systems for small field of view or near field imaging, a filter is typically placed in front of the optical lens.
For a multispectral system with a front-mounted optical filter, in order to ensure the consistency of spectral transmittance of each field of view, the field of view is required to be very small or an optical lens is required to be telecentric at an object space. The small view field system is used for imaging infinity, and the general caliber is larger, so that the size of the optical filter is large. An object-side telecentric lens, such as the optical systems described in ZL200910218528.5 and ZL200920244895.8, may be used for near targets.
For systems placed in front of the back focal plane of the lens, the optical lens is required to be telecentric at the image side in order to ensure uniformity of spectral transmittance of the individual fields of view. A typical Mars vehicle, such as the american curie number (MSL), carries a multispectral camera, with a quasi-telecentric lens, and a filter wheel located between the lens and the focal plane. To obtain a broader spectrum multispectral image, the optical system should be a fully reflective image-side telecentric system, such as those described in US patents 4,226,501 (1980), U.S. patent 4,240,707, ZL200910020932.1, ZL2013010426053.5, and the like.
Both multispectral imaging systems need to control the numerical aperture of the object side and the image side according to the spectrum precision requirement, and the narrower the spectrum bandwidth is, the smaller the required numerical aperture is, which can lead to the reduction of imaging energy and the reduction of the image spatial resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a multispectral imaging system. Specifically, the multispectral imaging system with an image space telecentric middle image plane, spectrum-section image simultaneity and parallax-free based on the common aperture of light splitting comprises an entrance pupil, an objective lens group, N spectroscopes, a filter plate, a relay lens group and a detector focal plane, wherein the filter plate, the relay lens group and the detector focal plane are arranged according to the number of spectrum channels; the multispectral imaging system includes at least two spectral channels; the field light beam is firstly incident into the multispectral imaging system through an entrance pupil, and the objective lens group is arranged in a mode of focusing the light beam incident through the entrance pupil to form an intermediate image plane with telecentricity of an image space; the number N of the spectroscopes is more than or equal to 1, the view field light beam is divided into at least two beams by the N spectroscopes, and each beam of light forms a spectrum channel; the filter is arranged in such a manner as to filter the split light beam in each spectral channel; the relay lens group is arranged in a manner of focusing the split light beam in each spectrum channel; the detector focal plane is set in a mode of receiving the light which is filtered by the filter and focused by the relay lens group in each spectrum channel; the distance from the focal plane of each detector to the central image plane is equal.
Further, the multispectral imaging system includes two spectral channels; the field light beam is firstly incident into the multispectral imaging system through the entrance pupil, the light beam is focused on the intermediate image plane through the objective lens group, the light beam is divided into two beams through the first spectroscope, one beam of light forms a first spectrum channel, and the first spectrum channel is formed by the following steps: the light reflected by the first spectroscope is filtered by the first filter, and then focused and incident on a focal plane of the first detector by the first relay lens group; the other beam of light forms a second spectral channel, which is formed in the following manner: the light beam transmitted by the first spectroscope is filtered by the second filter, and then focused and incident on a focal plane of the second detector by the second relay lens group; the distance from the first detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane is equal to the distance from the second detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane.
Still further, the multispectral imaging system includes eight spectral channels; the field-of-view light beam is incident on the objective lens group through the entrance pupil, the objective lens group focuses the light beam on the intermediate image plane, and the light beam is divided into two beams through the first spectroscope;
The light reflected by the first spectroscope is incident to the first secondary spectroscope to carry out secondary light splitting; the second-stage light beam transmitted by the first second-stage light splitter is incident to the first third-stage light splitter to generate third-stage light splitting, wherein the reflected light beam is focused on a first detector focal plane after passing through a first optical filter and a first relay lens group to form a first spectrum channel, and the transmitted light beam is focused on a second detector focal plane after passing through a second optical filter and a second relay lens group to form a second spectrum channel; the second-stage light beam reflected by the first second-stage light splitter is incident to the second third-stage light splitter to generate third-stage light splitting, wherein the reflected light beam is focused on a third detector focal plane after passing through a third optical filter and a third relay lens group to form a third spectrum channel, and the transmitted light beam is focused on a fourth detector focal plane after passing through a fourth optical filter and a fourth relay lens group to form a fourth spectrum channel; the light transmitted by the first spectroscope is incident to the second secondary spectroscope to carry out secondary light splitting; the second-stage light beam transmitted by the second-stage light splitter is incident to the third-stage light splitter to generate third-stage light splitting, wherein the transmitted light beam passes through a fifth optical filter and a fifth relay lens group and then is focused on a focal plane of a fifth detector to form a fifth spectrum channel, and the reflected light beam passes through a sixth optical filter and a sixth relay lens group and then is focused on a focal plane of a sixth detector to form a sixth spectrum channel; the second-stage light beam reflected by the second-stage light splitter is incident to the second third-stage light splitter to generate third-stage light splitting, wherein the transmitted light beam passes through a seventh optical filter and a seventh relay lens group and then is focused on a focal plane of a seventh detector to form a seventh spectral channel, and the reflected light beam passes through an eighth optical filter and an eighth relay lens group and then is focused on a focal plane of an eighth detector to form an eighth spectral channel; the eight detector focal planes are equidistant from the intermediate image plane.
Because the objective lens group is telecentric in image space, the distances from the middle image surface to each focal plane are equal, images can be detected by different detector focal planes at the same time, and the fields of view detected by different detector focal planes are the same, so that the condition of center wavelength drift of different fields of view can not be generated.
Furthermore, the caliber of the system can be increased according to the requirement under the condition that the field of view and the focal length of the multispectral system are given. The beneficial effects are that: by introducing the light-splitting element, the advantages of no time difference and no parallax can be simultaneously satisfied. By introducing an intermediate image plane that is telecentric at the image side, we can determine the f# of the objective lens based on the spectral resolution of the system (generally the higher the spectral resolution, the greater the f#) and can adjust the f# of the overall system by adjusting the magnification of the objective lens group. Thus, for multispectral systems, the energy (spatial resolution) of the image, and the spectral resolution, become independently adjustable variables.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-spectral channel multispectral imaging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an eight-spectral channel multispectral imaging system according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to the drawings and the following examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-spectral channel multispectral imaging system according to the present invention, which includes two spectral channels; the field beam is first incident into the multispectral imaging system through the entrance pupil 10, and is focused on the intermediate image plane by the objective lens group 11, and the beam is split into two beams by the first beam splitter 21. Wherein a beam of light forms a first spectral channel, the first spectral channel being formed in the following manner: the light reflected by the first spectroscope 21 is filtered by the first filter 31, and then focused by the first relay lens group 41 to be incident on the first detector focal plane 51; the other beam of light forms a second spectral channel, which is formed in the following manner: the light beam transmitted by the first spectroscope 21 is filtered by the second filter 32 and then focused by the second relay lens group 42 to be incident on the second detector focal plane 52; the distance from the first detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane is equal to the distance from the second detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an eight spectral channel multispectral imaging system according to the present invention, the multispectral imaging system including eight spectral channels; the field beam is incident on the objective lens group 11 through the entrance pupil 10, the objective lens group 11 focuses the beam on the intermediate image plane, and the beam is split into two beams through the first beam splitter 21.
Wherein the light reflected by the first spectroscope 21 is incident to the first secondary spectroscope 22 for secondary light splitting; the secondary light beam transmitted by the first secondary light splitter 22 is incident on the first tertiary light splitter 24 to generate tertiary light splitting, wherein the reflected light beam is focused on a first detector focal plane 51 after passing through the first optical filter 31 and the first relay lens group 41 to form a first spectrum channel, and the transmitted light beam is focused on a second detector focal plane 52 after passing through the second optical filter 32 and the second relay lens group 42 to form a second spectrum channel; the secondary beam reflected by the first secondary beam splitter 22 is incident on the second tertiary beam splitter 25 for tertiary beam splitting, wherein the reflected beam is focused on the third detector focal plane 53 after passing through the third filter 33 and the third relay lens group 43 to form a third spectral channel, and the transmitted beam is focused on the fourth detector focal plane 54 after passing through the fourth filter 34 and the fourth relay lens group 44 to form a fourth spectral channel.
The light transmitted by the first spectroscope 21 is incident to the second secondary spectroscope 23 for secondary light splitting; the secondary split light beam transmitted by the second secondary split light mirror 23 is incident on the third tertiary beam splitter 26 to generate tertiary split light, wherein the transmitted light beam is focused on a fifth detector focal plane 55 after passing through a fifth optical filter 35 and a fifth relay lens group 44 to form a fifth spectrum channel, and the reflected light beam is focused on a sixth detector focal plane 56 after passing through a sixth optical filter 36 and a sixth relay lens group 46 to form a sixth spectrum channel; the second-stage split light beam reflected by the second-stage splitter 23 is incident on the second third-stage splitter 27 to be split three-stage, wherein the transmitted light beam passes through the seventh filter 37 and the seventh relay lens group 47 and then is focused on the seventh detector focal plane 57 to form a seventh spectral channel, and the reflected light beam passes through the eighth filter 38 and the eighth relay lens group 48 and then is focused on the eighth detector focal plane 58 to form an eighth spectral channel; the eight detector focal planes are equidistant from the intermediate image plane.
Further, the multispectral imaging system related to the above embodiment has a beam splitter that is energy beam splitting or color beam splitting, or a reasonable combination of the two.
Firstly, according to the measurement view field and the size of the focal plane of the detector, relevant parameters of the system are determined, as the objective lens group is telecentric in image space, when the light beam is focused to form an intermediate image plane, if the focal length of the objective lens group is too large, the area of the intermediate image plane is increased, the volume of the system is increased, and the focal length of the objective lens group is too small, the cone angle of the light beam focusing is increased, the incidence angle of the light beam entering the filter is increased, the wave band is increased along with the increase of the incidence angle of the light beam to the short wave drift amount, and the balance between the volume of the system and the measurement precision can be realized through the adjustment of the objective lens group.
Because the objective lens group is telecentric in image space, and the distances from the middle image plane to the focal planes of the detectors are equal, images can be detected by different focal planes of the detectors at the same time, and the fields of view detected by different focal planes of the detectors are the same, the condition of center wavelength drift of different fields of view can not be generated.
By introducing an intermediate image plane with image space telecentricity into the system, the problem of wavelength drift of different visual centers of the multispectral system of the interference filter type is solved; meanwhile, under the condition that the field of view and the focal length of the multispectral system are given, the caliber of the system can be increased as required.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a multispectral imaging system, includes entrance pupil (10), objective group (11), N spectroscope and two at least spectral channel, and N is greater than or equal to 1, spectral channel includes filter, relay lens group and detector focal plane, its characterized in that:
A field-of-view light beam is incident into the multispectral imaging system through an entrance pupil (10);
The objective lens group (11) is arranged to focus the incident view field light beam to form an intermediate image plane with telecentricity of an image space;
The view field light beam emitted from the objective lens group (11) is divided into at least two beams by the N spectroscopes, and each beam of light forms a spectrum channel;
the filter filters the split light beam in the spectrum channel;
the relay lens group focuses the light beams filtered by the filter in a spectrum channel;
the focal plane of the detector receives the light focused by the relay lens group in a spectrum channel;
Wherein the distance from the focal plane of each detector to the intermediate image plane is equal.
2. The multispectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the multispectral imaging system comprises two spectral channels; the light beam of the field of view is incident on the objective lens group (11) through the entrance pupil (10), the objective lens group (11) focuses the light beam on the middle image plane, the light beam is divided into two beams through the first spectroscope (21),
Wherein a beam of light forms a first spectral channel, the first spectral channel being formed in the following manner: the light reflected by the first spectroscope (21) is filtered by the first filter (31) and then focused by the first relay lens group (41) to be incident on the first detector focal plane (51);
The other beam of light forms a second spectral channel, which is formed in the following manner: the light beam transmitted by the first spectroscope (21) is filtered by the second filter (32) and then focused and incident on a second detector focal plane (52) by the second relay lens group (42);
The distance from the first detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane is equal to the distance from the second detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane.
3. The multispectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the multispectral imaging system includes eight spectral channels; the light beam of the field of view is incident on the objective lens group (11) through the entrance pupil (10), the objective lens group (11) focuses the light beam on the middle image plane, and the light beam is divided into two beams through the first spectroscope (21);
Wherein the light reflected by the first spectroscope (21) is incident to the first secondary spectroscope (22) for secondary light splitting; the secondary light beam transmitted by the first secondary light splitter (22) is incident on the first tertiary light splitter (24) to generate tertiary light splitting, wherein the reflected light beam is focused on a first detector focal plane (51) after passing through a first filter (31) and a first relay lens group (41) to form a first spectrum channel, and the transmitted light beam is focused on a second detector focal plane (52) after passing through a second filter (32) and a second relay lens group (42) to form a second spectrum channel; the secondary light beam reflected by the first secondary light splitter (22) is incident to a second tertiary light splitter (25) to generate tertiary light splitting, wherein the reflected light beam is focused on a third detector focal plane (53) after passing through a third filter (33) and a third relay lens group (43) to form a third spectrum channel, and the transmitted light beam is focused on a fourth detector focal plane (54) after passing through a fourth filter (34) and a fourth relay lens group (44) to form a fourth spectrum channel;
the light transmitted by the first spectroscope (21) is incident to the second secondary spectroscope (23) for secondary light splitting; the second-stage light beam transmitted by the second-stage light splitter (23) is incident to a third three-stage light splitter (26) to generate three-stage light splitting, wherein the transmitted light beam is focused on a fifth detector focal plane (55) after passing through a fifth filter (35) and a fifth relay lens group (45) to form a fifth spectrum channel, and the reflected light beam is focused on a sixth detector focal plane (56) after passing through a sixth filter (36) and a sixth relay lens group (46) to form a sixth spectrum channel; the second-stage light beam reflected by the second-stage light splitter (23) is incident on another second third-stage light splitter (27) to generate third-stage light splitting, wherein the transmitted light beam is focused on a seventh detector focal plane (57) after passing through a seventh filter (37) and a seventh relay lens group (47) to form a seventh spectral channel, the reflected light beam is focused on an eighth detector focal plane (58) after passing through an eighth filter (38) and an eighth relay lens group (48) to form an eighth spectral channel,
The distances from the first detector focal plane to the eighth detector focal plane to the intermediate image plane are equal.
4. A multispectral imaging system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the spectroscope in the spectroscope group is energy beam splitting or color beam splitting, or a combination of the two.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110381232A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-25 | 甘肃智呈网络科技有限公司 | Integral type multispectral imaging photographic device |
| CN108709640A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-26 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multispectral complex detection system |
| CN109655163B (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-11-13 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Common view field multiband radiation intensity time-varying characteristic measuring device |
| CN110974205B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-04-22 | 华中科技大学苏州脑空间信息研究院 | Large-field-of-view multi-modal imaging system |
| CN111929800B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-07-08 | 西安应用光学研究所 | Multi-channel continuous zooming camera device suitable for airborne multispectral reconnaissance equipment |
| CN113432714A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Optical imaging system and method |
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